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Showing 1451 to 1500 of 59105 works
Directional Breaking Kinematics Observations from 3D Stereo Reconstruction of Ocean Waves
Short ocean surface waves are important for remote sensing, air-sea exchange, and underwater acoustics. The energy spectrum at scales much shorter than the dominant waves are azim…
Surface Quasi Geostrophic Reconstruction of Vertical Velocities and Vertical Heat Fluxes in the Southern Ocean: Perspec…
Mesoscale currents account for 80% of the ocean’s kinetic energy, whereas submesoscale currents capture 50% of the vertical velocity variance. SWOT’s first sea surface height (SSH…
Physics-Informed Neural Networks with New Activation Function and Multi-Objective Optimization for Improving Estimation…
While physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) can solve the problem pertaining to the absence of boundary conditions in soil water systems, their results exhibit low accuracy pri…
Imaging of the topside ionosphere using GNSS slant TEC obtained from LEO satellites
Satellites with dual-frequency Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) receivers can measure integrated electron density, known as slant Total Electron Content (sTEC), between …
Advancements in Planetary Unstructured Equivalent Source Inversion and Current Circulation Modeling Technology for Eart…
This study presents a novel approach to modeling the Earth’s geomagnetic field, which originates from electric currents approximately 2,900 km beneath the surface, crucial for und…
4D Electrical Resistivity Imaging of Stress Perturbations Induced During High-Pressure Shear Stimulation Tests
Fluid flow through fractured media is typically governed by the distribution of fracture apertures, which are in turn governed by stress. Consequently, understanding subsurface st…
Buoyancy Modes in a Low Entropy Bubble
In the nightside region of Earth’s magnetosphere, buoyancy modes have been associated with low entropy bubbles. These bubbles form in the plasma sheet, particularly during substor…
Regional-scale response of glacier speed to seasonal runoff variations on the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska
Subglacial hydrology directly impacts glacier motion, but few studies have investigated the connections between ice speed and water input on regional scales. Here, we analyze the …
Disentangling the roles of subducted volatile contributions and mantle source heterogeneity in the production of magmas…
The compositional diversity of primitive arc basalts has long inspired questions regarding the drivers of magmatism in subduction zones, including the roles of decompression melti…
Seismic Magnitudes Entropy and b-value
How seismic magnitudes are distributed is important for estimating stress levels in seismic hazard studies, and two methods of characterizing the magnitude distribution are throug…
Fixed-nitrogen loss in a deoxygenating coastal ocean: Insights from the Estuary and Gulf of St. Lawrence
Bioavailable nitrogen governs ocean productivity and carbon fixation by regulating phytoplankton growth and community composition. Nitrogen input primarily results from fixation, …
Sub-Monthly Mass Change Signal over Ilulissat Glacier in Greenland from GRACE-FO Laser Interferometry Data
GRACE(-FO) monthly products are produced routinely using measurements of the orbital motion and the K-Band measurements of the distance between the two satellites. From these solu…
Why the September 2017 geomagnetic storm was stronger at certain locations than the famous Halloween event
In this study, we compare two significant geomagnetic storms of the 21st century: the well-known Halloween geomagnetic storm of 2003 (Kp index 9) and a somewhat milder storm of Se…
Construction of Temperature Climate Data Records in the Upper Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere Using Multiple RO Miss…
We develop a new gridded monthly mean climatology (MMC) in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) from 2006 to 2023 using the dry temperature profiles from multiple G…
Anvil cloud thinning implies greater climate sensitivity
High clouds produced by tropical convection are expected to shrink in area as climate warms, and the radiative feedback associated with this change has long been the subject of co…
Physics-Informed Neural Networks to Reconstruct Surface Velocity Field from Drifter Data
Accessing velocity data in the Gulf of Mexico is critical for environmental conservation and predicting debris and oil spill movements. This data can provide valuable insights for…
A Case Study of the Temporal Evaluation of the Urban Heat Island (UHI) Effect: Impacts on Water Availability and Air Q…
Dhaka is the capital and largest city of Bangladesh; it is the world's seventh most densely populated city and is often regarded as the world's most densely populated built-up urb…
