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Showing 40101 to 40150 of 59105 works
Physical properties of magmas and their evolution during storage, transport, eruption and emplacement
Magma has played an important role in the Earth’s evolution through volcanic and magmatic activity, including the formation of the crust and atmosphere. Magma storage, transport, …
The complex rupture evolution of the long and slow, tsunamigenic 2021 South Sandwich Islands earthquake
On August 21, 2021 a large earthquake occurred in the South Sandwich subduction zone, and the associated tsunami was widely observed. In order to robustly analyse the detailed sei…
Meteorites weathering under a variety of conditions in the Lut Desert
Climate, topography, and geomorphology are fundamental terrestrial environmental factors that play a significant role in shaping rock weathering processes across Earth's surface. …
The East Australian Potassic Suite: Petrology, Bulk Chemistry, and Origin
The Eastern Australian Potassic Suite (EAPS) is an alkaline volcanic province made up of over 20 widely dispersed outcrops that extend almost 700 km, inferred to form the southern…
Fully-dynamic seismic cycle simulations in co-evolving fault damage zones controlled by damage rheology
Both short-term coseismic off-fault damage and long-term fault growth during interseismic periods have been suggested to contribute to the formation and evolution of fault damage …
Mid-Ocean Ridge Volcanism (Encyclopedia of Volcanoes, 3rd edition, book chapter)
The vast majority of the Earth’s volcanism takes place in the deep ocean along mid-ocean ridges (MORs), yet because it is difficult to detect and observe, it is also relatively po…
Calibration of Permeability Models from Sandstones to Carbonates Using Capillary Pressure: Applicable to U.S. Shallow M…
Permeability estimation plays a crucial role in reservoir characterization and is commonly determined through core analysis. Additionally, permeability can be inferred from mercur…
Eruption triggering
Volcanic systems behave episodically and require mechanisms for magma segregation, instability and ascent. Here, we discuss the processes that promote the ascent of magma to the E…
Geochemical volcano monitoring
The geochemistry of volcanic fluids is increasingly employed at volcano observatories worldwide to assess volcano activity state, and eruption potential. Here, we review the state…
Impact of GHG mitigation measures in sanitation service chains: A focus on septic tanks and sewers
Sanitation service chains (SSCs) often consist of a complex mix of different components, frequently involving the coexistence of non-sewered sanitation (e.g., septic tanks) and se…
Seafloor Geodesy Unveils Seismogenesis of Large Subduction Earthquakes in Mexico
Based on measurements of near-trench deformations of the oceanic and overriding plates, in this investigation, we elucidate the tectonic and mechanical processes leading to the Mw…
Frequency-dependent seismic radiation process of the 2024 Noto Peninsula earthquake from teleseismic P-wave back-projec…
A large devastating earthquake of Mw 7.5 struck the Noto Peninsula, Japan, on January 1st, 2024. Persistent seismic swarms have preceded the main rupture around the hypocenter sin…
Consideration of rupture kinematics increases tsunami amplitudes in far-field hazards assessments
Tsunamis are large surges of sea water caused by undersea earthquakes. To prepare for future tsunamis, scientists run computer simulations to estimate how big the waves might be a…
Fast climate impact emulation for global temperature scenarios with the Rapid Impact Model Emulator (RIME)
Climate model emulation has long been applied to assess the global climate outcomes of integrated assessment model (IAM)IAM emissions scenarios, but is typically limited to first-…
An Improved Methodology to Estimate Cross-Scale Kinetic Energy Transfers from Third-Order Structure Functions using Reg…
Several methods exist for estimating cross-scale kinetic energy (KE) transfers; however, most are ill-adapted for sparse ocean observations, hindering the study of oceanic KE tran…
First-order Control Factors for Ocean-bottom Ambient Seismology Interferometric Observations
Expanding the lower-frequency band of seismic energy sources, particularly below 2.0~Hz, is crucial for improving the stability and effectiveness of full waveform inversion (FWI).…
Ocean-bottom Seismic Interferometry in Coupled Acoustic-Elastic Media
Green’s function expressions for seismic interferometry in acoustic and elastic media have been extensively studied and applied across a wide range of applications, including surf…
