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Mainstream disaster resilience studies overwhelmingly privilege top-down institutional frameworks, leaving the socio-economic and care-oriented contributions of women undertheoriz…

Taxonomic identification is a central practice in palaeontology, underpinning biostratigraphic correlations, palaeobiogeographic reconstructions, and analyses of macroevolutionary…

Crystal aggregation via synneusis is well-documented in many common igneous minerals, such as quartz and olivine. Synneusis is typically described as a monomineralic process where…

There are numerous commonly used measures of household water access that capture various dimensions of the household water experience, but it is unclear if individual variables ar…

Toxic metals (TMs) are metallic contaminants that cause adverse health effects even at low exposure levels. Arsenic (As), Manganese (Mn), Lead (Pb), and Cadmium (Cd) are among the…

Temporal variability in methane emissions from oil and gas facilities may significantly impact the accuracy of measurement-based emissions inventories and the effectiveness of mea…

Layered intrusions are the crystallised remnants of magma reservoirs and preserve a detailed record of magma storage, differentiation, and recharge processes in the upper crust. T…

Full-waveform inversion estimates subsurface properties by minimizing the misfit between observed and modelled data. However, conventional deterministic approaches are highly sens…

Configuring urban hydrological models, such as SWMM, for operational or real-time modelling remains onerous for many models. We propose an Agentic SWMM workflow, which embeds ‘Ski…

DAS recordings close to the coast are influenced by pressure signals from land- and seaward ocean surface gravity waves. The amplitude and period of the signal can serve as proxie…

Single-station recordings of teleseismic earthquakes are inherently complex due to the superposition of numerous seismic phases and their contamination with noise, which can be pa…

Cascading slope failures in alpine environments are intensifying as glaciers retreat and slope stability adjusts to a warming climate. Yet, the mechanisms governing such large, ra…

Accurately capturing the spatial variability of urban heat exposure is important for planning heat-resilient cities. While regional climate models have historically simplified urb…

Tropical cyclones (TCs) cause substantial disaster losses worldwide. Forecast skill for TC track and intensity has been improved by enhanced observations, high-resolution numerica…

Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) rainfall exhibits strong sensitivity to sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) across four Indo-Pacific nodal regions: The Western and Eastern Equat…

The rapid adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) tools for writing and paraphrasing is transforming scientific communication. While such tools can improve linguistic fluency, th…

Debris flows, which mobilize large volumes of water, sediment, and woody debris, pose significant risks to human communities and infrastructure. In wildfire-affected forested area…

Decarbonization strategies in the residential sector have largely focused on lowering the carbon intensity of energy supply and improving end-use efficiency. Sufficiency, defined …

Pharmaceuticals are increasingly recognised as a class of emerging contaminants of concern in rivers. Their continuous release from human use and variable removal in sewage treatm…

Himalayan water-security assessments often focus on glacier retreat, yet groundwater may supply much of river flow. We combine seismic observations from the Hi-CLIMB transect acro…

Iron in coals occurs in various forms (pyrite, ultradispersed particles, ions in the carbon matrix) and plays a key role in oxidation processes, spontaneous combustion, liquefacti…

Calderas are subsided volcanic terrains formed by the destructive power of some of the largest volcanic eruptions on Earth. Many such depressions globally are today submerged by c…

This paper is a continuation of a series of works, devoted to various aspects of the 1908 Tunguska event. This paper is devoted to several events which can be called as mini-Tungu…

Wildfire risk prediction in large, ecologically diverse countries requires models that account for regional variation in fire drivers. We present GeoAlertAR-ML, a wildfire risk pr…

Inequality is rising and so is global catastrophic risk. These two problems are not independent from each other. Inequality has historically been a major driver of social instabil…

Mountain studies worldwide have documented increases in rainfall fraction as an impact of climate change. Most mountain systems show an increasing trend in rainfall fraction due t…

We explore the large-scale relations between anomalies of global tropical sea surface temperature (SST) and U.S. precipitation to assess the sources of December-February (DJF) pre…

Urban nuisance flooding is widespread, yet quantitative observations of its magnitude and spatial variability remain limited. Most image-based approaches provide only relative mea…

Subalpine soils store a significant amount of soil organic carbon (SOC), yet the factors driving its landscape-scale variability remain poorly constrained. Although topography, so…

Mitigating climate change largely relies on substituting fossil fuels with low-carbon, electricity-producing energy sources. Resulting electrification alters sectoral energy deman…

Forest mortality is increasing globally under climate change, making detailed, large-scale monitoring essential for understanding ecosystem responses and guiding adaptive forest m…

Barrier islands are highly dynamic components of sandy coastlines, making up 10% of coastlines globally. Barriers provide recreational opportunities, protect mainland communities…

Global estimates of fractional cover of green vegetation (GV), non-photosynthetic vegetation (NPV), and soil provide valuable information about the Earth system. As the new genera…

Mountain block recharge (MBR) is an important but difficult-to-observe component of mountain water budgets, especially in steep terrain where groundwater measurements are sparse. …

High-resolution digital terrain models are essential for environmental planning and territorial analyses, and provide foundations for geomorphological and hydrological application…

Crystallisation-driven volatile exsolution (second boiling) is widely invoked to pressurise shallow magma reservoirs, yet its ability to generate eruption-triggering overpressure …

Flooding poses a major hazard across diverse environments and can be particularly difficult to estimate in urban/urbanizing cities without detailed hydrodynamic data/models. This …

A mathematical model of coupled heat and mass transfer with water–ice–vapor phase transitions in heterogeneous porous soils is developed. The model comprises the Richards equation…

Spatial analyses are central to ecological studies, underpinning applications ranging from species distribution modelling to conservation planning and macroecological inference. H…

Coral reefs are experiencing widespread decline from climate change and anthropogenic stressors, increasing the need to understand the processes that maintain and replenish coral …

The Arctic-boreal region contains a significant portion of the global carbon reservoir, which is becoming increasingly vulnerable to atmospheric release due to climate change. Thu…

Blanks during powdering processes were examined for major and trace elements using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Quartz sand (reference CV32.2) was used a…

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a rapidly escalating global health crisis threatening human, animal, and environmental well-being. While its spread is often linked to antibiotic…

Evidence on how people adapt to drought frequency and severity is expanding, yet remains fragmented and insufficiently informative for assessing progress, limits, equity, and key …

The threshold for motion exerts a fundamental control on sediment transport, channel morphology, and fluvial erosion. While channel slope and flow history are known to influence e…

The numerical estimation of the position of the water table in unconfined aquifers is important for many practical applications. Its determination through observations or analytic…

This study presents a geochemical method for discriminating coal types based on vitrinite maceral composition (telinite vs. collinite), using trace element ratios normalized to a …