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Showing 2001 to 2050 of 59105 works
Discerning the concentration and bi-directional flux of ammonia in an urban estuary using the relaxed eddy accumulation…
Narragansett Bay, the largest estuary in the northeastern U.S., is a heavily urbanized watershed impacted by deposition and runoff. Nutrient budgets and local policy rely on depos…
Crustal Structure and Tectonic Evolution of the Southern Baltic Sea Interpreted from Seismic, Gravity and Magnetic Data
The Teisseyre-Tornquist Zone (TTZ) is the longest pre-Alpine tectonic lineament in Europe. Its nature and structural evolution are controversially debated. In this study, we show …
Seismogenic Thickness of the Andean Crust
The thickness of the seismogenic crust (Ts) controls crustal earthquakes. Its upper limit is the seismicity onset depth (SOD) while its base corresponds to the seismicity cutoff d…
Can recurrence quantification analysis be useful in the interpretation of airborne turbulence measurements?
In airborne or model data, clouds are often defined using information about Liquid Water Content (LWC). Unfortunately LWC is not enough to retrieve information about the dynamical…
Morphology and sediment dynamics of Blossom Shoals at Icy Cape, Alaska
Capes and cape-associated shoals represent sites of convergent sediment transport, and can provide points of relative coastal stability, navigation hazards, and offshore sand reso…
Tradeoffs between temporal and spatial pattern calibration and their impacts on robustness and transferability of hyd…
Optimization of spatially consistent parameter fields is believed to increase the robustness of parameter estimation and its transferability to ungauged basins. The current paper …
On the links between ice nucleation, cloud phase, and climate sensitivity in CESM2
Ice nucleation in mixed-phase clouds has recently been identified as a critical factor in projections of future climate. Here we explore how this process influences climate sensit…
Generating interpretable rainfall-runoff models automatically from data
A sudden surge of data has created new challenges in water management, spanning quality control, assimilation, and analysis. Few approaches are available to integrate growing volu…
Characterizing Non-phase-locked Tidal Currents in the California Current System using High-frequency Radar
Over nine years of hourly surface current data from high-frequency radar (HFR) off the US West Coast are analyzed using a Bayesian least-squares fit for tidal components. The spat…
A CloudSat and CALIPSO-based evaluation of the effects of thermodynamic instability and aerosol loading on Amazon Basin…
The Amazon Basin, which plays a critical role in the carbon and water cycle, is under stress due to changes in climate, agricultural practices, and deforestation. The effects of t…
Multi-scale variability of internal solitary wave speed in the Sulu Sea
Internal solitary waves (ISWs) have considerable energy to drive the mixing of water masses in the Sulu Sea. The propagation speed is a critical parameter in demonstrating the dyn…
Earthquake Aftershocks Pattern Prediction
Large earthquakes, especially those occurring in a city or population centers, create devastation and havoc, and often times kindle several deaths and injuries, and significant i…
Why moist dynamic processes matter for the sub-seasonal prediction of atmospheric blocking over Europe
Numerical weather prediction (NWP) and climate models still struggle to correctly predict and represent atmospheric blocking over the European region (EuBL). In recent years, ther…
Synthesis of the Seismic Structure of the Greater Alaska Region: Continental Lithosphere
Significant advances have been made over the last two decades in constraining the structure of the continental lithosphere in Alaska, particularly with the EarthScope USArray seis…
Improvement of the accuracy of ocean tide model based on the offshore continuous gravity data with atomic gravimeter
Marine gravity measurements are critically affected by ocean tides effect. However, the model of ocean tidal loading (OTL) is not accurate enough for offshore high-precision gravi…
A unifying model for hyporheic oxygen mass transfer under a wide range of near-bed hydrodynamic conditions
Existing models for estimating hyporheic oxygen mass transfer often require numerous parameters related to flow, bed, and channel characteristics, which are frequently unavailable…
Improving Seasonal Forecast of Summer Precipitation in Southeastern China using CycleGAN Deep Learning Bias Correction
Accurate seasonal precipitation forecasts, especially for extreme events, are crucial to preventing meteorological hazards and its potential impacts on national development, socia…
