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Showing 2701 to 2750 of 59105 works
Addressing lighting and bounding box accuracy for the Embedded Automated Generator of Labeled Images (EAGL-I) system
The Embedded Automated Generator of Labeled Images (EAGL-I) system is a tool for generating labeled images, particularly for data-driven methods, such as deep learning models. The…
Long-term trend in Black Carbon mass concentration over Central IGP location: Understanding the implied change in radia…
Black carbon (BC) has several direct, indirect, semi-direct, and microphysical effects on the Earth’s climate system. Analyses of the decade-long measurement of BC aerosols at Var…
Ocean Emulation with Fourier Neural Operators: Double Gyre
A data-driven emulator for the baroclinic double gyre ocean simulation is presented in this study. Traditional numerical simulations using partial differential equations (PDEs) of…
The Influence of Growth Faults on Submarine Canyons Development in the Niger Delta
This study explores geomorphology within canyons using 3D seismic imaging. It reveals crucial insights that underscore the relationship between growth faults, slope instability, a…
The Complete Annual Record of Sea Ice Volume Export Through Fram Strait as Observed by Satellite from 2010-2022.
Fram Strait is the primary pathway for sea ice export from the Arctic Ocean, yet estimates of volume export are constrained by observations of ice thickness and drift. Using a new…
The Influence of Subtropical Mode Water in Nutrients in the South Atlantic
The South Atlantic subtropical mode water (STMW) is characterized by a volume of water confined between the seasonal and permanent thermoclines. It is formed during the months of …
Valued peaks: sustainable water allocation for small hydropower plants in an era of explicit ecological needs
Optimising hydropower operations to balance economic profitability and support functioning ecosystem services is integral to river management policy. In this article, we propose a…
A Comprehensive Assessment of Carbon Dioxide Removal Options for Germany
To reach their net-zero targets, countries will have to compensate hard-to-abate CO 2 emissions through carbon dioxide removal (CDR). Yet, current assessments rarely include soc…
On the Formation of Earth and Celestial Bodies
Understanding the formation of the solar system can provide a simplified look at the universe at large. This is because we have a lot of evidence about the formation of our solar …
Uncertainty Quantification of Machine Learning Models to Improve Streamflow Prediction Under Changing Climate and Envir…
Machine learning (ML) models, and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks in particular, have demonstrated remarkable performance in streamflow prediction and are increasingly bein…
Utilizing high throughput phenotyping to evaluate and demonstrate herbicide and adjuvant efficacy
High throughput phenotyping has wide applications to evaluate genetic traits, plant growth and development in different biotic and abiotic stress environments, as well as under di…
Large-scale breeding applications of UAS enabled genomic prediction
Breeding for improved, reliable cultivars despite growing environment irregularity can be challenging. Unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) are a popular high-throughput phenotyping te…
Exploring Maize Stress Response Phenotypes via High-Throughput Imaging
This study aimed to investigate the physiological and morphological responses of maize seedlings to environmental stressors. High-throughput imaging analysis was used to character…
Salt stress using Chenopodium quinoa as a model plant
Chenopodium quinoa is an important crop known for its salt tolerance. Salinity is an osmotic stress and ions accumulation in the root zone causes a reduction in soil water availab…
Germination of Camelina sativa producing modified fatty acids under low temperature conditions
Plants store carbon as oil in their seeds, which is a resource that needs to be mobilized in order to germinate. Camelina sativa is a prospective biofuel crop which has the potent…
Diurnal Variation of Canopy NDVI in Maize and Soybean
As the world’s population grows and the demand for food rises, more attention has been paid to increase crop yields and enhance global food security. Modern remote sensing technol…
Solar zenith angle-based calibration of Himawari-8 land surface temperature based on MODIS spatiotemporal characteristi…
The geostationary Himawari-8 satellite offers a unique opportunity to monitor sub-daily thermal dynamics over Asia and Oceania, and several operational land surface temperature …
