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Cotton fibers in the Gossipyum genus are the foundation of a multi-billion-dollar textile industry. Fiber development begins as unicellular trichoblasts emerge from the seed coat …

Modern agriculture increasingly relies on non-invasive techniques for plant health monitoring. Touch-based proximal hyperspectral imaging (HSI), where sensors directly clamp onto …

Nitrogen fertilizers are one of the top expenses for corn farmers in North America, and the highest cost of any input over a growing season. The success of developing better strat…

The flowering date of sunflowers is a crucial trait that significantly influences crop management practices and product placement. This trait can be measured by counting the numbe…

Humid heatwaves, characterized by high temperature and humidity combinations, challenge tropical societies. Extreme wet-bulb temperatures (TW) over tropical land are coupled to th…

The Hikurangi Margin east of New Zealand’s North Island hosts an extensive gas hydrate province with numerous gas hydrate accumulations related to the faulted structure of the acc…

Direct geological information in Antarctica is limited to ice free regions along the coast, high mountain ranges or isolated nunataks. Therefore, indirect methods are required to …

Atmospheric rivers (ARs) and Santa Ana winds (SAWs) are impactful weather events for California communities. Emergency planning efforts and resource management would benefit from …

Below the equator, the preeminent tourist attraction in the late nineteenth century was the White Terraces of Lake Rotomahana in New Zealand.

Autonomous robot platforms are increasingly being explored as a solution to critical problems in agriculture and in particular high-throughput field-phenotyping for crop-improveme…

The ability to rapidly simulate the climate implications of a large number of CO2 emissions trajectories is helpful for implementing mitigation and adaptation policies. A key vari…

Upscaling flux tower measurements based on machine learning (ML) algorithms is an essential approach for large-scale net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) estimation, but existing ML u…

Weekly to quarterly beach elevation surveys spanning 700-800 m alongshore and 8 years at two beaches were each supplemented with several months of ∼100 sub-weekly surveys. These b…

We face unprecedented resource stresses in the 21st Century such as global climate disruptions, freshwater scarcity, expanding energy demands, and the threat of global pandemics. …

Past emission controls in the UK have substantially reduced precursor emissions of health-hazardous fine particles (PM 2.5 ) and nitrogen pollution detrimental to ecosystems. Stil…

The coupling at the interface between tectonic plates is a key geophysical parameter to capture the frictional locking across plate boundaries, and provides a means to estimate wh…

This study investigates how climate sensitivity depends upon the spatial pattern of radiative forcing. Sensitivity experiments using a coupled ocean-atmosphere model were conducte…

Storage and release of surface water by reservoirs can alter the natural streamflow pattern of rivers with negative impacts on the environment. Such reservoir-driven river regulat…

We show that the return-point memory of cyclic macroscopic trajectories enables the derivation of a thermodynamic framework for quasistatically driven dissipative systems with mul…

Clouds are critical to the biodiversity and function of Tropical Montane Cloud Forests (TMCF). These ecosystems provide vital services to humanity and are considered hotspots of e…

Characterizing climate change impacts on water resources typically relies on Global Climate Model (GCM) outputs that are bias-corrected using observational datasets. In this proce…

The land sink of anthropogenic carbon emissions, a crucial component of mitigating climate change, is primarily attributed to the CO₂ fertilization effect on global gross primary …

While the livelihoods of Somalian livestock smallholders are rely heavily on seasonal climate conditions, little is known of long-term implications of the changing climate for thi…

In various research fields such as hydrogeology, environmental science and energy engineering, geological formations with fractures are frequently encountered. Accurately characte…

As one of the largest supplied grain crops, corn plants often require a significant amount of nitrogen fertilizer for optimal yield. However, excessive fertilizer usage can lead…

This study explores cross-species variations in structural metrics derived from individual tree lidar scans and analyzes the structural characteristics of trees at both the indivi…

Early detection of plant stress is important, particularly in the face of unpredictable climates. Conventional methods of phenotyping, while useful, lack the ability to provide no…

This paper presents a method to analyze and improve the set of equations constituting a rainfall-runoff model structure based on a combination of a data assimilation algorithm and…

Ground Pi-2 pulsations comprise superpositions of various modal components of shear and fast Alfven waves, field line resonance, and plasmaspheric resonances. These complex wavefo…

Vegetation Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) is the single largest carbon flux of the terrestrial biosphere which, in turn, is responsible for sequestering $25-30\%$ of anthropogen…

Image segmentation is commonly used to estimate the location and shape of plants and their external structures. Segmentation masks are then used to localize landmarks of interest …

As part of the REgional Carbon Cycle Assessment and Processes Phase 2 (RECCAP2) project, we developed a comprehensive African Greenhouse gases (GHG) budget for the period 2010-201…

Plant phenotyping plays a crucial part in the development of new crop genotypes. In this study, the applicability of relatively simple commercially available digital phenotyping d…

Roots are vital for crop development, facilitating water and nutrient uptake, adapting to soil conditions, and supporting above-ground plant growth. Sorghum, a climate-resilient a…

Climate feedbacks are vital in shaping the extent of global warming. While directly observing climate feedbacks is hardly feasible, it is possible to establish a relationship betw…

Attributing sources of tropical cyclogenesis (TCG) bias to large-scale circulation in global circulation models is challenging. Here, we propose the use of empirical orthogonal fu…

The quest for finding extraterrestrial life has been a fascination for humanity for centuries, yet we have not yet found any concrete evidence of life beyond our planet, except fo…

During the NASA Perseverance rover’s exploration of the Jezero crater floor, purple-hued coatings were commonly observed on rocks. These features likely record past water-rock-atm…

Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) consists of more than 30 monostatic high-frequency (HF, 10-18~MHz) radars which utilise signals scattered from decameter-scale ionosph…

High-latitude winter warming was observed following strong tropical volcanism, which has long been believed to be due to the volcanic-induced positive NAO phase. However, recent w…

This study represents a pioneering endeavor in estimating the biodegradability of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in river systems thanks to high-frequency dissolved oxygen (DO) da…

We present a novel Overlapped Cloud Motion Vectors (OCMVs) deriving algorithm using the Himawari-8 satellite. A multi-layer Cloud Top Heights (CTHs) retrieving model based on mult…

Because they are conceptually unable to consider events at the sub-annual scale, probabilistic flood analyses based on annual maxima (AM) underestimate the actual frequency of fre…

Aqueous S[IV] species (HSO 3 − , SO 3 2− ) derived from volcanogenic atmospheric SO 2 are  important to planetary habitability through their roles in proposed origins-of-life chem…

In precision agriculture and plant biology, monitoring nutrient stress in crops is of paramount importance for ensuring optimal yield and resource utilization. However, nutrient s…

The Mediterranean region is experiencing pronounced aridification and in certain areas higher occurrence of intense precipitation. In this work, we analyze the evolution of the ra…

The Cenozoic evolution of the Himalaya-Tibet Plateau, dictated by the India-Asia convergence, remains a subject of substantial ambiguity. Here, a thermo-mechanical model is used t…

This study develops an explainable variational autoencoder (VAE) framework to efficiently generate high-fidelity local circulation patterns in Taiwan, ensuring an accurate represe…

Using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model with two planetary boundary layer schemes, ACM2 and MYNN, convection-permitting model (CPM) regional climate simulations wer…

The permeability coefficient of seepage is an important factor that is widely used in various engineering fields. There are numerous issues that influence the permeability coeffic…