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Showing 2151 to 2200 of 59105 works
Patterns of Alluviation in Mixed Bedrock-Alluvial Channels: 1. Numerical Model
Mixed bedrock-alluvial rivers can exhibit partial alluvial cover, which may play an important role in controlling bedrock erosion rates and landscape evolution. However, numerical…
Our Hot Future Has Arrived-Are we Prepared?
Climate change has significantly enhanced dangerous heat events. Many of our institutions are ill-prepared to provide science-informed and rapid interventions to confront this. Th…
Mechanistic understanding of the summer precipitation and recent wetting trend over Northwest China and Mongolia
The arid region of Northwest China and Mongolia (NCM) receives most of the precipitation in the summer. The need for a better understanding of the synoptic-scale mechanism respons…
Exploring the mechanisms of the soil moisture-air temperature hypersensitive coupling regime
High temperature extremes accompanied by drought have led to serious ramifications for environmental and socio-economic systems. Thus, improving the predictability of heat-wave ev…
Saturation of destratifying and restratifying instabilities during down-front wind events: a case study in the Irminger…
Observations indicate that symmetric instability is active in the East Greenland Current during strong northerly wind events. Theoretical considerations suggest that baroclinic in…
Channel morphological activation of large braided rivers in response to climate-driven water and sediment flux change i…
With the rising air temperature and precipitation, water and sediment flux in the Source Region of the Yangtze River have increased significantly since 2000. Nonetheless, the resp…
Martian Dust Storms Wind Load on Astronaut
The reality of living on Mars is closer than ever before. For years science fiction writers and movie producers have presumed powerful Martian dust storms capable of catastrophic …
Robust and irreversible impacts of an AMOC collapse on tropical monsoon systems: a multi-model comparison
A collapse of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) would have substantial impacts on global precipitation patterns, especially in the vulnerable tropical monsoon…
Response of siliceous marine organisms to Permian-Triassic climate crisis based on new findings from central Spitsberge…
Siliceous marine ecosystems play a critical role in climate regulation and the severe impact of the Permian-Triassic mass extinction on silica-secreting animals may have contribut…
Free infragravity waves on the inner shelf: Observations and Parameterizations at two Southern California beaches
Co-located pressure and velocity observations in 10-15m depth are used to estimate the relative contribution of bound and free infragravity (IG) wave energy to the IG wave field. …
Investigation of Large Scale Traveling Atmospheric/Ionospheric Disturbances using the Coupled SAMI3 and GITM Models
We present simulation results of the vertical structure of Large Scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances (LSTIDs) during synthetic geomagnetic storms. These data are produced usi…
On Convection During Vb-Cyclone Events in Present and Warmer Climate
Summer extreme flooding in Central Europe is often associated with Vb-cyclones which travel through the Mediterranean, then northwards east of the Alps towards Central Europe. Ext…
Double Mass Plots reveal a marked decrease in the water yield of a Lower Mekong River watershed in 1985 from cutting th…
In most, but not all of the scientific literature, cutting of forested watershed results in an increase in water yield of a watershed. In this study, a double-mass plot of the cum…
Segmented up-bending of the Arabian continental plate revealed by Pn attenuation tomography
The Zagros orogen in the Iranian Plateau is a natural laboratory in which to investigate the tectonic evolution of the transition from oceanic subduction to continental collision.…
The Benefits and Challenges of Downscaling a Global Reanalysis with Doubly-Periodic Large-Eddy Simulations
Global reanalyses like ERA5 accurately capture atmospheric processes at spatial scales of O(10) km or larger. By downscaling ERA5 with large-eddy simulation (LES), LES can provide…
The location of large-scale soil moisture anomalies affects moisture transport and precipitation over southeastern Sout…
Southeastern South America (SESA) is a highly productive agricultural region and a hot spot for land-atmosphere interactions. To evaluate the impact of dry soil moisture anomalies…
New Experimental Constraints on Clumped Isotope Bond Reordering in Dolomite
