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Permafrost degradation poses an increasingly serious threat of glacial lake outburst floodings (GLOFs) in the Tibetan Plateau. It is therefore of great practical significance to a…

An extreme heavy rainfall event in Henan Province (HnHRE) of central China in July 2021, which is jointly affected by the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) and Typhoon In-Fa…

We have recently introduced a modification of the multiple signal classification (MUSIC) method for synthetic aperture radar. This method depends on a tunable, user-defined parame…

Temperature and density in the upper Martian atmosphere, above ~100 km, are key diagnostic parameters to study processes of the species’ escape, investigate the impact of solar ac…

We study the physical mechanisms that drive alpine slope deformation during water infiltration and depletion into fractured bedrocks. We develop a fully coupled hydromechanical mo…

Plant phenology regulates the carbon cycle and land-atmosphere coupling. Currently, climate models often disagree with observations on the seasonal cycle of vegetation growth, par…

Amazon rainforest has been subject to intensive deforestation in the last decades, for example, illegal logging and creating pasture areas. A characteristic pattern of deforestati…

Satellite, reanalysis, and ocean in situ data are analyzed to evaluate regional, hemispheric and global mean trends in Earth’s energy fluxes during the first twenty years of the 2…

Here, we develop and test an artificial intelligence (AI)-based approach to monitor major Brazilian aquifers. The approach combines Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE)…

The intermediate-depth earthquakes (~200 km) in Hindu Kush, Afghanistan were investigated to prove their origin by tides. An untraditional astronomical method has been used to pro…

In the text “The Cause of Motion”, I argue the following 6 flaws in the definition of inertia and the law of inertia and propose a solution to correct these problems and mechanism…

The earthquake cycle of stress accumulation and release is associated with the elastic rebound hypothesis proposed by H.F. Reid following the M7.9 San Francisco earthquake of 1906…

A new database of the Entomological Inoculation Rate (EIR) is used to directly link the risk of infectious mosquito bites to climate in Sub-Saharan Africa. Applying a statistical …

Carbonate clumped isotope thermometry has been calibrated for a wide variety of carbonates, including calcite, aragonite, dolomite, siderite, and many of their biogenic forms. The…

We study the effects of pore fluid pressure (Pf ) on the pre-earthquake, near-fault stress state and 3D earthquake rupture dynamics through 6 scenarios utilizing a structural mode…

Multiplicity of open source remote sensing date platforms help in bringing various opportunities. Spatio-temporal analysis ofa region can help in analysing changes in regional cli…

We examined liquidus phase relations in Fe-O+/-H at ~40 and ~150 GPa, and subsolidus phase equilibria in Fe-FeH. While it has been speculated that Fe and FeH form continuous solid…

Spatial and temporal distributions of Clear-Air Turbulence (CAT) in the Northern Hemisphere were investigated using 41 years (1979 – 2019) of the European Centre for Medium-range …

Nonlinear wave-particle interactions contribute to the acceleration and precipitation of electrons in the outer radiation belt. Recent simulations and spacecraft observations sugg…

Dense polymorphs of silica have been demonstrated experimentally to incorporate from 1.5% to as much as 11.6% weight percent H 2 O as OH groups, with implications for the hydrogen…

The SuperCam instrument [1,2] onboard Mars2020 disposes of a variety of active and passive techniques, including passive spectroscopy in the 0.40-0.85 (VIS) and 1.3 to 2.6 microns…

High-conductivity anomalies of 0.1–1 S/m are widely distributed in the mid-lower crust of the Tibetan Plateau. Dehydration of amphibole-bearing rocks may play an important role in…

As phytoplankton form the base of the marine food web, understanding the controls on their abundance is fundamental to understanding marine ecology and how it might be altered by …

Sulfate is a major atmospheric pollutant and radiative forcing (RF) factor that influences air quality, cloud microphysics and climate. Therefore, a better evaluation of sulfate c…

