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Deep-learning–based individual tree-crown (ITC) mapping has become increasingly prominent in remote sensing, yet rigorous validation of these predictions at large spatial scales r…

The northern Chilka Lake area stone quarries expose a high-grade terrane comprising a metapelitic suite interbanded with orthopyroxene-bearing gneisses and garnet-biotite leucogne…

Slow-slip events (SSEs) modulate the earthquake cycle in subduction zones, yet understanding their physics remains challenging due to sparse observations and high computational co…

This study presents a fully automated, Python-based framework for predicting shallow foundation settlements from pushed-in PENCEL pressuremeter (PPMT) data, using an adapted imple…

Organizational climate actions often prioritize greenhouse gas reductions without considering other impacts such as improved air quality from reduced fossil fuel use. While air qu…

Extreme fire weather receives substantial attention, yet conditions allowing readily manageable fire, or “good fire weather” remain less studied with no formal definition. We prop…

Urban areas are unique in form and function, and representing them in process-based models requires prescribing facet-level morphological and radiative properties, among others. M…

Chlorophyll-a serves as an important proxy for marine ecological productivity, and its dynamics playing pivotal role in the marine productivity, especially within the coral biodiv…

Long Island, New York and near coastal areas surrounding Long Island Sound are densely populated and, like other coastal areas, are susceptible to flooding from several potential …

Peridotite rocks are primary targets for engineered geological carbon sequestration efforts because they accommodate transfer carbon from aqueous fluids to rock during alteration …

Plastic pellet spills are a growing environmental concern, yet response strategies remain limited and poorly adapted. This study evaluates whether existing oil spill recovery tool…

Tropical cyclone (TC) seasonal landfall probability is challenging to forecast because of the limited seasonal predictability of steering flow patterns. Past studies mainly focus …

Floodplain communities face persistent and compounding challenges as climate change and urban development increase the frequency and severity of flooding events. This case study e…

Managing limited agricultural land to feed a growing population with changing diets requires understanding and managing tradeoffs associated with how crops are utilized. Here, we …

Mass-transport complexes (MTCs), the deposits of submarine slope failures and common features of sedimentary basins worldwide, can act as effective seals for hydrocarbons and carb…

This study presents a Monte Carlo basin modeling framework for quantifying uncertainty in source rock property predictions by integrating geological, geophysical, and geochemical …

This study examines the use of multitemporal vegetation cover analysis as a tool to assess the ecological effectiveness of judicial decisions that recognize the rights of nature, …

The NWS is actively expanding its multilingual outreach to better serve the 68.8 million U.S. individuals who speak a language other than English at home. Among these, 26.3 millio…

Reliable, comparable greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions data at the subnational level remain scarce, despite growing expectations for cities and regions to lead on climate action. Inc…

Realistic models of earthquake sequences can be simulated by assuming faults governed by rate-and-state friction embedded in an elastic medium. Exploring the possibility of using …

Abstract— The IPCC regards carbon dioxide as the most relevant driver of climate warming and their Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) refines this to a likely range of 2.5°C to 4.0°C a…

The lifecycle of volcanic fall deposits begins with explosive fragmentation, continues as particles rise through the atmosphere, and culminates with sedimentation on the ground. T…

Astrobiology, while traditionally focused on understanding the origin of life on Earth and the potential for life elsewhere, offers powerful tools and insights for addressing urge…

Deep geological repositories for the disposal of radioactive waste rely partly on the integrity of canisters and on the inhibition of microbial growth by the bentonite barrier for…

Holocene sea-level changes along the Atlantic coast of South America reflect a complex interplay between glacio-isostatic adjustment (GIA), regional tectonics, and local sedimenta…

Charnockite, an orthopyroxene-bearing granitic rock, is formed under high-temperature and high-pressure environments. Charnockite exhibits spectral characteristics similar to mafi…

Tectonic and geomorphological processes in East Africa have long shaped the environments within which hominins evolved, with the Afar Depression and adjacent Main Ethiopian Rift, …

Climate change is increasing the frequency and intensity of extreme events like heat waves, droughts, and storms, placing forests under growing physiological and mechanical stress…

Historical increases in desert dust have affected climate by perturbing Earth’s energy balance, including through interactions with longwave radiation that remain poorly quantifie…

Ice-marginal lakes are increasingly common around Greenland and are important for modulating glacier runoff and dynamics. This study investigates the evolution of a ~3 km2 and up …

This commentary addresses the model proposed by Morgado et al. (2024) in their paper, “Osmosis Drives Explosions and Methane Release in Siberian Permafrost.” The model explores th…

Despite significant advances in meteorological observation and modeling, the precise prediction of tornado occurrence remains a persistent challenge. Traditional forecasting appro…

Climate change is intensifying extreme weather events and posing complex challenges to human and natural systems. In parallel, rapid advances in artificial intelligence (AI) and m…

Quantifying source rock properties is essential for subsurface characterization but remains a high-dimensional and nonlinear inverse problem. A statistical rock physics inversion …

Climate-induced variability of solar and wind energy impacts renewable electricity scaling. Long duration renewable energy droughts, i.e., extended periods of renewable supply def…

Campi Flegrei caldera (Naples, southern Italy) is one of the most hazardous volcanoes on Earth, having produced more than 70 eruptions in the past 15 kyr, and currently showing si…

Zircon petrochronology of the Chaxas Volcanic Complex (N. Chile) reveals dynamic intrusive flux with a corresponding volcanic history that parallels pulses of the regional Altipla…

Due to spatial constraints in cities, it is increasingly challenging to integrate appropriate water sensitive urban design (WSUD) solutions. There has been a shift from larger, pr…

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is increasingly used to evaluate the environmental impacts of shrimp aquaculture, a rapidly expanding global food sector. However, existing shrimp LCA …

High temperature and short-term subsurface heat storage using BTES is a promising option and an emerging technology for increasing the fraction of renewable energy in the heat sec…

Future changes in high latitude shrubification are expected to lead to changes in ecosystem structure and positive climate feedbacks, but the rates and elevational range of shrubi…

Abstract Background Natural disasters such as floods, earthquakes, and hurricanes pose significant threats to human lives and infrastructure, particularly in low-lying regions of…

As large language models (LLMs) continue to expand, their effective adaptation to specialized fields remains a critical challenge. This work presents an initial step toward the de…

Crystal mushes – porous yet cohesive frameworks of crystals interspersed with interstitial melts – form the plumbing systems of most active volcanoes. In Iceland, magmatic plumbin…

This study examines the spatiotemporal dynamics of fluvial geomorphology along the Shire River floodplain in Malawi from 1975 to 2023, with emphasis on channel migration, width va…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown strong performance across natural language processing tasks, yet their general-purpose embeddings often fall short in domains with speciali…

Synchronized droughts threaten global food security, with concerns about increased frequency and duration under climate change. However, their long-term evolution and physical lim…

Natural hydrogen, generated by a range of geological processes in the Earth's crust, is emerging as a promising carbon-neutral energy source. However, systematic large-scale asses…

The Mediterranean Sea is warming rapidly, with profound implications for regional hydroclimate extremes. The Gulf of Genoa, a critical source region for European storm systems, ha…