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Showing 40501 to 40550 of 59105 works
Calibrated spatial uncertainty for Earth observation foundation models via Matérn-motivated latent stochastic regulariz…
Earth observation foundation models produce dense spatial embeddings that support transfer learning across sensors and regions, yet these representations carry no explicit spatial…
Transformation of climatologically anomalous water masses
Wederiveanovelanomalous water mass budget framework in which water masses are defined by bounds on tracer anomalies rather than absolute tracer values, extending Water Mass Transf…
Modeling Heterogeneous Subnational Climate Action through a Sectoral Tiering Framework: Implications for U.S. Decarboni…
State governments play a critical role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions to meet the United States’ Paris Agreement targets. However, states vary widely in their capacities and…
Petrogenic Carbon Oxidation and Its Impact on the Carbon Balance in the Ganga River Basin
Based on sampling and investigation spanning several years, we conduct a comprehensive assessment of petrogenic organic carbon (OCpetro) oxidation and evaluate the net carbon budg…
From clay raw materials to ceramics: mineralogical and geochemical markers for assessing refinement technologies and pr…
Understanding the provenance and selection of ceramic raw materials is essential for reconstructing past technological practices and production networks. Twenty-four clay outcrops…
Slow dynamics under high confining pressure in saturated sandstone with pore pressure
Slow dynamics is a time-dependent, nonlinear elastic behavior occurring in a variety of consolidated or damaged materials, including rocks. The influence of relative humidity and …
Kaolin as a potential lithium source: a preliminary study of the Torniella ceramic raw material deposit (southern Tusca…
The Torniella ceramic raw material deposit (southern Tuscany) is hosted within highly altered rhyolites of the Tertiary Tuscan magmatic province. Locally, kaolinite-rich veins occ…
A Vertical Equilibrium Model for CO2 Migration in Depleted Gas Fields
This study extends the vertical equilibrium (VE) modeling framework to simulate multi-phase flow involving CO₂, methane, and brine in depleted gas reservoirs. Methane presence int…
Drying summers threaten western North American river ecosystems and a keystone migratory fish
Climate change threatens river ecosystems by altering the seasonal streamflow patterns to which aquatic species have adapted, including keystone species like Chinook salmon in wes…
Pakistan's Orographic Ladder: Terrain-Constrained Water Potential and the Atmospheric Mechanism Suppressing It
Pakistan's north-south topographic gradient, 0 m at the Arabian Sea coast rising to 8,611 m at K2 across five distinct ridge systems, represents one of the largest orographic cond…
Can AlphaEarth Foundations Redefine the Paradigm of Gridded Population Mapping? A Systematic Evaluation across 18 Globa…
Population mapping typically relies on census data and its update cycles, and is further constrained by manual feature engineering and limited cross-regional generalization. Alpha…
Emerging climate–yield re-coupling in overexploited date palm oases: satellite evidence from a 22-year temporal decoupl…
Southern Tunisia's date palm oases have quadrupled production over two decades while extracting fossil groundwater at more than twice the sustainable rate, a trajectory whose cons…
swmm-breach: Probabilistic dam-breach hydrograph forecasting integrated with EPA SWMM and PCSWMM
The U.S. EPA Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) and its commercial extension PCSWMM are among the most widely deployed open-source urban-hydrology engines worldwide, but neither …
Multidimensional Inconsistency in Forest Ecosystem Representation: An NLP-Assisted Thematic Review
Forest ecosystem monitoring increasingly relies on multisensor remote sensing approaches integrating optical imagery, synthetic aperture radar (SAR), and LiDAR observations to ass…
Geodynamic Model Description for Ptolemy’s Germania Magna
This model proposes that the well-documented geodynamic and climatic disruption of the 6th century AD involved a reactivation of the ancient Caledonian Deformation Front (CDF) and…
Orthomagmatic Ni-Cu-Au-PGE mineralisation in Ireland and Northern Ireland: A review of historic exploration and future …
Platinum group elements (PGEs) are essential constituents in established and emerging green technologies, yet European supply is dominated by a small number of very large deposits…
A Blueprint for Integrated Climate Intelligence
