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Chthonian planets—dense rocky or metallic remnants of gas giants stripped of their gaseous envelopes—experience extreme internal pressures and energy densities, making their struc…

Outdoor sports are increasingly exposed to climatic conditions that challenge athlete safety, performance and event organisation. Despite extensive physiological and epidemiologic…

Biogeochemical models form a core part of marine forecasting and climate projections, yet they suffer from persistent biases in predicting key ecosystem variables, creating challe…

Climate change is one of the big challenges facing this generation. Given the threats faced by climate change, it is important that everyone have an education that allows them to …

Methane emissions from the oil and gas sector follow highly right-skewed distributions, making it hard to accurately quantify average emissions with a limited number of measuremen…

We present two models for predicting void-fraction distributions in hydraulic jumps, addressing the limitations of the conventional two-layer formulation in representing continuou…

Recent studies have demonstrated that the vertical distribution of positively buoyant plastic particles in turbulent open channel flows can be described by a modified Rouse profil…

Animal-made bioturbational structures modify physio-chemical conditions and biota on the sediment surface and below. The behavior of the trace makers chiefly causes such changes b…

We present the results of a Very Large Methane Release (VLMR) experiment evaluating methane retrievals from the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES) Advanced …

The power system ecosystem encompasses infrastructure intensive industries such as electric utilities, hydropower operators, oil and gas producers, and mining companies supplying …

Predictive modeling of chemical dosage based on raw water quality can be useful in decision-making in operating a water treatment plant. In this study, two statistical methods, i.…

This paper presents a web-based research method for studying changes in vegetation in urban and suburban contexts between 2018 and 2024. The system uses the Normalized Difference …

Rabaul is a caldera volcano on New Britain Island, Papua New Guinea, whose active cone Tavurvur ranks seventh globally for long-term SO2 and CO2 emissions. It is unknown why Rabau…

The 2022 Hunga Tonga-Hunga Haʻapai (HTHH) eruption highlighted the need for monitoring submarine volcanoes. Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS), utilizing existing seafloor cables …

Traditional resilience theory often models complex systems as toggling between discrete alternative regimes, such as clear-water and turbid states in shallow lakes, each stabilize…

The urgency of tackling the biodiversity crisis across the tropics is clear, yet governance structures such as land tenure can act as barriers or enablers for conservation. Here, …

The precipitation characteristics that cause water-related disasters strongly depend on local factors such as topography. Therefore, high-resolution climate change projection data…

Addressing climate change through mitigation and adaptation is anticipated to require more than $6 trillion in global investment annually by 2035. However, many countries face sig…

Exposure to extreme events is a primary concern for coastal regions where growing populations and stressed ecosystems are increasingly vulnerable. This study assesses the compound…

Dissolved oxygen (DO) has been extensively studied in streams and rivers. Despite this breadth of research, the processes governing DO are rarely quantified concurrently with whol…

Ocean is the largest sink of atmospheric carbon, atmospheric CO2 is synthesized by surface phytoplankton into particle organic carbon (POC) that is exported from the ocean surface…

Heavy rare earth elements are critical for the transition to net zero in addition to being key to manufacturing defence technologies. Unconformity-related rare earth element (REE)…

Capturing ground motion variability, especially in near-fault long-period velocity pulses, is a key challenge for seismic hazard assessment. Empirical methods often rely on simpli…

Oceanic-atmospheric interactions significantly influence regional rainfall and vector-borne disease dynamics. Travel-related dengue cases serve as effective sentinels for dengue t…

Imaging meter-scale subsurface heterogeneities such as void spaces remains a difficult task for most established near-surface seismic methods. One strategy for addressing this cha…

We present INTEGRATE, a Python package for fast localized probabilistic inversion of geophysical data. The framework provides a general approach for Bayesian inference in localize…

Indonesia has experienced more frequent climate-driven disasters and a rise in climate-sensitive diseases, underscoring the need for stronger climate adaptation strategies in heal…

The temporal compositional variation of individual volcanic centres is key to understanding magmatic processes in the underlying crust. La Soufrière volcano, St. Vincent, Lesser A…

Glacier facies play a critical role in understanding the mass balance of glaciers, offering insights into accumulation and melting processes. Large-scale mapping of glacier facies…

Stadiums are among the most climate-sensitive infrastructures in global sport, yet the evidence available to characterise their climate-related risks remains fragmented. Although …

Ice shelves, the floating extensions of the Antarctic Ice Sheet, provide critical buttressing stresses that resist the seaward flow of ice and help set the position of the groundi…

Soil depth functions are essential for analysing, modeling, understanding and visualising soil profiles. While robust methods existed for continuous properties, soil texture is ty…

Autonomous in-situ radiometric observations are increasingly used to constrain bio-optical processes and validate satellite ocean-color products, such as remote sensing reflectanc…

Background Increasing frequency and intensity of extreme weather events threaten healthcare services globally, with particularly intense risks to low-resource regions. Evidenced p…

In the case of water-saturated, granular deposits that are at risk of liquefaction, engineers need reliable information about the spatial extent of soil deformation in the event o…

Hillslopes in arctic regions commonly display large-scale features—known as solifluction patterns—that form due to the exceedingly slow downhill movement of frost-heaved soil. Her…

The contribution of sinking fecal pellets to the biological carbon pump depends on pellet properties, producer abundance, and the depth and timing of pellet production, which can …

Calls to integrate climate change adaptation and mitigation promote synergistic action. However, narrow, intervention- or sector-specific perspectives obscure complexities shaping…

Microbial contamination of recreational and source waters poses persistent public health risks, yet conventional monitoring based on laboratory culture methods provides delayed re…

Stromatoporoid sponge fossils were major diverse reef-builders in the Palaeozoic Era; their taxonomic identification relies on thin sections examined under transmit-ted light micr…

Coastal sedimentary archives offer key insights into past severe storms and related flooding, contributing to a better understanding of long-term coastal hazard histories. Althoug…

The Vertical Gravity Gradient (VGG), derived from the difference between terrestrial and airborne gravity data, highlights shallow density contrasts. We estimated the near-surface…

Researching how to create just and sustainable futures for all requires innovative and mission-oriented transdisciplinary approaches. This article sets out our approach and findin…

Ice cores from the Allan Hills blue ice area in Antarctica have been dated to several million years of age. However, the stratigraphy of these cores is often disturbed, and age re…

This paper develops a hazard- and pathway-based framework for high-level radioactive waste (HLW) disposal grounded in intrinsic radionuclide decay characteristics, geochemical beh…

As cities across the UK seek to decarbonise heat and achieve net-zero targets, shallow geothermal energy presents an underutilised yet promising resource. In this study, we evalua…

The salinification of Earth’s early oceans impacted both the climate and the evolution of life. However, available halogen data of Archean seawater samples are at apparent odds wi…

Rabaul is a caldera volcano in Papua New Guinea. Its most recent caldera-forming eruption occurred ~1400 years ago, with numerous intra-caldera eruptions since. Erupted whole rock…

The quality of training datasets can have a large impact on Machine Learning (ML) models, yet this aspect of the pipeline frequently receives less scrutiny than it should. In the …

Petrological evidence and global heat budgets indicate that the solid Earth has cooled substantially over geological time, yet the influence of secular cooling on mantle dynamics …