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The Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) satellite provides a groundbreaking view of sea surface height across a 120 km-wide swath, opening new opportunities to reconstruct v…

The Congo River represents one of the largest freshwater discharges in the Atlantic Ocean. In this study, we investigate the role of mesoscale and submesoscale dynamics in modulat…

This study presents expanded and updated normalized economic damage estimates for continental US landfalling hurricanes and tropical storms from 1900 to 2023. Here we refine our p…

The valley region ionosphere spans from approximately 120 – 200 km in altitude, and hosts a wide range of plasma, neutral, and solar interactions that create and maintain the iono…

We present a community effort to assess how open science can advance heliophysics and space weather modeling. Open science has the potential to enhance the quality and pace of sci…

Understanding the response of extreme precipitation (EP) at a city scale to global warming is critical to protect a city from the risks of urban flooding under climate change. Yet…

Coastal cities face recurrent flooding from storm events and rising seas. A contributing factor to flooding in these low relief areas is the groundwater table, which, already rela…

Experiment and observation have established the centrality of oxygen fugacity (fO2) to determining the course of igneous differentiation, and so the development and application of…

We show how, in convection resolving configurations of the Icosahedral Non-hydrostatic Model (ICON), reducing the fall speeds of rain and ice leads to a stronger gravity wave grou…

We examine the historical evolution and projected changes in the hydrography of the deep basin of the Arctic Ocean in 23 climate models participating in the Coupled Model Intercom…

In this study, we investigate the effective resolution of deterministic AI weather prediction models. We find that an ideal, perfectly trained AI model follows the mean of the pre…

Impacts of climate change on agricultural water demands are deeply uncertain due to complex interactions between precipitation, temperature, and growing season dynamics. For the d…

The 2025 Mw 7.6 Aomori-Oki earthquake nucleated near the 1968 Mw 8.3 Tokachi-Oki rupture area. Our waveform inversion reveals a highly asymmetric rupture extending ~100 km along-d…

February-March 2020 was marked by highly anomalous large-scale circulations in the Northern extratropical troposphere and stratosphere. The Atlantic jet reached extreme strength, …

Atmospheric deposition of micro-nutrients like Fe has been shown to be important for ocean biogeochemistry. The largest source of atmospheric Fe and other elements (e.g., Ca, Al, …

Simulating reactive dissolution of solid minerals in porous media has many subsurface applications, including carbon capture and storage (CCS), geothermal systems and oil & gas re…

We present SatGEM-2, a new version of the Satellite Gravest Empirical Mode (SatGEM) Atlas for the circumpolar Southern Ocean, incorporating all available CTD and Argo profile data…

Abstract. Accurate aerodynamic modeling is essential for load calculation and optimization of modern wind turbine blades, which are increasingly flexible and may exhibit substanti…

Abstract. Cities are major sources of global carbon. Accurately quantifying urban-scale carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes is essential for supporting targeted emission reduction policie…

Abstract. Extreme temperature changes from one day to another, either associated with warming or cooling, can have a significant impact on health, environment, and society. Previo…

Abstract. Extreme temperature swings from one day to the next, whether warming or cooling, can significantly impact human health, ecosystems, and the economy. These effects may be…

Abstract. Combining observations from multiple optical satellite missions is essential for building consistent, multi-decadal records of Earth’s surface and atmosphere, but it req…

Abstract. Extreme temperature changes from one day to another that are associated with either warming or cooling can have a significant impact on health, the environment, and soci…

Abstract. Extreme temperature swings from one day to the next, whether warming or cooling, can significantly impact human health, ecosystems, and the economy. These effects may be…

Abstract. Tropical cloud prediction over the Maritime Continent remains challenging for numerical weather prediction models, largely due to uncertainties in cloud microphysics par…

Abstract. One way to improve hydrological predictions in data-sparse regions is to assimilate satellite data of water cycle components into the calibration of hydrological models.…

Abstract. Sulfates represent a critical constituent of atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM2.5), significantly influencing air quality and climate dynamics. Precise quantificat…

Abstract. We consider two very different types of models of precipitating open-cell stratocumulus clouds. The first model type is a computationally expensive large eddy simulation…

Abstract. Natural gas is widely used for household cooking, with methane (CH4), its main component, being a potent short-lived greenhouse gas (GHG). While a much cleaner alternati…

Abstract. Natural gas is widely used for household cooking, with methane (CH4), its main component, being a potent short-lived greenhouse gas (GHG). While often seen as a cleaner …

Abstract. Long-term and spatially consistent sea-level anomaly (SLA) products derived from satellite altimetry are fundamental for sea-level and climate change studies. In this st…

Abstract. Bioaerosols are one of the main types of aerosols originating from the Earth’s biosphere and are widely found in the atmosphere. They possess both biological attributes …

Abstract. The western Peloponnese exhibits a continuum of earthquake faulting styles that reside in a complex stress field near the western termination of the Hellenic Subduction …