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Showing 2201 to 2250 of 59105 works
Are seasonal deposits in spring at the Martian North Pole much shallower than previously thought?
The seasonal deposition and sublimation of CO 2 constitute a major element in the Martian volatile cycle. Here, we propose to use the shadow variations of the ice blocks at the fo…
Radiocarbon Measurements Reveal Underestimated Fossil CH4 and CO2 Emissions in London
Radiocarbon (14C) is a powerful tracer of fossil emissions because fossil fuels are entirely depleted in 14C, but observations of 14CO2 and especially 14CH4 in urban regions are s…
Return to Earth: A New Mathematical Model of the Earth's Climate
In this paper we use the inverse modelling technique, first applied to the atmosphere of the planet Venus, to demonstrate that the process of convective atmospheric mass motion ca…
The characteristics of mesoscale convective system rainfall over Europe
Mesoscale Convective Systems (MCS) are common over Europe and can produce severe weather, including extreme precipitation, which can lead to flash floods. The few studies analyzin…
Polar vortex strength impacts on the longitudinal structure of thermospheric composition and ionospheric electron densi…
This work examines the weak stratospheric polar vortex (SPV) event of February 2008 and the strong SPV event of February 2021 to understand the potential influence of SPV strength…
An Analysis of the Earth's Energy Budget
In this paper we quantify and attribute by inspection the constituent elements of the power intensity radiant flux transmission for the atmosphere of the Earth, as recorded in the…
Accuracy Assessment of Numerical Morphological Models based on Reduced Saint-Venant Equations
Sustainable river management often requires long-term morphological simulations. As the future is unknown, uncertainty needs to be accounted for, which may require probabilistic s…
On the resolving power of (an)isotropic tomography: a seismo-geodynamics approach
Seismic anisotropy is key to constrain mantle flow, but it is challenging to image and interpret it. To better understand the robustness of anisotropy tomography, we create a 2-D …
Persistent pitch angle anisotropies of relativistic electrons in the outer radiation belts
Pitch Angle Distributions in the radiation belts are well characterized with sinnα. By tracking the exponent ‘n’, termed Pitch Angle Index, we are able to observe persistent and c…
Monochromatic Pc5 Modulations of the Ionospheric Velocities and TEC and GOES-16 Magnetic Field Associated with Repeated…
This study presents ultra-low frequency (ULF) Pc5 discrete spectrum simultaneously observed in the magnetosphere and high- to low-latitude ionospheres near noon hours (~10-14 MLT)…
Hypoxic Blackwater Events - Identifying High Risk Catchments in Estuaries Now and Under Future Climate Scenarios
Hypoxic blackwater events occur worldwide, affecting inland and coastal waters. These events have been exacerbated by man-made floodplain drainage, leading to large-scale fish kil…
The Impact of Orbital Precession on Air-Sea CO$_{2}$ Exchange in the Southern Ocean
Orbital precession has been linked to glacial cycles and the atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration, yet the direct impact of precession on the carbon cycle is not well un…
Regional Precipitation Sensitivity is Sensitive to Changes in Cross-Equatorial Ocean Heat Transport
Weakening of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) with greenhouse gas forcing is a common feature in most Earth System Models (ESMs). Here, we show that uncertai…
The Application of the Dynamic Atmosphere Energy Transport Climate Model (DAET) to Earth's Semi-Opaque Troposphere
The objective of this work is to apply the Dynamic-Atmosphere Energy Transport (DAET) climate model to a study of the Earth's semi-opaque troposphere. In this analysis the concept…
Genome to phenome: tools to hit the target in soybean (Glycine max) and maize (Zea mays) testing
With increasing demands for sustainable food production, expediting innovation within the development of agricultural products is paramount for Bayer and similar companies. We use…
Reimaging academic integrity through the lenses of ethics of care and restorative justice to establish a culture of …
The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted many aspects of human life, including the higher education sector, which had to switch to emergency remote teaching and learning (ERTL). This trans…
Two classes of equatorial magnetotail dipolarization fronts observed by Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission: A statistica…
We carried out a statistical study of equatorial dipolarization fronts (DFs) detected by the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission (MMS) during the full 2017 Earth’s magnetotail seaso…
UNetKF: Ensemble U-Net Kalman Filter
Machine learning techniques have seen a tremendous rise in popularity in weather and climate sciences. Data assimilation (DA), which combines observations and numerical models, ha…
The Symbolic Meaning of Sunlight in Mithraism
Mithraism is an ancient religious tradition that predates Zoroastrianism and centers around the worship of Mithra, an Iranian god associated with various aspects, including the su…
Genome-Wide Association study for root nodulation in field Soybean.
