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The explosion in cloud computing and artificial intelligence has driven a rapid expansion of data centers. While the immense energy and water consumption of these facilities is we…

Fluvially-carved bedrock valleys are ubiquitous landscape features. Vertical incision into underlying bedrock generates valley relief, whereas lateral migration of the river chann…

Atmospheric rivers (ARs) are long, narrow bands of moisture in the atmosphere that transport large amounts of water vapor, producing hazards ranging from heavy rain to high winds …

Micro- and nanoplastics (MNP) pose an emerging threat to soil ecosystems, with particular concern for small MNP (≤10 µm). Although small fluorescent MNP are widely used to track M…

This review synthesises empirical evidence linking global mean surface temperature to climate mortality through undernourishment, heat, extreme events, conflict, and disease, and …

Coffee leaf rust (CLR), caused by Hemileia vastatrix, remains a major threat to smallholder coffee production, yet access to timely and actionable disease risk information is limi…

We present a high-resolution seismic–sedimentological reconstruction of post-glacial sedimentation in three shallow offshore basins around the Shetland Islands (Dury Voe, Colgrave…

Global sustainability initiatives prioritize urban greenery to foster resilient cities, yet their efficacy remains under-researched in the Global South. Conventional reliance on s…

Phytoplankton communities, key regulators of marine ecosystems and the global carbon cycle, are susceptible to sea surface temperature variability, such as marine heatwaves (MHWs)…

Agricultural drought monitoring is essential for food security in tropical regions where rain-fed agriculture predominates. Operational early warning systems rely primarily on opt…

Large subarctic rivers deliver most of their dissolved nutrients during the spring freshet, in approximate phase with the ice-edge diatom bloom that those nutrients support. Hydro…

Greenland ice loss is accelerating, but its consequences beyond sea-level rise remain poorly understood. At the same time, the Euro-Mediterranean region is facing unprecedented su…

Ground-level ozone (O3) pollution has declined in the U.S., yet the progress has stalled in recent years, coinciding with increasing wildfire smoke. Using ensemble machine learnin…

Snow megadunes cover 5×105 km2 of the East Antarctic plateau, biasing surface mass balance estimates and overprinting ice-core signals—yet their 2–5 km wavelength has lacked a qua…

General support for climate action is widely expressed within academia and public research, with surveys consistently reporting exceptionally high levels of awareness and concern …

Climate contrarian discourse permeates a wide range of media outlets, including popular entertainment television shows and films. This study identifies and quantifies the frequenc…

Human societies and ecological systems experience interacting and compounding crises, a condition often described as ‘polycrisis’. To better navigate it, we propose a synthesis ag…

The European Alps exhibit a complex geomorphology and undergo the influences of different climate regimes, resulting in high spatial variability of climatic variables and their ch…

The current study focused on detecting and removing microplastics (MPs) from wastewater using a low-cost filter. Microplastics are very small plastic pieces that pollute water and…

Deforestation in the Amazon basin degrades not only the cleared land but also the hydrological function of adjacent intact forest. Here we combine 10 years of SMAP Level 4 root-zo…

Modeling studies predict that biological aerosol, specifically pollen acting as giant cloud condensation nuclei (GCCN), can modify precipitation character by initiating collision-…

Peatlands in northwestern Canada comprise one of the most thaw-sensitive and carbon-rich permafrost landscapes of North America, and undergo rapid thaw due to surface disturbance …

Seasonal predictability over the North Atlantic-European (NAE) sector is strongly modulated by the background climate state, particularly in early winter. In this season, differen…

Distinguishing forest types---primary, naturally regenerating, planted, and plantation forests---from agricultural tree crops and other land uses is essential for carbon accountin…

We analyze North Atlantic Tropical Cyclone (TC) activity using the Columbia HAZard (CHAZ) model to downscale 12 models from CMIP6 under the SSP1-2.6 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios --- tho…

Post-earthquake macroseismic surveying often relies on ground-based visual inspections that are slow, costly, and difficult to scale in the immediate aftermath of a seismic event.…

Soil organic matter (SOM) is a key indicator for assessing soil health and the carbon sequestration potential, and its precise spatial prediction is vital for ensuring sustainable…

Reliable assessment of tropical cyclone (TC) risk is limited by the brevity and spatial sparsity of the historical record, particularly for the rare, high-intensity landfalls that…

This method article presents a local refinement framework for a national-scale, machine learning-based groundwater model that predicts typical summer and winter water table depth …

The Mw 7.7 Myanmar earthquake of 28 March 2025 ruptured the Sagaing Fault system over ~450 km and exhibited complex rupture behavior, including intermittent supershear propagation…

Climate change constitutes a compound existential risk for Pakistan — a nation responsible for less than one percent of global greenhouse-gas emissions yet consistently ranked amo…

Check dams can influence debris-flow propagation, but their effects may depend on location, height, and local topographic conditions. This study evaluates the sensitivity of downs…

Quantifying the input mass from snow accumulation on rapidly changing glaciers is critical to establishing baseline states and predicting responses to climate change. Some of the …

Walther’s law, a fundamental principle in geoscience, predicts that laterally adjacent depositional environments become preserved as a vertical succession of layers (facies). As a…

Spectacle and Mashapaug Ponds have been listed as impaired waters in Rhode Island since 2002, with 20 public-health advisories issued since 2011. Phosphorus is treated as the prim…

Coastal regions are complex environments. They lie at the confluence of physical oceanic, atmospheric, and land-based processes, and continue to undergo significant change due to …

The acquisition of geophysical data is becoming increasingly important in the context of critical mineral exploration. Geophysical data and inversion product are essential to map …

Methane emissions from natural wetlands are a major contributor to the changing global climate. However, estimates of such emissions are uncertain and depend on the modeling appro…

Novel graph and string representations of the cortical shell structures of the genus Pantanellium, a Mesozoic radiolarian, are proposed. The representations are then used to compa…

As the climate changes, cities are increasingly exposed to extreme weather events such as droughts, further amplified by the urban heat island effect. Urban vegetation, a key Natu…

Anthropogenic global warming has reached a level so high that it is now possible to an- alyze its dynamics and spatial variation. Spatially varying Surface Air Temperature (SAT) a…

NASA's Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) provides near-global, high-resolution 3D LiDAR observations of forest vertical structure. However, GEDI products are distribu…

Seismic wavefields recorded across regional arrays exhibit spatial structure governed by propagation physics, including phase alignment, apparent slowness, and source directionali…

Understanding induced fracture slip in geothermal reservoirs requires clarifying the relative roles of rapid pore pressure propagation and slower cooling-related stress redistribu…

We develop a sensitivity-guided, surrogate-assisted Bayesian framework to infer fracture network parameters from elastic waves. Synthetic fracture networks characterized by power-…

Since the retreat of the Laurentide Ice Sheet, peatland development in the Hudson Bay Lowlands (HBL) has been mainly influenced by postglacial isostatic rebound and climate. We st…

Nepal possesses an immense technically and economically feasible renewable energy potential of 45,000 MW, yet its current energy consumption remains heavily dominated by tradition…

The impacts of ocean acidification (OA) on marine communities are a growing concern for coastal upwelling ecosystems, such as the Southern California Bight (Bight). Successful man…

Maize productivity in West Africa is severely constrained by recurrent drought and low soil nitrogen availability, which results in strong environmental heterogeneity and complex …

Glacial-lake outburst floods (GLOFs) are the dominant climate-driven hazard in High Mountain Asia, and reliable lake-extent segmentation is the prerequisite for every downstream e…