Revisiting Seismic Energy of Shallow Tremors: Amplifications due to Site and Propagation Path Effects Near the Nankai T…
We investigated the effects of the propagation path and site amplification of shallow tremors along the Nankai Trough. Using far-field S-wave propagation from intraslab earthquake…
Biofilm Development, Senescence, and Benthic Substrate Influence Hyporheic Transport in Streams
Understanding fate and transport within fluvial systems requires accurate modeling of breakthrough curve (BTC) tails, which often display non-Fickian behaviors. However, it is unc…
Assessment of Hg speciation changes in the sedimentary rock record from thermal desorption characteristics
Sedimentary mercury (Hg) has become a widely used proxy for paleo-volcanic activity. However, scavenging and drawdown of Hg by organic-matter (OM) and sulfides are important non-v…
Detecting vegetation stress in mixed forest ecosystems through the joint use of tree-water monitoring and land surface …
Recent European heatwaves have significantly impacted forest ecosystems, leading to increased plant water stress. Advances in land surface models aim to improve the representation…
Derivation and implementation of a non-gradient term to improve the oceanic convection representation within the k-ɛ pa…
The representation of turbulent fluxes during oceanic convective events is important to capture the evolution of the oceanic mixed layer. To improve the accuracy of turbulent flux…
Arctic Amplification during the Last Glacial Inception due to a delayed response in sea ice and surface temperature
The last glacial inception (LGI) marks the transition from the interglacial warm climate to the glacial period with extensive Northern Hemisphere ice sheets and colder climate. Th…
Stratospheric chlorine processing after the unprecedented Hunga Tonga eruption
Following the Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha’apai (HTHH) eruption in January 2022, a significant reduction in stratospheric hydrochloric acid (HCl) was observed in the Southern Hemisphere m…
Observing floe-scale sea ice motion in the Greenland Sea marginal ice zone during summer
The Fram Strait is a key region for ice export, linking the Arctic with the world ocean. We present floe-scale observations of sea ice motion in the Fram Strait marginal ice zone …
The role of water vapor transport and sea ice leads on Arctic mixed-phase clouds during MOSAiC
Based on wintertime observations during the MOSAiC expedition in 2019-2020 \cite{Shupe_2022} , it has been found that Arctic cloud properties show significant differences when clo…
Radiative Heating of High-Level Clouds and its Impacts on Climate
The interactions of clouds with radiation influence climate. Many of these impacts appear to be related to the radiative heating and cooling from high-level clouds in the upper tr…
Evaluation of Mesoscale Convective Systems in High Resolution E3SMv2
Mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) play an important role in modulating the global hydrological cycle, general circulation, and radiative energy budget. In this study, we evaluat…
Quantifying the Impact of Internal Variability on the CESM2 Control Algorithm for Stratospheric Aerosol Injection
Earth system models are a powerful tool to simulate the response to hypothetical climate intervention strategies, such as stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI). Recent simulations…
Earth-directed coronal mass ejection shock sheaths as drivers of minor forbush decreases
Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) directed toward Earth can modulate cosmic ray fluxes detected on the ground. We provide definitive evidence that even moderately fast CMEs produce sm…
Evolution of the Climate Forcing During the Two Years after the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai Eruption
We calculate the climate forcing for the two years after the January 15, 2022, Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai (Hunga) eruption. We use satellite observations of stratospheric aerosols,…
Exploring a data-driven approach to identify regions of change associated with future climate scenarios
A key consideration for evaluating climate projections is uncertainty in radiative forcing scenarios. Although it is straightforward to monitor greenhouse gas concentrations and c…
Deep-learning phase-onset picker for deep Earth seismology: PKIKP waves
Body waves traversing the Earth’s interior from a seismic source to receivers on the surface carry rich information about its internal structures. Their travel time measurements h…
Large-scale Statistically Meaningful Patterns (LSMPs) associated with precipitation extremes over Northern California
