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Showing 1151 to 1200 of 59105 works
Grain boundary diffusion of ferropericlase: Implications for the core-mantle interaction
Geophysical observations indicate that iron enrichment of various spatial scales may be present in the lowermost mantle. Various mechanisms have been proposed to explain the proce…
The Effect of Seamount Subduction on the Formation of Holocene Marine Terraces: A Comparison of Kinematic and Mechanica…
Marine terraces have long been a subject of paleoseismology to reveal the rupture history of megathrust earthquakes. However, the mechanisms underlying their formation, in relatio…
Methylation index of Overly Branched tetraether lipids (MOB): a proxy for deep ocean (de)oxygenation?
Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs) with lower (sparsely-branched; SB-) and higher (overly-branched; OB-) numbers of methylated branches relative to the “re…
Explaining the Evolution of Ion Velocity Distributions at a low activity Comet
At a low activity comet the plasma is distributed in an asymmetric way. The hybrid simulation code Amitis is used to look at the spatial evolution of ion velocity distribution fun…
The Collaborative Seismic Earth Model: Generation 2
Geological interpretations, earthquake source inversions and ground motion modelling, among other applications, require models that jointly resolve crustal and mantle structure. W…
Deriving the Ionospheric Electric Field from the Bulk Motion of Radar Aurora in the E-region
In the auroral E-region strong electric fields can create an environment characterized by fast plasma drifts. These fields lead to strong Hall currents which trigger small-scale p…
Towards a Solid Earth Integrated Reference Frame
Studying mantle convection requires knowledge of how plates moved over and subduct into the mantle. Therefore, relative plate tectonic reconstructions are placed in a mantle refer…
Spatial attribution of temporal variability in global land-atmosphere CO2 exchange using a model-data integration frame…
The spatial contribution to the global land-atmosphere carbon dioxide (CO\textsubscript{2}) exchange is crucial in understanding and projecting the global carbon cycle, yet differ…
Electrical breakdown products of SO2 in CO2 and N2 mixtures and the implication to the mysterious species in Venus's at…
Sulfur-containing species are suggested as the UV-absorbers in Venus’s atmosphere, which can be generated by photochemistry or electrochemistry. Here we report an electrical disch…
Forecasting of Auroral Pc5 Pulsations from Solar Wind Parameters Using Machine Learning Approach.
The coupling between the magnetosphere and solar wind contributes to the energy, momentum, and mass transfer between the systems. However, geomagnetic pulsations facilitate the co…
Inhomogeneous Spatio-Temporal Epidemic-Type Aftershock Sequence Model Incorporating Seismicity-Triggering Slow Slip Eve…
Clarifying the relationship between regular earthquakes and slow fault slip is essential for understanding the mechanisms behind seismic activity. We hypothesize that the backgrou…
Deriving flow velocity and initial concentration from Liesegang-like patterns
Zebra rocks, characterized by their striking reddish-brown stripes, rods, and spots of hematite (Fe-oxide), showcase complex self-organized patterns formed under far-from-equilibr…
Comparing satellite and BGC-Argo chlorophyll estimation: a phenological study
Ocean primary production is a key process that regulates marine ecosystems and the global climate, but its estimation is still affected by multiple uncertainties. Typically, the c…
Aura Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) Collection 4 Formaldehyde Product
This study presents the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) Collection 4 formaldehyde (HCHO) retrieval developed with the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory’s (SAO) Making Earth …
Evaluating Proton Intensities for the SMILE Mission
This study introduces five linear regression models developed to accurately predict proton intensities in the critical energy range of 92.2 keV to 159.7 keV. To achieve this task …
On the modernization of the falling spheres technique to measure neutral winds in the thermosphere
This paper introduces a modernized application of the falling spheres technique for measurement of neutral winds and densities in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) regio…
Tracking Soil Health: Monitoring and Modeling the Soil-Plant System
The assessment of soil health has evolved from focusing primary on agricultural productivity to an integrated evaluation of soil biota and biotic processes that impact soil proper…
Diffraction of ELF electromagnetic waves by the ionospheric gradients at the day/night terminator measured at the Hylat…
We perform azimuth time tracking of multiple thunderstorm centers on the globe, which are sources of extremely low frequency (ELF) electromagnetic waves propagating in the spheric…
Designing a fully-tunable and versatile TKE-l turbulence parameterization for atmospheric models
This study presents the development of a TKE-l parameterization of the diffusion coefficients for the representation of turbulent diffusion in neutral and stable conditions in lar…
How Does Thermospheric Temperature and Composition Recovery Differ After a Strong Geomagnetic Storm?
