Inocybaceae of Pakistan: a checklist and description of two novel Inocybe species using morphological and multi-locus phylogenetic evidence
The family Inocybaceae (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) comprises ecologically important ectomycorrhizal fungi widely distributed across temperate and tropical forests. Pakistan hosts a diverse representation of this family, particularly species of the genus Inocybe. This study presents a comprehensive checklist of members of the family Inocybaceae reported from Pakistan. Based on the latest published data, the country contains 55 species of Inocybaceae, including 28 of the genus Inocybe, six of Inosperma, ten of Mallocybe, and 11 of Pseudosperma, while no records of Auritella, Nothocybe, or Tubariomyces have been documented in the country to date. Additionally, two new species, Inocybe khalidii and Inocybe floribundae, are described herein based on integrated morphological and multigene phylogenetic analyses. Phylogenetically, I. khalidii forms a distinct and strongly supported clade within the genus, confirming its relationship to allopatric species from Mexico, Japan, and the USA, while I. floribundae forms a well-supported clade within the Xanthomelas group, sister to European I. corsica and I. diabolica. Basidiomata of I. khalidii are differentially characterized by a vivid orange-brown subglabrous pileus, large and broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid basidiospores, and a near absence of caulocystidia. Basidiomata of I. floribundae are morphologically distinct from their phylogenetic relatives by the beige to brown, distinctly scaly pileus, bulbous but weakly marginate stipe, apically restricted caulocystidia, utriform-obclavate hymenial cystidia, and subisodiametric, bluntly nodulose basidiospores. Morphological descriptions, illustrations, micrographs, and sequences of ITS+LSU- and tef1-based phylogenetic analyses are presented in this article with reference to the newly described species.
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