Future of Satellite Reentry and Earth’s Atmosphere: the Lifetime and Direct Radiative Forcing of Space Debris Reentry A…
Numerous satellite operators are building megaconstellations in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) with hundreds of satellites, placing new satellites and spent rocket stages in orbit. Once th…
Physiological and Digital Phenotyping of Drought Tolerance in Brassica Crops
Climate change poses a significant threat to agricultural systems, with drought becoming increasingly prevalent in the Canadian prairies. This study addresses the urgent need to e…
Illuminating the transition from an open to a semi-closed volcanic vent system through episodic tremor duration and sha…
Volcanic eruptions generate continuous or episodic tremor, which can provide unique information about activity changes during eruption. However, the wealth of information in episo…
Extreme dry advection dominates the record-breaking Yangtze River heatwave in midsummer of 2022
The Yangtze River Valley (YRV) experienced an unprecedented heatwave in midsummer of 2022, but the detailed physical processes involved in the influence of anomalous large-scale a…
Neural Network Models for Ionospheric Electron Density Prediction: A Neural Architecture Search Study
Specification and forecast ionospheric parameters, such as ionospheric electron density (Ne), have been an important topic in space weather and ionosphere research. Neural network…
Winter Dormancy and Spring Growth in Winter Wheat
Cold tolerance is of paramount importance for the survival of winter wheat, as failure to withstand low winter temperatures necessitates costly replanting during the spring season…
Unlocking the Potential of High-Resolution Satellite Imagery for Soybean Phenotyping and Maturity Estimation in Plant B…
Plant breeding programs demand efficient and accurate methods for crop phenotyping, especially for economically important crops like soybeans. Traditional manual assessment method…
Impact of surface turbulent fluxes on the formation of convective rolls in a Mediterranean windstorm
Convective rolls contribute largely to the exchange of momentum, sensible heat and moisture in the boundary layer. They have been shown to reinforce air-sea interaction under stro…
Garbage-In Garbage-Out (GIGO): The Use and Abuse of Combustion Modeling and Recent U.S. Spacelaunch Environmental Impac…
Although adequately detailed kerosene chemical-combustion Arrhenius reaction-rate suites were not readily available for combustion modeling until ca. the 1990’s (e.g., Marinov [19…
A Missing Piece of the E-Region Puzzle: The Need for High-Resolution Photoionization Cross Sections and Solar Irradianc…
Most ionospheric models cannot sufficiently reproduce the observed electron density profiles in the E-region ionosphere, since they usually underestimate electron densities. Mitig…
Automated seafloor massive sulfide detection through integrated image segmentation and geophysical data analysis: Revis…
Accessible seafloor minerals located near mid-ocean ridges are noticed to mitigate projected metal demands of the net-zero energy transition, promoting growing research interest i…
Positive Low Cloud Feedback Primarily Caused by Increasing Longwave Radiation from the Sea Surface in Two Versions of a…
Low cloud feedback in global warming projections by climate models is characterized by its positive sign, the mechanism of which is not well understood. Here we propose that the p…
Exhumation in the Anaconda Metamorphic Core Complex: Using detrital thermochronology to constrain Eocene extensional de…
Metamorphic core complexes (MCC) provide a rare glimpse into thermomechanical processes in the lithosphere and play a substantial role in the evolution of the crust. The North …
Intersatellite Comparisons of GOES Magnetic Field Measurements
GOES-16 and GOES-17 are the first of NOAA’s Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES)-R series of satellites. Each GOES-R satellite has a magnetometer mounted on th…
A Plate Motion Model of the Indo-Australian Tectonic Plate that Better Aligns with the Geodetic Coordinate System - Tow…
We present a class of “ellipsoidal rotation matrices” which can be used to characterise tectonic plate motion; where geocentric Cartesian coordinates travel along paths tangential…
Quantifying streambed grain sizes and hydro-biogeochemistry using YOLO and photos
Streambed grain sizes and hydro-biogeochemistry (HBGC) control river functions. However, measuring their quantities, distributions, and uncertainties is challenging due to the div…