The recovery of the thermosphere after a strong geomagnetic storm on 12 May 2021 is investigated using lower and middle thermospheric temperature (Tdisk), ratio of atomic oxygen a…
Skilled sub-basin forecasts of seasonal Atlantic hurricane activity
Seasonal North Atlantic tropical cyclone (TC) activity is largely regulated by El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the Atlantic Meridional Mode (AMM) and Multidecadal Variabil…
The role of secondary recoil leaders in the formation of subsequent return strokes
Recoil leaders develop in lightning flash decayed channels. The propagation of a recoil leader depends on its intensity and on the conductivity of the decayed channel. When the re…
Online Learning of Entrainment Closures in a Hybrid Machine Learning Parameterization
This work integrates machine learning into an atmospheric parameterization to target uncertain mixing processes while maintaining interpretable, predictive, and well-established p…
Global temperature dependency of biogenic HCHO columns observed from space: Interpretation of TROPOMI results using GEO…
Temperature is the principal driver of global HCHO and its primary oxidation precursor biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs). We revisit such a temperature (T-) dependency g…
Multi-scale subseasonal forecasts using an unstructured grid global model - a TC and Heatwave Case Study
In traditional practice, weather forecasts typically span up to two weeks, while climate forecasts begin at the seasonal timescale and extend further. Consequently, there exists a…
Limited organic carbon burial by the rusty carbon sink in Swedish fjord sediments
Marine sediments bury ~160 Tg of organic carbon (OC) annually and represent an essential component of the global carbon cycle. OC burial is inherently multifactorial; however, in …
Nowcasting Solar EUV Irradiance with Photospheric Magnetic Fields and the Mg II Index
A new method to nowcast spectral irradiance in extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and far ultraviolet (FUV) bands is presented here, utilizing only solar photospheric magnetograms and the …
Automated Input Variable Selection for Analog Methods Using Genetic Algorithms
Analog methods (AMs) have long been used for precipitation prediction and climate studies. However, they rely on manual selections of parameters, such as predictor variables and a…
Bridging Paleoseismic and Geodetic Observations for the AD 1700 Cascadia Earthquake with an Earthquake Cycle Model
The last great megathrust earthquake in the Cascadia subduction zone occurred in AD 1700, predating the instrumental record. While modern geodetic techniques capture the ongoing i…
Understanding heterogeneous and anisotropic porous media based on geometric properties derived from three-dimensional i…
Natural porous media is generally heterogeneous and anisotropic. The structure of porous media plays a vital role and is often the source of the heterogeneity and anisotropy. In p…
A multi-resolution deep-learning surrogate framework for global hydrological models
Global hydrological models are important decision support tools for policy making in today’s water-scarce world as their process-based nature allows for worldwide water resources …
Construction of Long-Term Seismic Catalog with Deep Learning: A Workflow for Localized Self-Attention RNN (LoSAR)
Characterizing fault behaviors prior to large earthquakes through long-term seismicity is crucial for seismic hazard assessment, yet constructing high-resolution catalogs over ext…
Sumatra earthquakes positions and prediction. (Completed and corrected version)
Abstract All earthquakes over 5th magnitude since 1962 were recorded on Sumatra and surroundings, marking their depths and distinguished whether they were triggered by maximum wes…
Global Warming Is Likely Affecting Regional Drought across Eurasia
While rising global temperatures have altered global drought risk and are projected to continue to change large-scale hydroclimate, it has proved difficult to detect the influence…
Imaging the Garlock Fault Zone with a Fiber: A Limited Damage Zone and Hidden Bimaterial Contrast