We attempt, for the first time, to estimate the surface carbon flux by the method of automatic differentiation. The atmospheric transport model is developed using a deep learning …

Shear-wave splitting measurements are commonly used to resolve seismic anisotropy in both the upper and lowermost mantle. Typically, such techniques are applied to SmKS phases tha…

The carbon and water cycles in the Earth’s interior are linked to key planetary processes, such as mantle melting, degassing, chemical differentiation, and advection. However, the…

Harmful algal blooms (HABs) caused by the dinoflagellate Karenia brevis on the West Florida Shelf have become a nearly annual occurrence causing widespread ecological and economic…

Carbon monoxide is a non-condensable species of the Martian atmosphere produced by the photolysis of CO2. Its mixing ratio responds to the condensation and sublimation of CO2; fro…

Oceanic lithosphere created at mid-ocean ridges (MOR) is shaped by a complex interplay of magmatic, tectonic and hydrothermal processes. Where melt budget decreases at (ultra)slow…

Deep convective system maximum areal extent is driven by the stratiform anvil area since system convective area fractions are much less than unity when systems reach peak size. It…

To investigate the subsurface structure surrounding the Main Frontal Thrust (MFT) in central Nepal, we drilled and cored sediments to depths of 45-100 m at ten sites. Our borehole…

While hotspot tracks beneath thin oceanic lithosphere are visible as volcanic island chains, the plume-lithosphere interaction for thick continental or cratonic lithosphere often …

Researchers and end users using climate data face a challenge when they analyze the data they need. Data volumes are increasing very rapidly, and the ability to download all neede…

The Antarctic Slope Front (ASF) is a strong gradient in water mass properties close to the Antarctic margins. Heat transport across the ASF is important to Earth’s climate, as it …

Isopycnal mixing of tracers is important for ocean dynamics and biogeochemistry. Previous studies have primarily focused on the horizontal structure of mixing, but what controls i…

Mantle plumes are thought to recycle material from the Earth’s deep interior. One constraint on the nature and quantity of this recycled material comes from the observation of sei…

Particulate inorganic carbon (PIC) indicates CaCO3, which is produced biologically and constitutes about a quarter of total marine sediments. It is produced by coral reefs, forami…

Petrogenesis of post-collisional felsic potassic rocks and major controls on their magmatic redox states are still debated. To address this, we have carried out an integrated petr…

The Tonga volcano eruption of 15 January 2022 unleashed a variety of atmospheric perturbations, coinciding with the recovery phase of a geomagnetic storm. The ensuing thermospheri…

The ionosphere contains many small-scale electron density variations that are under represented in smooth physics-based or climatological models. This can negatively impact the re…

The 15 January 2022 eruption of the Hunga volcano (Tonga) generated a rich spectrum of waves, some of which achieved global propagation. Among numerous platforms mon- itoring the …

Our understanding of geomagnetic field intensity prior to the era of direct instrumental measurements relies on paleointensity analysis of rocks and archaeological materials that …

Previous studies have demonstrated that tides are subject to considerable changes on secular time scales. However, these studies rely on sea level observations from tide gauges th…

Phenotypic trait measurements have enabled breeders to link genomic information to phenotypic information and through this enhance crop performance by breeding for superior germpl…

The development of new phenomics approaches to image and process data from the subcellular to ecosystem-scale has accelerated over the past decade. Many of these tools are produce…

For over fifty years, cores recovered from ocean basins have generated extensive fossil, lithologic, and chemical archives that have revolutionized the fields of plate tectonics a…

Ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution threaten public health in the United States (U.S.), and systemic racism has led to modern-day disparit…

Acetone is an abundant volatile organic compound with important influence on ozone and atmospheric self-cleaning processes. The budget of acetone is influenced by various sources …

We re-examine data from a deep earthquake beneath NE Taiwan as recorded by the Formosa Array to explain mechanisms of a significant later P phase. For 2D simulations, we set up an…