The conditions controlling the formation of sedimentary dolomite are still poorly understood despite decades of research. Reconstructing formation temperatures and δ18O of fluids …
Ultra-fast Kelvin wave packets in Mars’ Atmosphere and their Interactions with Tides as Viewed by MAVEN/NGIMS and MRO/M…
A key element of successful aerobraking operations at Mars is accurate thermospheric density predictions. Evidence suggests that much of the longitude variability in Mars’ aerobra…
Global climatology of low-level-jets: occurrence, characteristics, and meteorological drivers
Low-level jets (LLJs), wind speed maxima in the lower troposphere, impact several environmental and societal phenomena. In this study we take advantage of the spatially and tempor…
Probabilistic Short-Term Solar Driver Forecasting with Neural Network Ensembles
Space weather indices are used to drive forecasts of thermosphere density, which directly affects objects in low-Earth orbit (LEO) through atmospheric drag force. A set of proxies…
Improving GCM-based decadal ocean carbon flux predictions using observationally-constrained statistical models
Initialized climate model simulations have proven skillful for near-term predictability of the key physical climate variables. By comparison, predictions of biogeochemical fields …
Regionalization of Climate Elasticity Preserves Dooge's Complementary Relationship
Climate elasticity of streamflow represents a nondimensional measure of the sensitivity of streamflow to climatic factors. Estimation of such elasticities from observational recor…
Reliable precipitation nowcasting using probabilistic diffusion model
Precipitation nowcasting is a crucial element in current weather service systems. Data-driven methods have proven highly advantageous, due to their flexibility in utilizing detail…
Modeling the Dynamic Global Distribution of the Ring Current Oxygen Ions Using Artificial Neural Network Technique
The ring current is an important component of the Earth’s near-space environment, as its variations are the direct driver of geomagnetic storms that can disrupt power grids, satel…
Investigation on three-dimensional marine dune modelling validation
The comparison of a morphodynamic model results with observations is an essential part to establish its credibility. In the past multiple model were validated against observations…
Cloud Responses to Abrupt Solar and CO2 Forcing Part I: Temperature Mediated Cloud Feedbacks
The third phase of the Cloud Feedback Model Intercomparison Project requested that modeling centers perform a pair of simulations where the climate system is subjected to an abrup…
A hybrid, non-stationary Stochastic Watershed Model (SWM) for uncertain hydrologic projections under climate change
Stochastic Watershed Models (SWMs) are emerging tools in hydrologic modeling used to propagate uncertainty into model predictions by adding samples of model error to deterministic…
Improved cloud phase retrievals based on remote-sensing observations have the potential to decrease the Southern Ocean …
Accurately identifying liquid water layers in mixed-phase clouds is crucial for estimating cloud radiative effects. Lidar-based retrievals are limited in optically thick or multil…
Implementation and Exploration of Parametrizations of Large-Scale Dynamics in NCAR's Single Column Atmosphere Model SCA…
A single column model with parameterized large-scale dynamics is used to better understand the response of steady-state tropical precipitation to relative sea surface temperature …
A multi-chemistry modelling framework to enable flexible and reproducible water quality simulations in existing hydro-m…
This work advances the cross-model deployment of ecological and biogeochemical simulation capabilities in existing process-based hydro-modeling tools, which we term “Open Water Qu…
Computing geographical networks generated by air-mass movement
The movement of air masses within the troposphere transport a multitude of particles, and hence generate air highway connecting distant areas at the local, continental and global …
Numerical investigation of the refractive properties of near-horizontal shore platforms and their effects on harmonic a…
Near-horizontal shore platforms display highly irregular plan shapes, but little is known about the way in which these irregularities influence the significant wave height (Hs) on…
Sensitivity of GNSS-Derived Estimates of Terrestrial Water Storage to Assumed Earth Structure
Geodetic methods can monitor changes in terrestrial water storage (TWS) across large regions in near real-time. Here, we investigate the effect of assumed Earth structure on TWS e…
Global distribution changes in coccolithophore blooms
The global distribution of high Remote-sensing reflectance (Rrs) waters visible from satellite, likely associated with coccolithophore blooms, has changed markedly over the past 4…