The structure of fault zones and the ruptures they host are inextricably linked. Fault zones are narrow, which has made imaging their structure at seismogenic depths a persistent …
A Comparison of Climate-Driven Deep Learning Ensemble and SWAT+ Models for Daily Streamflow Simulation in the Niger Riv…
Streamflow monitoring is very important for planning and management of water resources in watersheds, and their prediction accuracy is crucial for decision-making. The Niger River…
Crustal structure of the Northeast South China Sea rifted margin
We investigate the crustal structure of the NE South China Sea (SCS) margin to constrain its crustal thickness and basement nature with implications for the Mesozoic and Cenozoic …
IceBoost: a Gradient-boosted Tree framework to model the ice thickness of the World’s glaciers
Knowledge of glacier ice volumes is crucial for constraining future sea level potential, evaluating freshwater resources, and assessing impacts on societies, from regional to glob…
Temperature and Flow Control Organic Carbon Metabolism in Boreal Headwater Streams
Carbon (C) emissions from headwater streams are derived from both terrestrial inputs and in-stream metabolism of organic C (OC), but the role of metabolism in boreal stream C flux…
Improving the performance of a reduced-order mass-consistent model for urban environments and complex terrain with a hi…
Solid structures (buildings and topography) act as obstacles and significantly influence the wind flow around them. Because of their importance, faithfully representing the geomet…
Towards the direct simulation of the quasi-biennial oscillation in a global storm-resolving model
This study presents the first attempt to directly simulate a full cycle of the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) in a global storm-resolving model (GSRM) that explicitly simulates …
A comparative study of cave system calcium isotope ratios: Implications for quantitative reconstruction of paleorainfal…
Variations in speleothem calcium isotope ratios (δ44Ca) are thought to be uniquely controlled by prior carbonate precipitation (PCP) above a drip site and, when calibrated with mo…
Architecture and Structure of a Fold-and-Thrust Belt During Initial Inversion of a Salt-Bearing Passive Margin (Jurassi…
Inversion of the Austroalpine Triassic salt-bearing passive margin, represented by the Northern Calcareous Alps (Eastern Alps), started in the Late Jurassic. Subsequent deformatio…
Large ensemble exploration of global energy transitions under national emissions pledges
Global climate goals require a transition to a deeply decarbonized energy system. Meeting the objectives of the Paris Agreement through countries’ Nationally Determined Contribu…
Cool roofs could be most effective at reducing outdoor urban temperatures in London (United Kingdom) compared with othe…
Comprehensive studies comparing impacts of building and street levels interventions on air temperature at metropolitan scales are still lacking despite increased urban heat-relate…
Post-eruption precipitation anomalies are dominated by internal variability, not volcanic aerosol impacts
Aerosols from large volcanic eruptions are purported to cause significant global precipitation changes lasting up to several years. We here show that eruptions with very large str…
Internal tide variability off Central California: multiple sources, seasonality, and eddying background
Two moorings deployed for 75 days in 2019 and long-term satellite altimetry data reveal a spatially complex and temporally variable internal tidal field at the SWOT Cal/Val site o…
The impact of flow interaction on carbon sequestration potential in an idealised giant kelp forest
Macroalgae re- and afforestation are frequently proposed carbon dioxide removal (CDR) strategies, but the carbon storage is often uncertain. In nature, kelp forests grow on hard o…
Occurrence and causes of large dB/dt events in the pre-midnight and dawn sectors
We investigate the causes of large $dB/dt$ events observed by SuperMAG, by comparing with the time-series of different types of geomagnetic activity, or “convection state”, for th…
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