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Marine carbon dioxide removal (mCDR) is an emerging climate mitigation solution increasingly recognized as necessary to supplement greenhouse gas emission reductions. Various mCDR…

Biotite is a key hydrous silicate mineral in evolved magmatic systems, but its control on the behaviour of minor- and trace-elements, in particular Li, Nb, F and the REE is not we…

Groundwater constitutes 30% of fresh water reserves on Earth. It is important as a source for drinking water and irrigation due to its good quality. For many aquifers in arid regi…

Climate change and air pollution affect nearly every major organ system, altering both the presentation of disease and patient responses to pharmaceutical treatments. However, exi…

Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction (ABNJ) cover most of the ocean but remain governed through fragmented regimes and uneven scientific capacity. The Biodiversity Beyond National J…

Volcanic eruptions are inevitable, unpredictable, and impact climate globally. During outbreaks, volcanic aerosols enter the stratosphere, modifying the planetary energy balance. …

We present a three-dimensional hybrid numerical scheme developed for modeling teleseismic plane-wave propagation through coupled acoustic–elastic media. This approach integrates t…

Multispectral imagery has traditionally been used to classify benthic habitats; however, many challenges exist when using this method alone including the overlap of spectral signa…

This technical report presents a comprehensive parametric sensitivity analysis of compositional reservoir simulation using the open-source OPM Flow simulator, extending previous g…

Climate change poses escalating threats to global health, with disproportionately severe impacts in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) where structural vulnerabilities, resou…

The Rothplattenbach Complex (Arosa Zone, Germany) hosts alkaline magmatic rocks that provide unique insights into the mid-crustal evolution of water-saturated melts. This study pr…

This paper reviews available paleobotanical evidence (pollen and macrofossils) from 114 European sites to infer Cenozoic mangrove dynamics. European mangroves originated at the Pa…

Narrow cold frontal rainbands (NCFRs) bring brief but intense periods of rain during wintertime extratropical cyclones in Southern California. Much is known about the meteorology …

By 2030, it is estimated that the number of medium- to large-scale disaster events may increase to 560 per year compared to 400 in 2015. People less than 60 years of age in 2020 h…

Analog environments are terrestrial environments that resemble extraterrestrial sites; this concept originated in space sciences for defining methods to study planetary geology, t…

Autonomous surface and subsurface platforms equipped with acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs) are increasingly used to observe ocean velocities, but in the presence of surf…

Methane leaks from wastewater treatment represent the loss of biogas that can be used to generate onsite energy, offsetting costs and improving efficiency. Here, we characterize e…

Essential Climate Variables (ECVs) are critical for understanding and monitoring climate systems, providing important data to assess climate change and supporting policy formulati…

Hydrologic models for the Wards Brook valley near Fryeburg, Maine were developed for historical (2016 – 2021) and hypothetical future conditions (2046 – 2065 and 2080 – 2099) to u…

Distributed glacio-hydrological models are essential for simulating runoff processes in glacier-fed Himalayan basins, yet their application is often constrained by extensive data …

Fresh groundwater is a vital resource along global coastlines where already over a third of the world’s population lives. Saline groundwater intrusion, driven by sea-level rise, g…

Accurately interpreting the redox state of ancient seawater using the Vanadium (V) paleo-redox proxy requires us to have a comprehensive understanding of the sinks that might impa…

MAELIA (Multi-Agent for EnvironmentaL norms Impact Assesment) is an agent-based simulation platform designed to assess the impact of alternative water management policies at the w…

Hydrologic models have been increasingly used as a numerical tool to support urban stormwater management. Evaluation of modeling approaches helps identify the strength and weaknes…

Asian summer monsoon (ASM) convection efficiently transports surface emissions into the upper troposphere, leading to the formation of the Asian tropopause aerosol layer (ATAL). T…

Groundwater quality in and around oil fields in the Southern San Joaquin Valley is of interest to many California residents that rely heavily on groundwater for domestic, commerci…

The Mozambique Channel is a 1,600-km long, 950 – 1,000-km wide deep-water arm of southwestern Indian Ocean, located between Mozambique and Madagascar Island. The channel hosts the…

The Triassic continental Rewan Group in the northern Bowen Basin, Queensland, Australia, consisting of the Sagittarius Sandstone and the Arcadia Formation, preserves a key record …

Field observations have shown that low-frequency (sub-1 Hz) Scholte waves retrieved from ocean-bottom node (OBN) data are strongly influenced by large-scale velocity heterogeneiti…

Large-scale cultural events such as sports games and music concerts are known to cause localised seismic excitation above background noise levels. In this paper we investigate whe…

The questionable reliability of discharges obtained using the traditional stage–discharge method under gradually varied flow conditions continues to motivate the search for improv…

Magnetite particles are widely recognized as green and sustainable material for advanced water treatment. The magnetite particles are synthesized through a simple electrochemical …

The current pace of global emissions reduction is inadequate to meet the Paris Agreement temperature target of 1.5°C. While carbon dioxide removal (CDR) is increasingly viewed as …

Wind-generated inertial motions are refracted by geostrophic vorticity gradients to propagate into the stratified ocean interior as near-inertial waves that can be trapped in anti…

Antarctic sea-ice extent began declining since 2015, reaching its lowest extent in the post-1970s observational era in 2023. To diagnose the drivers of this decline, we analyse an…

Large Language Models (LLMs), being text-based, are ideal types of artificial intelligence to consider the complexities of palaeontological taxonomy because palaeontology depends …

The propagation of the Red Sea continental margin remains unevaluated. Despite the unanimous agreement that the southern Red Sea axial ridge valley is underlain by juvenile oceani…

Bangladesh’s rapidly growing cities are becoming hotter, but how heat stress is changing over the day–night cycle has remained unclear. Using 40 years (1985–2024) of hourly Univer…

Three-dimensional (3D) magnetotelluric (MT) forward modelling is computationally demanding, limiting its use in global uncertainty quantification and sampling-based probabilistic …

The Laurentian Great Lakes are a vital freshwater resource and a regionally significant natural system facing complex, persistent, and compounding challenges from climate change, …

Biodiversity is cornered by human habitat alteration and eroded by climate change. Protecting it urgently requires efficient allocation of conservation resources to protect vulner…

Thin anomalous structures known as ultra-low velocity zones (ULVZs) have been found on the core-mantle boundary (CMB) and have extreme velocity reductions. These features are dete…

Conventional industry practice evaluates the effectiveness of diverting agents in hydraulic fracturing of oil and gas wells by monitoring treatment pressure, predicated on the ass…

Mangrove forests are a critical part of our ecosystem, which works continuously to fight the carbon footprint, coastal erosion and provides support for biodiversity. However, thes…

Despite the widespread adoption of photogrammetry across diverse disciplines, the relative influences of image acquisition parameters on the quality of photogrammetric models are …

Malaysia frequently experiences extreme rainfall throughout the Northeast Monsoon season. However, the connection between extreme rainfall and distinct monsoonal synoptic circulat…

This paper documents a metadata schema, implementation, and associated vocabularies developed for the Internet of Samples (iSamples) project to integrate geoscience, archaeology/a…

Effective management of seismic hazard in geo-energy development demands real-time estimates of subsurface fault instability. However, real-time monitoring of pore pressure change…

Rainfed crops account for approximately 40% of India’s food production and support 60% of its livestock. Although linked to oceanic monsoon rainfall, their productivity also depen…

The primary objective of this research is to characterize distinct differential reflectivity (ZDR) column behavior with respect to height, intensity, and aerial coverage prior to …