Evolution of bottom boundary layers on three dimensional topography -- Buoyancy adjustment and instabilities
A current along a sloping bottom gives rise to upwelling, or downwelling Ekman transport within the stratified bottom boundary layer (BBL), also known as the bottom Ekman layer. I…
Advancing eddy parameterizations: Dynamic energy backscatter and the role of subgrid advection and stochastic forcing
A universal approach to overcome resolution limitations in the ocean is to parametrize physical processes. The traditional method of parametrizing mesoscale range processes on edd…
Removing numerical pathologies in a turbulence parameterization through convergence testing
Discretized numerical models of the atmosphere are usually intended to faithfully represent an underlying set of continuous equations, but this necessary condition is violated som…
Cumulative Exposures to Environmental and Socioeconomic Risk Factors in Milwaukee County, Wisconsin
The environmental justice literature demonstrates consistently that low-income and minority communities are disproportionately exposed to environmental hazards. In this case study…
The Role of Slab Remnants in Modulating Free Subduction Dynamics: a 3-D Spherical Numerical Study
Seismic tomography of Earth’s mantle images abundant slab remnants, often located in close proximity to active subduction systems. The impact of such remnants on the dynamics of s…
Along-strike segmentation of seismic tremor and its relationship with the hydraulic structure of the subduction fault z…
Along the strike of subduction zones, tectonic tremor activity is segmented on a geologic scale, indicating local variations of the tremor-generating process. Here, we study how s…
A simple parameterization for segmented rating curves
Streamflow is one of the most important variables in hydrology but is difficult to measure continuously. As a result, nearly all streamflow time series are estimated from rating c…
Geophysical transect reveals seismic P-wave velocity structure of the northern Hikurangi margin, New Zealand
Most conceptual models for how fluids and sediment influence slip behavior and uplift along subduction margins are poorly constrained by geophysical observations. Given the comple…
Mountaintop gamma ray observations of three terrestrial gamma-ray flashes at the Santis Tower, Switzerland with coincid…
We report on the mountain top observation of three terrestrial gamma-ray flashes (TGFs) that occurred during the summer storm season of 2021. To our knowledge, these are the first…
THE SIERRA MADRE ORIENTAL OROCLINE. PALEOMAGNETISM OF THE NAZAS SYSTEM IN NORTH-CENTRAL MÉXICO
Curved mountain belts are spectacular natural features, which contain crucial 3D information about the tectonic evolution of orogenic systems. The Mesozoic units exposed at the Co…
Influence of topography and winds on the distribution of water masses on the Antarctic Continental Shelf
Central to improving our understanding of ocean temperature change on Antarctica’s continental shelf is a better understanding of how the ocean circulation drives the onshore fl…
Physical and Unphysical Causes of Nonstationarity in the Relationship between Barents-Kara Sea Ice and the North Atlant…
The role of internal variability in generating an apparent link between autumn Barents-Kara sea ice (BKS) and the winter North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) has been intensely debate…
Reconciling modelled and observed Δ17O(NO3-) in Beijing winter haze with heterogeneous chlorine chemistry
The air quality in Chinese megacities has been improved as indicated by large decreases in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) due to remarkable decreases in key precursors (e.g., SO2…
Future pathways of water, energy, and food in the Eastern Nile Basin
The Eastern Nile Basin (ENB) countries of Egypt, Sudan, South Sudan, and Ethiopia are subject to pronounced water, energy, and food (WEF) insecurity problems. There is a need to m…
Identifying deep moonquake nests using machine learning model on single lunar station on the far side of the Moon
One of the future NASA space program includes the Farside Seismic Suite (FSS) payload, a single station with two seismometers, on the far side of the Moon. During FSS operations, …
The Impact of Ozone Production on Future Cold Point Tropopause Warming and Expansion
A robust thermodynamic response of increased greenhouse gas forcing is an expansion of the troposphere, which may decrease ozone concentrations in the lower stratosphere and warm …
Source of radio emissions induced by the Galilean moons Io, Europa and Ganymede: in situ measurements by Juno