Nanogeios Nanoliquid CO₂ – Performance Evaluation of Hybrid Nanofluid-Enhanced Liquid CO₂ for Advanced District and Dat…
This study presents a comprehensive evaluation of a novel hybrid nanofluid-enhanced liquid CO₂, engineered to address cooling challenges in water-scarce environments. Developed by…
Three times accelerated glacier area loss in Svalbard revealed by deep learning
The rapid warming in polar regions highlights the need to monitor climate change impacts such as glacier retreat and related global sea level rise. Glacier area is an essential cl…
Non-linear dynamical approaches for multi-sector climate resilience under irreducible uncertainty
Internal climate variability (ICV) remains a major source of uncertainty in climate projections, complicating impact assessments across critical sectors. Given that ICV emerges fr…
Weakening of AMOC linked to past Greenland Ice Sheet retreat
A weakening of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) is predicted to occur under multiple scenarios of future warming. However, the effect of meltwater from a dec…
Unprecedented Social-Ecological Impacts of the 2023 Extreme Drought in the Central Amazon
While the 2023 record-breaking drought led to widespread social-ecological impacts across Amazonia, local impacts of such extreme events are rarely described in detail. Here we le…
Generative Prior Transformation model for mineral resources evaluation and prediction (MineralGPT): A case study of pro…
Mineral resources are an important material foundation for economic and social development. The mineral resources evaluation and prediction will provide scientific basis for the d…
Enhancing the Normalized Difference Water Index for Improved Urban Flood Detection
Accurate urban flood detection is crucial for effective disaster management and urban planning. Traditional indices like the Normalized Difference Water Index and Modified Normali…
Understanding Compound Climate Hazards and Exposure from a Spatial Perspective: A Case Study for the Dosso Region, Niger
Compound climate hazards—where extreme events co-occur— pose increasing risks to our socio-ecological systems, yet their spatial dynamics remain poorly understood. We introduce a …
Global estimates of groundwater withdrawal trends and uncertainties
Groundwater, Earth’s largest source of liquid freshwater, is essential for sustaining ecosystems and meeting societal demands. However, accurately quantifying global groundwater w…
Holocene rapid (decades) multi-metre marine transgressions by climatically driven Antarctic ice-collapse events. Anothe…
The controversial 1961 'Fairbridge Curve' of Holocene global sea-level (SL), showing metre-scale (to ~5m) oscillations based on carbon-dated geological index points (SL 'benchmark…
Holocene oscillatory sea level: literature review and implications for imminent anthropogenic multi-metre transgression
The famous 1961 'Fairbridge Curve' of Holocene sea level (SL) shows metre-scale (up to ~5m) oscillations, based on a worldwide compilation of carbon-dated geological data-points. …
Geological review of English coastal archaeological evidence portending multi-metre sea-level rise by 2100
English archaeological literature, its sea-level significance hitherto underappreciated, is reviewed here from a geological (sedimentological) perspective. Five Roman-built (~300A…
Paddy Segmentation Using Google Earth Engine: A Remote Sensing Approach Abstract
Paddy field segmentation using remote sensing is crucial for agricultural monitoring, yield prediction, and resource allocation. In this research, we employ Google Earth Engine (G…
Timing of a future glaciation in view of anthropogenic climate change
Human activities are expected to delay the next glacial inception because of the long atmospheric lifetime of anthropogenic CO2. We present the first Earth system model simulation…
Impact of Urbanisation On Surface Temperature of Bangalore City
The city of Bangalore in India is well known for its IT industries and has certain geographical advantages that help maintain a pleasant climate throughout the year. At the same t…
locationallocation: solving Maximal Coverage Location-Allocation geospatial infrastructure assessment and planning prob…
Assessing and planning infrastructure and networks over space conditional to a spatially distributed demand and with consideration of accessibility and spatial justice goals and u…
Some mechanical and thermal manifestations of the 1908 Tunguska event near its epicenter
