Impacts of climatic factors on the global spatiotemporal distribution patterns of Xylobolus subpileatus (Stereaceae, Russulales)
Xylobolus subpileatus, a corticioid fungus associated with white rot in woody angiosperms, represents a valuable resource for pharmaceutical and industrial applications due to its production of antitumor and neuroprotective compounds. It plays a significant ecological role in lignin decomposition and the global carbon cycle. Assessing the impact of climate change on its distribution is essential for germplasm conservation. This study employed the MaxEnt model with CMIP6 climate data to project potential suitable habitats across several periods: the Mid Holocene, the present (1970–2000), and future decades (2030s–2090s). The model performed reliably, with current predictions aligning well with known occurrences. Annual precipitation, precipitation of the driest quarter, and annual mean temperature were identified as the dominant factors shaping its distribution. The total suitable area under current conditions is approximately 2944.21 × 104 km2, categorized into low, moderate, and high suitability zones, with the most highly suitable regions concentrated in North America. Over time, the suitable area showed an initial expansion followed by a contraction. These projections help identify previously unexplored potential habitats and provide a scientific basis for the conservation and sustainable management of this species.
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