Climate information is advancing faster than the decision systems designed to use it. Emergency response operates on timescales of hours, whereas societal adaptation unfolds over …
ENSO-conditioned evolution of global mean surface temperature
Here we examined how the June--May trajectory of global mean surface temperature (GMST) can be anticipated from recent GMST evolution and upcoming boreal winter Ni\~no-3.4 values.…
Causal analyses reveal changing land-atmosphere patterns and soil moisture control under warming
Climate change is projected to modify the global water cycle and land-atmosphere interactions. However, warming-induced changes in multivariate dependence remain insufficiently ex…
Episodic slowdown of global warming by a multi-year La Niña
Global mean surface temperature (GMST), which has continued to rise due to the anthropogenic greenhouse gas forcing, is closely related to the sea surface temperature variability …
Forty+ Years of Post-Earthquake Reconnaissance: Methodological Evolution Across Three Phases of EEFIT Activity
Over four decades, the Earthquake Engineering Field Investigation Team (EEFIT) has undertaken around 50 missions in around 35 countries, evolving from a structural-engineering fie…
Improving Learning and Science Outcomes in The Reservoir Observer Student Scientists (ROSS) Program Through Reflection …
The Reservoir Observer Student Scientists (ROSS) program engages high school students in year-round water quality monitoring to detect and understand cyanobacterial harmful algal …
Can Hyperscale Data Centers Alter Local Meteorology in the Kathmandu Valley? A Simulation-Based Assessment
There is growing interest in Nepal in hosting large data centers inside the Kathmandu Valley, but how the valley’s atmosphere would respond to substantial additional heat emission…
Assembly areas as urban infrastructure: disaster governance, spatial equity, and the protection of public open space in…
Disaster assembly areas - designated open spaces where populations gather following a major earthquake - represent a critical but neglected component of urban resilience infrastru…
Hot orogen behaviour, partial melting and ductile flow: Case study of the Damara Orogen, Namibia
The Damara Orogen in Namibia preserves an exceptional record of Neoproterozoic–Cambrian continent–continent collision during Gondwana assembly. It provides a natural laboratory su…
Current deformation in Hispaniola from InSAR--derived surface velocities
The oblique convergence between the Caribbean and North American plates is accommodated, in Hispaniola, by left-lateral strike-slip on two major left--lateral fault systems and by…
Adaptive Turbine Replacement Improves Hydropower Flexibility in a Changing Climate
Hydropower Plants (HP) will operate under new conditions as water regimes shift, reservoir operating rules evolve, and the grid requires flexible balancing of wind and solar. HP …
A Foundational Synthesis of Ecosystem Services Knowledge to Critically Assess and Structure Their Integration into Life…
Purpose: The integration of ecosystem services in life cycle assessment has gained increasing attention. Its operationalization remains limited and inconsistent, particularly with…
Engineered Closed-Loop Mineral Storage (ECLMS): A Conceptual Korean CCS Model Bridging Ex-situ Mineralization and Geolo…
The expansion of Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) and the European Union's Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) has sharpened global expectations for permanence, traceabilit…
Spatiotemporal Evolution of Urban Thermal Conditions, Vegetation Dynamics, and Built-up Expansion in Ahmedabad, India (…
Rapid urban expansion has substantially altered urban thermal conditions across many semi-arid cities. This study examined spatiotemporal variation in land surface temperature (LS…
An analogue-conditioned multi-satellite framework for daily precipitation reconstruction
Precipitation is a key component of the Earth system, yet remains difficult to reconstruct accurately due to its stochastic nature, physical drivers, and sparse observational cove…
Wet and Dry Hydrological Conditions Reduce Chlorophyll-a at River-Lake Interfaces
Hydrological variation is intensifying under climate change, yet its net effects on lake water quality remain uncertain. Wet and dry hydrological conditions are commonly assumed t…
Dataset for Integrated Petrophysical Analysis and 3-D Geological Model Development of the Bakken Unconventional Reservo…
The Bakken Formation in the Williston Basin remains one of the most unconventional plays in North America, yet accurate reservoir characterization continues to be challenged by si…
Reassessing long-term exhumation rates in magmatic terranes