This paper is a continuation of a series of works, devoted to various aspects of the 1908 Tunguska event. It is devoted to some manifestations near the epicenter of the event. M…
The New Method of Estimation Greenhouse Effect and Climate Change
Global climate change is one of the major concerns of modern society. To estimate this change, the global mean temperature is often used. Measuring and calculating the Earth’s av…
Multi-decadal analysis of major global risk assessments reveals consistent biases and low predictive capacity
The World Economic Forum (WEF) Global Risk Reports (GRRs) are published annually with the aim to uncover the most pressing challenges facing the world. However, the GRR have been …
Warm deep ocean temperatures from clumped isotopes suggest high climate sensitivity in early Cenozoic hothouse
The early Cenozoic was characterized by the warmest climates and highest atmospheric CO2 levels of the past 85 Myrs. Reconstructions of deep ocean temperatures based on benthic fo…
Resolved tropical cyclones trigger CO2 uptake and phytoplankton bloom in an Earth system model simulation
The ocean carbon cycle is directly impacted by storms in the atmosphere. Tropical cyclones (TCs), particularly, are known to drive intense air-sea CO2 fluxes and to trigger phytop…
Physically consistent sectoral pathways for phasing out fossil fuels
The transition away from fossil fuels relies on electricity-producing renewable energy sources. To understand how much electricity is needed to substitute fossil fuels, sectors of…
Large reductions in United States heat extremes found in overshoot simulations with SPEAR
Increases in the intensity and frequency of heatwaves are already evident in the observational record, and these increases are expected to be further amplified in future climate p…
Fine-scale Segmentation and Spatiotemporal Variability of the 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule Aftershock Sequence Revealed by a Deep-…
We re-examine the aftershock sequence of the Mw 8.8 Maule earthquake in south-central Chile to understand how seismicity, magnitude-frequency distribution, and fault structure var…
City-Scale Digital Twin Framework for Flood Impact Analysis: Integrating Urban Infrastructure and Real-time Data Analyt…
Urban areas are increasingly vulnerable to flooding due to climate change and rapid urbanization. Traditional mapping and decision-support tools lack the capability to integrate r…
Interactive annular mode links jet stream-ocean coupling to decadal Northern Hemispheric warmth
The atmospheric jet stream governs the distribution and intensity of midlatitude weather systems and climate variability. In the Northern Hemisphere, meridional migrations of the …
Origin of the Harappan Ernestites: Geochemical Insights into Provenance and Fabrication
Advancements in stone bead technology, particularly in drilling techniques, emerged during the Indus Valley (Harappan) civilization. Long-constricted cylindrical drill bits, made …
Orogenic architecture diagrams to reconstruct paleogeography and plate tectonics: Newfoundland (Canada) as a case study
Reconstructing paleogeography from accretionary records is challenging due to the difficulty of integrating data sources from different specialized fields. Here, we present the ‘o…
A Data-Driven Method for Improving Historical Maps' Positional Accuracy
Positional accuracy improvement (PAI) of historical maps involves correcting their inherent geometric distortions, which often limit their usability in modern applications. Althou…
Towards HydroLLM: A Benchmark Dataset for Hydrology-Specific Knowledge Assessment for Large Language Models
The rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has enabled their integration into a wide range of scientific disciplines. This paper introduces a comprehensive benchmark da…
Reflections on the first State of the Map Conference in Malawi
State of the Map (SotM) conferences are important events that enable OpenStreetMap (OSM) contributors and users to present and discuss their work. However, when international SotM…
How to deal w___ missing input data
Deep learning hydrologic models have made their way from research to applications. More and more national hydrometeorological agencies, hydro power operators, and engineering cons…
Understanding Flood Risk in Public Transit Systems: Insights from Accessibility and Vulnerability Analysis in Iowa
Flooding is a major challenge for urban transportation systems, hindering access to essential services and jobs, especially for vulnerable populations. This study examines the imp…
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