At Jupiter, part of the auroral radio emissions are induced by the Galilean moons Io, Europa and Ganymede. Until now, except for Ganymede, they have been only remotely detected, u…
Sensitivity of Simulated Fire-Generated Circulations to Fuel Characteristics During Large Wildfires
Coupled fire-atmosphere models often struggle to simulate important fire processes like fire generated flows, deep flaming fronts, extreme updrafts, and stratospheric smoke inject…
Observation of Sediment Mobilization by an Internal Solibore on the California Inner Shelf
Acoustic backscatter, velocimetry measurements of the nearbed velocity profiles, and thermistor chain measurements of the temperature stratification were used to understand the bo…
Time resolved reflectivity measurements of convective clouds
NASA’s Investigations of Convective Updrafts (INCUS) mission aims to document convective updraft mass flux through changes in the radar reflectivity (ΔZ) in convective cores captu…
Global-scale evaluation of coastal ocean alkalinity enhancement in a fully-coupled Earth system model
The Paris Climate Accords plan for “net-zero” carbon dioxide (CO2) by 2050. However, reducing emissions from some sectors is challenging, and “net-zero” permits carbon dioxide rem…
Basal Mantle Flow Over LLSVPs Explains Differences in Pacific and Indo-Atlantic Hotspot Motions
Surface hotspot motions are approximately a factor of two faster in the Pacific than the Indo-Atlantic, and the Pacific large low shear velocity province (LLSVP) appears to be sig…
Ensemble Calibration and Uncertainty Quantification of Precipitation Forecasts for a Risk-based UAS Navigation
Uncertainty on precipitation forecasts results in major high cancellation rate in Unmanned Aircraft Systems operations and reduces the benefits of BVLOS operations in terms of ris…
Temperature and organic matter quantity drive CO2 and CH4 fluxes in isolated pools of non-perennial rivers
Rivers are important contributors to global greenhouse gas (GHG) exchange with the atmosphere. However, much less is known about biogeochemical dynamics in rivers when they dry, p…
Improved Parameterizations of Vertical Ice-Ocean Boundary Layers and Melt Rates
Buoyancy fluxes and glacial melt rates at vertical ice-ocean interfaces are commonly parameterized using theories derived for unbounded free plumes. A Large Eddy Simulation is use…
Enhancing quantitative precipitation estimation of NWP model with fundamental meteorological variables and Transformer …
Quantitative precipitation forecasting in numerical weather prediction (NWP) models rely on physical parameterization schemes. However, these schemes involve considerable uncertai…
Automated Detection of Short-term Slow Slip Events in Southwest Japan
Inferring from the occurrence pattern of slow slip events (SSEs) the probability of triggering a damaging earthquake within the nearby velocity weakening portion of the plate inte…
Rigorous 3-D modeling of the ground electric field in Fennoscandia during the Halloween geomagnetic storm
In this study, we perform rigorous three-dimensional (3-D) ground electric field (GEF) modeling in Fennoscandia for three days of the Halloween geomagnetic storm (29-31 October 20…
Impact of bottom trawling on long-term carbon sequestration in shelf sea sediments
Bottom trawling represents the most widespread anthropogenic physical disturbance to shelf sea sediments. While trawling-induced mortality in benthic fauna has been extensively in…
Strong Physical Contrasts across Two Mid-lithosphere Discontinuities beneath the Northwestern United States: Evidence f…
Mid-lithosphere discontinuities are seismic interfaces likely located within the lithospheric mantle of stable cratons, which typically represent velocities decreasing with depth.…
Deep Short-term Slow Slip and Tremor in the Manawatu Region, New Zealand
The Manawatu region experiences deep tremor and long-term SSEs; however tremor is adjacent to, and not co-located with, long-term SSEs. Observations of Episodic tremor and Slip (E…
An Alternative Explanation for the Great Oxygenation Event (GOE): Weathering of Rocks Containing Minerals with Peroxy B…
During the Great Oxygenation Event (GOE) 2.4 - 2.35 Gyrs ago, Earth experienced a notable shift in its oxidation state. This has been widely attributed to cyanobacteria having “…
Estimated Energy and Emissions Impacts of Pumping Pacific Ocean Water to Great Salt Lake
Great Salt Lake has receded in recent years. Among many options proposed to augment inflows is a pipeline from the Pacific Ocean. To inform discussion, we estimate a lower bound f…
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