Crustal exhumation is central to mountain building, weathering, and sediment production processes, which significantly influence the composition and behavior of Earth’s oceans and…
TiMEpy: A Python Package for Analyzing Tidal Modulation of Fast and Slow Earthquakes
Due to interactions between the solid Earth and tidal forces, the crust experiences continuous stress perturbations. Understanding how earthquakes respond to tidal stresses provid…
Bridging science, policy, practice and purpose: global insights from sustainability leaders driving transformative chan…
Seventeen percent of the Sustainable Development Goals are currently on track to be achieved by 2030. That number points to a problem that better frameworks and more ambitious tar…
Adaptive Model Parameter Estimation Triggered by the Beneficial Observation Rate from Forecast Sensitivity to Observati…
In NWP, the assimilation of various observations contributes to improving forecast accuracy. The contribution of each observation can be estimated by existing methods. Empirically…
Extreme Heat and Rainfall Risk Attributed to Cumulative CO2 Emissions from Fossil Fuel Producers
Legal and political approaches to climate accountability require demonstrating that a particular emitter contributed to a climate impact, but quantitative solutions to this attrib…
Polar ice-cores unravel the formation of a UV window during magnetic field collapse ~ 42 ka BP
During geomagnetic excursions (GEs), compromised magnetic field and increased cosmic-ray bombardment can deplete the ozone layer forming ‘UV window(s)’ in the Earth’s atmosphere. …
Antimicrobial Resistance – A Growing Global Groundwater Challenge
Antimicrobials are composed of medications such as antibiotics and antivirals which are widely used to ensure human and animal health. However, inappropriate use of antimicrobials…
Diagnosing subseasonal and seasonal drivers of European and North African winter extremes using information theory
Diagnosing subseasonal and seasonal drivers of European and North African winter extremes using information theory
From Snapshot Maps to Continuous Monitoring of Global Forest Carbon at 100 m Resolution (2000–2025)
Accurate, high-resolution estimation of forest aboveground biomass (AGB) is critical for quantifying terrestrial carbon stocks and informing climate mitigation policy, yet existin…
Chemical and meteorological drivers of ozone extremes during the 2019 UK summer heatwaves
Heatwave-associated air pollution episodes are increasingly recognized as a public health threat. Studies have observed a positive correlation between extreme temperature and extr…
TUD-L3-EWH_UNC-GRACE: A Global Level‑3 GRACE(-FO) EWH Uncertainty Product
We present TUD-L3-EWH\_UNC-GRACE, a globally gridded Level-3 GRACE(-FO) equivalent water height (EWH) data product providing an extensive characterisation of uncertainty for direc…
Ecosystem metabolism in the lower Columbia and Willamette Rivers, USA: Insights into the juvenile salmonid food web
The Columbia River and its major tributary, the Willamette River, are large systems impacted by human activities, including the installation of hydroelectric dams. Hourly measurem…
What works in agrarian adaptation: a systematic assessment of CGIAR climate research evidence
Effective climate adaptation in agrarian settings is critical for the billions of people whose livelihoods depend on agriculture, yet evidence on what adaptation actions actually …
EGMSpy: an open-source Python toolkit for scalable data handling, classification, clustering, and visualisation of Cope…
The Copernicus European Ground Motion Service (EGMS) provides millimetre-accuracy line-of-sight displacement measurements for over five billion coherent scatterers across Europe, …
When rotation-invariant spectra enter structural design: interpreting RotD100 and related measures
In many design procedures, a scalar response spectrum like RotD50 or RotD100 is interpreted as a component spectrum applied independently along two orthogonal structural direction…
Forest or tundra? How different vegetation reconstructions of Last Glacial landscapes in Europe may shape our perceptio…
Regional variability and long-term changes of past ecosystems likely had a strong impact on hunter-gatherer population dynamics, including the expansion of anatomically modern hum…
Enhancing the Generalization of Flood Susceptibility Models: A Leakage-Aware Ensemble Framework for Deltaic Landscapes
Flood susceptibility mapping (FSM) is a cornerstone of disaster risk reduction in low-lying deltaic regions; however, conventional machine learning (ML) applications frequently su…
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