Nitrogen is a crucial nutrient for soybean growth and production. Enhancing soybean crop yield is essential to address the growing challenge of ensuring food security. While nodul…
Classification of Solar Flares using Data Analysis and Clustering of Active Regions
We devised a new data analysis technique to identify the threat level of solar active regions by processing a combined data set of magnetic field parameters and flaring activity. …
Characterizing Ice Nucleating Particles over the Southern Ocean using Simultaneous Aircraft and Ship Observations
Supercooled liquid clouds are ubiquitous over the Southern Ocean (SO), even to temperatures below -20 °C, and comprise a large fraction of the marine boundary layer (MBL) clouds. …
Accelerating subglacial hydrology for ice sheet models with deep learning methods
Subglacial drainage networks regulate the response of ice sheet flow to surface meltwater input to the subglacial environment. Simulating subglacial hydrology evolution is critica…
The cost of imperfect knowledge: how epistemic uncertainties influence flood hazard assessments
Classical approaches to flood hazard are obtained by the concatenation of a recurrence model for the events (i.e. an extreme river discharge) and an inundation model that propagat…
Melt network reorientation and crystallographic preferred orientation development in sheared partially molten rocks
As partially molten rocks deform, they develop melt preferred orientations, shape preferred orientations, and crystallographic preferred orientations (MPOs, SPOs and CPOs). We inv…
Trends in seasonal mean speciated aerosol composition in remote areas of the United States from 2000 through 2021
Large reductions in anthropogenic emissions of particulate matter and its precursor emissions have occurred since the enactment of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990. The Intera…
Increasing Fire Activity in African Tropical Forests is Associated with Land Use and Climate Change
Fires were historically rare in tropical forests of West and Central Africa, where dense vegetation, rapid decomposition, and high moisture limit available fuels. However, increas…
Io's Long-Wavelength Topography as a Probe for a Subsurface Magma Ocean
We investigate how spatial variations in tidal heating affect Io’s isostatic topography at long wavelengths. The difference between the hydrostatic shape implied by Io’s gravity f…
The X-pattern Merging of the Equatorial Ionization Anomaly Crests
A unique phenomenon {\textendash} merging of Equatorial Ionization Anomaly (EIA) crests, leading to an X-pattern (EIA-X) around the magnetic equator {\textendash} has been observe…
F1 region ion composition in Svalbard during the International Polar Year 2007-2008
Ions in the F region ionosphere at 150-400 km altitude consist mainly of molecular NO+ and O2+, and atomic O+. Incoherent scatter (IS) radars are sensitive to the molecular-to-ato…
Assessing the Webb-Pearman-Leuning Formula in Estimating CO2 Flux at a Tropical Coast
The Webb-Pearman-Leuning (WPL) formula is used to minimize the overestimate CO 2 flux by open-path gas analyzer and eddy covariance methods. However, its effectiveness for tropi…
The effect of increased water vapor from the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai eruption on the Antarctic ozone hole
The eruption of the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai volcano on 15 January 2022 was one of the most explosive eruptions of the last decades. The unprecedented amount of water vapor injec…
Development of a multi-layer canopy model for E3SM Land Model with support for heterogeneous computing
The vertical structure of vegetation canopies creates micro-climates, which can substantially affect ecosystem responses to climate change. However, the land components of most Ea…
Wave-Induced Motion and Drag Reduction of Kelp
It is well known that the motion of flexible vegetation leads to drag reduction in comparison to rigid vegetation. In this study, we use a numerical model to investigate how the d…
Does Stress Drop Positively or Negatively Correlate With Rupture Speed?