We analyze the large-scale statistically meaningful patterns (LSMPs), also called large-scale meteorological patterns, that precede extreme precipitation (PEx) events over Norther…
Fault-valve instability: A mechanism for slow slip events
Geophysical and geological studies provide evidence for cyclic changes in fault-zone pore fluid pressure that synchronize with or at least modulate seismic cycles. A hypothesized …
N2O emission from a subtropical forest is dominantly regulated by soil denitrifiers under exogenous N enrichment and se…
Nitrogen-rich tropical/subtropical forest soil acts as a terrestrial source of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, a greenhouse gas commonly affected by soil nitrogen availability and …
How Phase Transitions Impact Changes in Mantle Convection Style Throughout Earth’s History: From Stalled Plumes to Surf…
Mineral phase transitions can either hinder or accelerate mantle flow. In the present day, the formation of the bridgmanite + ferropericlase assemblage from ringwoodite at 660 km …
Chronology of sedimentation and landscape evolution in the Okavango Rift Zone, a developing young rift in southern Afri…
The Kalahari Basin in southern Africa, shaped by subsidence and epeirogeny, features the Okavango Rift Zone (ORZ) as a significant structural element characterized by diffused e…
Global environmental constraints on magnetic reconnection at the magnetopause from in-situ measurements
Magnetic reconnection is the primary driver of magnetospheric activity by coupling the magnetosphere to the interplanetary medium with an efficiency that depends critically on its…
Effects of Soil Temperature, Soil Water Content, and Rainfall on Soil Respiration and its Contribution to Ecosystem Res…
Soil respiration (Rs) is the second largest carbon dioxide (CO2) flux in terrestrial ecosystems, and it provides an average of 30-90% to ecosystem respiration (Reco). In semi-arid…
Influence of Millennial Range Orbital Cycles on Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum Hyperthermals
The Eocene (55-34 Mya) was marked by a transition from a greenhouse to an icehouse climate, and also experienced several hyperthermals, which are rapid, extreme global warming e…
Enhancing Seismic Noise Suppression Using the Noise2Noise Framework
Although supervised deep learning (DL) offers a potent solution for removing noise from seismic records, challenges are encountered owing to the scarcity of noise-free labels. Th…
Extreme Rainfall Trends in the United States of America
The European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF) fifth-generation reanalysis of the global climate (ERA5) and the Climate Hazards Croup InfraRed Precipitation wit…
Upper-mantle anisotropy in the southeastern margin of Tibetan Plateau revealed by fullwave SKS splitting intensity tomo…
The southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau has undergone complex deformation since the Cenozoic, resulting in a high level of seismicity and seismic hazard. Knowledge about…
Impact of aerosol processing in the transition of a stratocumulus cloud system to open cells: A comparison of Lagrangia…
Stratocumulus clouds, a key component of global climate, are sensitive to aerosol properties. Aerosol-cloud-precipitation interactions in these clouds influence their closed-to-op…
Provenance of Tibetan Geoid Ridge and its Implication to the Collision Evolution between India and Tibet
The geoid minima in the Indian Ocean and North Eurasia are separated by the Tibetan Geoid Ridge (TGR), yet the origin of TGR remains poorly constrained. Spherical harmonic analysi…
15 years of Integrated Terrestrial Environmental Observatories (TERENO) in Germany: Functions, Services and Lessons Lea…
The need to develop and provide integrated observation systems to better understand and manage global and regional environmental change is one of the major challenges facing Earth…
Along-Strike Variations of Alaska Subduction Zone Structure and Hydration Determined From Amphibious Seismic Data
We develop a 3-D isotropic shear velocity model for the Alaska subduction zone using data from seafloor and land-based seismographs to investigate along-strike variations in str…
Late Quaternary Glaciations on the Chukchi Margin, Arctic Ocean: Insights from Echo Sounding and Sediment Records
Glacigenic bedforms such as multiple glacial lineations and moraines on the Chukchi and East Siberian margins reveal recurrent waxing and waning by voluminous ice masses. Despite …
Unique Temperature Trend Pattern Associated with Internally Driven Global Cooling and Arctic Warming during 1980-2022
Diagnosing the role of internal variability over recent decades is critically important for both model validation and projections of future warming. Recent research suggests that …
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