Occurrence probability of magnetic field disturbances measured with Swarm: Mapping the dynamic magnetosphere-ionosphere…
The exchange of kinetic and electromagnetic energy by precipitation and/or outflow, and through field-aligned currents are two aspects of the ionosphere-magnetosphere coupling. A …
Satellites Show Aerosol's Impact on Summer Arctic Cloud Freezing
Arctic aerosols affect cloud properties and climate. However, the magnitudes and mechanisms are uncertain, as are how aerosol-cloud relationships might change in a rapidly warming…
Pore-scale fluid dynamics resolved in pressure fluctuations at the Darcy scale
Complex flow dynamics have been observed, at the pore-scale, during multiphase through porous rocks. These dynamics are not captured in large scale models exploring the migration …
Dendritic growth patterns in rocks: Inverting the driving and triggering mechanisms
Mineral precipitation can form complex patterns under non-equilibrium conditions, in which two representative patterns are rhythmic Liesegang stripes and fractal dendrites. Intere…
The expression of mantle seismic anisotropy in the global seismic wavefield
The dependence of seismic wavespeeds on propagation or polarization direction, called seismic anisotropy, is a relatively direct indicator of mantle deformation and flow. Mantle s…
Multi-Model Ensembles for Upper Atmosphere Models
Multi-model ensembles (MMEs) are used to improve the forecasts of thermospheric neutral densities. A variety of algorithms for constructing the model weights for the MMEs are desc…
Pico-phytoplankton contribute half of global marine carbon export
Earth System Models generally predict increasing upper ocean stratification from 21st century planetary warming, which will cause a decrease in the vertical nutrient flux resultin…
Moment Tensor Estimation of Event S1222a and Implications for Tectonics Near the Dichotomy Boundary in Southern Elysium…
On May 4th, 2022 the InSight seismometer SEIS recorded the largest marsquake ever observed, S1222a, with an initial magnitude estimate of Mw 4.7. Understanding the depth and sourc…
Embracing Uncertainty to Resolve Polar Wander: a Case Study of Cenozoic North America
Our understanding of Earth’s paleogeography relies heavily on paleomagnetic apparent polar wander paths (APWPs), which represent the time-dependent position of Earth’s spin axis r…
Focused mid-crustal magma intrusion during continental break-up in Ethiopia
Significant volumes of magma are intruded into the crust during continental break-up, which can influence rift evolution by altering thermo-mechanical structure of the crust and t…
Global Optimization of Soil Texture Maps from Satellite-Observed Soil Moisture Drydowns and Its Implementation in Noah-…
Soil moisture (SM) plays an important role in regulating regional weather and climate. However, the simulations of SM in current land surface models (LSMs) contain large biases an…
Micromechanics modeling on the prediction of soil-water characteristic curves
The soil-water characteristic curve (SWCC) plays an important role in the prediction of soil performance. To predict the water film thickness on the surface of grains, a chemical …
Shear-driven formation of olivine veins by dehydration of ductile serpentinite: a numerical study with implications for…
Serpentinite subduction and associated dehydration vein formation are important for subduction zone dynamics and water cycling. Field observations suggest that en échelon olivine …
Are Volatiles from Subducted Ridges on the Pampean Flat Slab Fracking the Crust? Evidence from an Enhanced Seismicity C…
Seamounts and ridges are often invoked to explain subduction-related phenomena, but the extent of their involvement remains controversial. An analysis of seismicity in the region …
An introductory review of the thermal structure of subduction zones: I. Motivation and selected examples
The thermal structure of subduction zones is fundamental to our understanding of physical and chemical processes that occur at active convergent plate margins. These include magma…
Salinity Management in the World’s Most Saline Dam Reservoir: The Gotvand Reservoir, Iran
The Gotvand dam was built on the most important Iranian river to support a number of populated cities with freshwater, provide irrigation water for million hectares of fertile far…
Wind- and sea-ice-driven interannual variability of Antarctic Bottom Water formation
Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) is a major component of the global overturning circulation, originating around the Antarctic continental margin. In recent decades AABW has both warm…
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