Rupture speed Vr and stress drop Δτ are two key parameters that can characterize earthquake source and the associated potential for ground shaking. Despite their importance, a con…
PCSSR-DNNWA: A Physical Constraints Based Surface Snowfall Rate Retrieval Algorithm Using Deep Neural Networks With Att…
Global surface snowfall rate estimation is crucial for hydrological and meteorological applications but is still a challenging task. We present a novel approach to comprehensively…
Impact of updating vegetation information on land surface model performance
Vegetation plays a fundamental role in modulating the exchange of water, energy, and carbon fluxes between the land and the atmosphere. These exchanges are modelled by Land Surfac…
P51C-02 PRESSURE DEFICIT IN GALE CRATER AND A LARGER NORTHERN POLAR CAP AFTER THE GLOBAL DUST STORM OF MARS YEAR 34
In past global dust storms, no long lasting anomalies in the pressure cycle had been observed. The Global Dust Storm of Mars Year 34 (MY34), however, left behind an average surf…
Cloud Responses to Abrupt Solar and CO2 Forcing Part II: Adjustment to Forcing in Coupled Models
In this paper we examine differences in cloud adjustments (often called rapid adjustments) that occur as a direct result of abruptly increasing the solar constant by 4% or abruptl…
Impact of Predictor Variables on Estimates of Global Sea-Air CO2 Fluxes Using an Extra Trees Machine Learning Approach
Monthly global sea-air CO2 flux estimates from 1998-2020 are produced by extrapolation of surface water fugacity of CO2 (fCO2w) observations using an Extra-trees (ET) machine lear…
Quantifying landfill emission potential using a weakly coupled particle filter
The emission potential, which represents the total leachable mass in landfill waste body, is hard to measure directly. Therefore we propose to quantify it by assimilating availabl…
A Synthesis of Global Coastal Ocean Greenhouse Gas Fluxes
The coastal ocean contributes to regulating atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations by taking up carbon dioxide (CO2) and releasing nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4). Major …
Inverse Climate Modelling Study of the Planet Venus
The terrestrial planet Venus is classified by astronomers as an inferior planet because it is located closer to the Sun than the Earth. Venus orbits the Sun at a mean distance of …
Multi Satellite Observation of a Foreshock Bubble Causing an Extreme Magnetopause Expansion
The interaction of a solar wind discontinuity with the backstreaming particles of the Earth’s ion foreshock can generate hot, tenuous plasma transients such as foreshock bubbles (…
Reducing Southern Ocean biases in the FOCI climate model
We explore the sensitivity of Southern Ocean surface and deep ocean temperature and salinity biases in the FOCI coupled climate model to atmosphere-ocean coupling time step and to…
Not Enough: Efforts to Diversify Biogeosciences Benefit Limited Segment of Society
We examined data from the American Geophysical Union (AGU), the world’s largest earth and space science society, to characterize cohort demographics of multiple milestones in a bi…
Eye in the Sky: Hyperspectral Imaging for Sustainable Nitrogen Management in Vegetables
Snap beans and kidney beans are poor nitrogen fixers and need nitrogen (N) fertilizer. However, excessive application of N leads to groundwater contamination. The traditional way …
Distribution related to all samples and extreme events in the ETAS cluster
Earthquake forecasting is a challenging goal for seismologists and geophysicists due to the complex nature of the earthquake phenomenon. Delivering reliable forecasts is crucial f…
Crustal heterogeneity of Antarctica signals spatially variable radiogenic heat production
Crustal structure controls geothermal heat flux which is a key basal boundary conditions for ice-sheet flow in Antarctica. The crustal thickness of Antarctica is well resolved at …
Intercomparison of initialization methods for Seasonal-to-Decadal Climate Predictions with the NorCPM
Initialization is essential for accurate seasonal-to-decadal (S2D) climate predictions. The initialization schemes used differ on the component initialized, the Data Assimilation …
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