Prior with Far-Field Stress Approximation for Ensemble-Based Data Assimilation in Naturally Fractured Reservoirs
Fractures are frequently encountered in reservoirs used for geothermal heat extraction, CO2 storage, and other subsurface applications. Their significant impact on flow and transp…
WWLLN Energetic Lightning Events are Different from Optical Superbolts
The most powerful optical emissions from lightning have been described as “superbolts” since the 1970s. In 2019, Holzworth et al. (2019) applied the superbolt label to the most en…
Estimation of the error on the calculation of the pressure-strain term: application in the terrestrial magnetosphere
Calculating the pressure-strain terms has recently been performed to quantify energy conversion between the bulk flow energy and the internal energy of plasmas. It has been applie…
Exploring the Temporal-Varying and Depth-Nonlinear Velocity Profile of Debris Flows Based on A Stratification Statistic…
Estimation of velocity profile through mud depth is a long-standing and essential problem in debris-flow dynamics. Until now, various velocity profiles have been proposed based on…
ENSO Modulates Mean Currents and Mesoscale Eddies in the Caribbean Sea
Although ENSO and its global impacts through teleconnection have been known for decades, if and how the mean currents and mesoscale eddies in the Caribbean Sea are linked to ENSO …
Improving Satellite Remote Sensing Estimates of the Global Terrestrial Hydrologic Cycle via Neural Network Modeling
Satellite remote sensing is commonly used to observe the hydrologic cycle at spatial scales ranging from river basins to the globe. Yet it remains difficult to obtain a balanced w…
The effect of a short observational record on the statistics of temperature extremes
In June 2021, the Pacific Northwest experienced a heatwave that broke all previous records. Estimated return levels based on observations up to the year before the event suggested…
Interannual Variation and Trend of Carbon Budget Observed Over a 28-year Period at Takayama in a Cool-Temperate Deciduo…
Long-term carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) flux measurements between the atmosphere and the ecosystem have been made since 1993 at a cool-temperate deciduous forest site (Takayama) in Japan…
A Combined effect of the Earth's magnetic dipole tilt and IMF By in controlling auroral electron precipitation
Precipitation of auroral electrons is usually assumed to be symmetric with respect to the sign of the dawn-dusk (By) component of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). This is …
Quantification of nocturnal water use and its composition in a Eucalyptus urophylla ×E. grandis plantation on the Leizh…
Nocturnal water use (Qnight) is an important component of the eucalyptus water budget, but it has always been under-appreciated and poorly understood. To improve the accuracy of w…
Comparing agriculture-related characteristics of flash and normal drought reveals heterogeneous crop response
Despite rapid progress in the burgeoning field of flash drought research, few studies directly compare the differences in characteristics between flash drought (commonly understoo…
Representing eddy diffusion in the surface boundary layer of ocean models with general vertical coordinates
The mixing of tracers by mesoscale eddies, parameterized in many ocean general circulation models (OGCMs) as a diffusive-advective process, contributes significantly to the distri…
Neighborhood-scale air quality, public health, and equity implications of multi-modal vehicle electrification
Electric vehicles (EVs) constitute just a fraction of the current U.S. transportation fleet; however, EV market-share is surging. EV adoption reduces on-road transportation greenh…
Where in the World is Ocean Carbon Data?
Efforts to validate, monitor, and verify ocean-based carbon dioxide removal (CDR) will require a rich understanding of the ocean carbon system. Ocean observations anchor this unde…
Nanoscale Analyses of X-ray Amorphous Material from Terrestrial Ultramafic Soils Record Signatures of Environmental Con…
X-ray amorphous material that is variably Mg/Fe/Si-rich and Al-poor and that likely contains secondary alteration products is prevalent in Gale crater sediments and rocks (15-73 w…
More than marine heatwaves: A new regime of heat, acidity, and low oxygen compound extreme events in the Gulf of Alaska
Recent marine heatwaves in the Gulf of Alaska have had devastating and lasting impacts on species from various trophic levels. As a result of climate change, total heat exposure i…
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