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Machine learning (ML) models have shown considerable promise for the statistical downscaling of climate projections; yet, their performance can degrade under non-stationarity, whe…

The four-dimensional variational (4D-Var) data assimilation framework conventionally assumes static observation error covariance throughout the assimilation window. This assumptio…

Remote sensing (RS)-based drought indices have been well explored and documented 1–4 , with the majority specifically designed for agricultural drought monitoring 5,6 . However, d…

Interactions between mesoscale eddies and seamounts can strongly modify local circulation, influencing nutrient transport and planktonic communities. This study investigates the c…

e-Navigation—the digitalization and harmonization of data collection, integration, exchange, presentation, and analysis on board and ashore—is an International Maritime Organizati…

Industrial CO2 hydrogenation operates over a wide pressure range, yet pressure effects at inverse catalysts remain underexplored. In this study, DFT-parameterized microkinetic mod…

Continental sub-Moho earthquakes are rare and require unusually high strain rates or unusually cold temperatures either in upper-mantle or below-Moho-crustal lithologies. These ra…

Constraints on chemical heterogeneities in the upper mantle may be derived from studying the seismically observable impedance contrasts that they produce. Away from subduction zon…

Tsunami wave observations far from the coast remain challenging due to the logistics and cost of deploying and operating offshore instrumentation on a long-term basis with suffici…

While it has been recognized for some time that large-amplitude nonlinear internal waves (NLIW) can mobilise and transport sediment, quantitative observations of this process are …

Advanced seismic imaging techniques play a crucial role in generating reliable, high-resolution subsurface images across diverse applications, such as exploring hydrocarbons and…

The possibility to exploit the muon scattering for the elemental discrimination of materials in a given volume is well known. When more than one material is present along the muon…

Reliable estimation of river surface velocity is essential for hydrological monitoring, flood forecasting, and water resource management, yet conventional in-situ measurements rem…

Electronic interactions at oxide-metal interfaces govern the activation of small molecules. In this study, projected density of states and Bader charge analyses were employed to i…

Economic selection indices can improve the efficiency of selection for multiple traits, but they are underutilized in plant breeding due to limited research on the economic values…

High-resolution temperature models are needed to describe and predict the thermal regime of streams/rivers under current and future management. Statistical models (e.g., spatial s…

The Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA) is a shallow conduit conveying Pacific- and Atlantic-derived waters to Baffin Bay via Lancaster Sound, Jones Sound, and Nares Strait. At the …

The global area and distribution of shallow water ecosystems (SWEs), and their projected responses to climate change, are fundamental for evaluating future changes in their ecosys…

Land management and stewardship teams continue to lack the tools to capture 3D spatiotemporal insights of the ecosystems they oversee. For wildfire management at the wildland-urba…

Carbon mineralization in basaltic formations stores CO2 as solid carbonates, but precipitation-induced clogging can degrade injectivity and storage capacity of the reservoir. This…

Turbidity is a crucial indicator of water quality and ecosystem health in large northern lakes. However, logistical reasons, high costs and the spatial complexity of lakes result …

Using a decade of observations from the Canadian Geospace Observatory Riometer Network (GO-RIO), we selected an east–west subset of stations near L ∼ 7 to classify cosmic noise ab…

Hydrogen spillover is frequently invoked to explain enhanced activity in oxide-metal catalysts, yet its kinetic contribution remains difficult to quantify. In this study, hydrogen…

Elevated seismic noise for moderate-size earthquakes recorded at teleseismic distances has limited our ability to see their complexity. We develop a machine-learning-based algorit…

Eddies have two distinct properties known as eddy advection (K_GM ) and eddy diffusion (K_iso). These are parameterized by Gent-McWilliams [1990] (K_GM ) and Redi [1982] (K_iso), …

The clustering of extreme trans-Neptunian objects (ETNOs) and the 6◦ solar axial tilt indicate an unseen planet in the outer solar system, commonly known as Planet 9. A theoretica…

The 2018-2019 sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) is simulated using a high-resolution whole atmosphere model that includes interactive chemistry and constrained meteorology. The s…

Forecasting wildland fire location and behavior increases in importance as fires grow in frequency and severity worldwide. Observing and understanding pre-fire fuel dynamics throu…

Sufficient cooling water is critical for thermoelectric power plant performance, and these constraints are expected to intensify under climate change. Most previous studies have f…

Maize production in Sub-Saharan Africa is increasingly constrained by erratic rainfall and acute canopy defoliation driven by biotic threats such as the fall armyworm and other le…

Geomagnetic storms inflate the thermosphere, increasing neutral density at satellite altitudes by factors of 2–7 and disrupting orbit prediction, collision avoidance, and mission …

Residential buildings in industrial fenceline communities are required to meet energy codes, but those codes were designed around envelope tightness and ventilation rates, not aro…

We present a phase-space analysis of non-QPO, stochastic "noise" segments in GRS 1915+105 1-second X-ray light curves using Phase-Mediated Attractor Dynamics (PMAD). By isolating …

Many coupled climate models exhibit an Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) south of the Equator in the tropical Pacific that does not exist in nature. This bias impacts winds an…

Earthquake source parameters are important for understanding source physics and assessing seismic hazard. In an Enhanced Geothermal System (EGS), microearthquakes (M < 2) provide …

Sulawesi and Borneo are tectonically complex islands with multistage subduction histories stretching back through the Cenozoic. Seismic studies have played an important role in …

This paper describes the development and application of GLAMM (GFDL’s Aerosol Microphysics Model) within the GFDL AM4.0 framework. Unlike the bulk aerosol schemes previously used …

Enhanced weathering and biochar application on working lands show promising signs of delivering durable carbon dioxide removal required to meet internationally agreed upon climate…

An unanswered question in planetary science is how could the early Martian atmosphere have maintained a greenhouse effect sufficient to allow for liquid water on the surface? A re…