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Spread-F (SF) is a feature that can be visually observed on ionograms when the ionosonde signals are significantly impacted by plasma irregularities in the ionosphere. Depending o…

Lightning is a magnificent natural experiment of dielectric breakdown on a vast scale, providing us rare opportunities to explore this powerful and dangerous phenomenon hidden dee…

In 2020, renewables became the second-largest source of electricity generation in the United States after natural gas (US EIA, 2021). In recent years, wind energy generation has o…

The poor across the world is very vulnerable to floods and drought disasters and have a detrimental effect on the lives and livelihoods of the poor. Weather based index insurance …

The hydrology community is engaged in an intense debate regarding the merits of machine learning (ML) models over traditional models. These traditional models include both concept…

Winter cover crops (CC) use water, which can have negative, neutral, or positive effects on soil water storage and supply for the subsequent summer crop. There is a lack of inform…

Large boulders with a diameter of up to several tens of meters are globally observed in mountainous bedrock channel environments. Recent theories suggest that high concentrations …

The export flux of organic carbon from the upper ocean is the starting point of the transfer and long term storage of photosynthetically-fixed carbon in the deep ocean. This “biol…

Understanding changes in the ocean carbonate system is central to understanding ocean and coastal acidification and the effects these phenomena will have in the future. To create …

The subdued topography of the Turkana Depression separates the elevated Ethiopian and Kenyan Plateaus in East Africa. Mechanisms to explain its topography are debated because cons…

Ground-based visual assessments of co-occurring foliar diseases are time-consuming, laborious, and subjective due to the spatiotemporal overlapping of different lesion types and p…

Quantifying the relative importance of the atmospheric drivers of surface melting on the Larsen C ice shelf is critical in the context of recent and future climate change. Here, w…

Martian global dust storms can raise large amounts of dust into the atmosphere. This dust has the ability to carry adsorbed water with it into the atmosphere. Once it arrives in t…

Fractures play an essential role in formations with low permeability; however, fracture sealing significantly reduces the permeability of fractures. The mechanism of how fracture …

This study’s objective was to evaluate the potential geospatial relationship between agricultural pesticide use and cancer incidences by using the concept of consolidated environm…

Aquifer remediation with in situ soil washing techniques and enhanced oil removal typically involve the injection of liquid solutions into the geological formation to displace and…

Recent aircraft measurements over the northwest Atlantic enable an investigation of how entrainment from the free troposphere (FT) impacts cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) in the m…

Most of Earth’s volcanic eruptions occur underwater, and these submarine eruptions can significantly impact large-scale earth systems. In this study, we develop a new semi-automat…

Here, we extend the Fisher-Kolmogorov-Petrovsky-Piskunov equation to capture the interplay of multiscale and multiphysics coupled processes. We use a minimum of two coupled reacti…

Mature faults with large cumulative slip often separate rocks with dissimilar elastic properties and show asymmetric damage distribution. Elastic contrast across such bimaterial f…

Anticipated future reductions in aerosol emissions are expected to accelerate warming and substantially change precipitation characteristics. It is therefore vital to identify exi…

Floods are convincingly the most frequent and widespread natural hazard across the world. With an ample amount of literature forecasting increase in its frequency and magnitude fu…

The vertical opacity structure of the martian atmosphere is important for understanding the distribution of ice (water and carbon dioxide) and dust. We present a new dataset of ex…

During the second half of 2019, a series of recurring, moderate geomagnetic storms (Dst ≈ - 70 nT) emerged after a sequence of high-speed solar wind streams (Vsw ≥ 600 km/s) impac…

Mosquitoes are major vectors of disease and thus a key public health concern. Some cities have programs to track mosquito abundance and vector competence, but such fieldwork is ex…

Local acceleration driven by whistler mode chorus waves is fundamentally important for the acceleration of seed electrons in the outer radiation belt to relativistic energies. Thi…

This article is composed of three independent commentaries of how Integrated, Coordinated, Open, and Networked (ICON), as well as Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable…

Sinkholes are the most abundant surface features in karst areas worldwide. Understanding sinkhole occurrences and characteristics is critical for studying karst aquifers and mitig…

Magnetopause diamagnetic currents arise from density and temperature driven pressure gradients across the boundary layer. While theoretically recognized, the temperature contribut…

Surface deformation accompanying dike intrusions is dominated by uplift and horizontal motion directly related to the intrusions. In some cases, it includes subsidence due to asso…

The synergistic use of large datasets from cabled array sensors and remote sensing satellites is vastly under used for studying marine mammals. An important element of assessing l…

The electrical transport behavior of lizardite was investigated by in-situ impedance measurements up to 22.6 GPa in a diamond anvil cell with comparation to its dehydrated counter…

Mixing along the salt-freshwater interface is critical for geochemical reactions, transport and transformation of nutrients and contaminants in coastal ecosystems. However, the me…

Exploration of SST-Streamflow connection unravels the large scale climate influences that have a potential role in modulating local hydrological components. Most studies exploring…

The Southern African Magnetotelluric Experiment (SAMTEX) involved the collection of data at over 700 sites in Archean to Proterozoic southern Africa, spanning features including t…

Earth angular momentum forecasts are naturally accompanied by forecast errors that typically grow with increasing forecast length. In contrast to this behavior, we have detected l…

Tropical islands are simultaneously some of the most biodiverse and vulnerable places on Earth. Water resources help maintain the delicate balance on which the ecosystems and the …

New bioavailable nitrogen (N) from biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) is critical for the N budget and productivity of marine ecosystems. Nitrogen-fixing organisms typically inact…

An assessment was carried out of the relationship between the Corona Virus (covid-19) and the spread across Iraq of various heavy metal contaminations. At the onset, all the confi…

The RHARM (Radiosounding HARMonization) algorithm is the first to provide homogenized radiosonde-based records of temperature, relative humidity and wind profiles since 1978, alon…

Hydraulic tomography (HT) has been proven to be an effective approach in mapping the heterogeneity of hydraulic parameters. The travel-time based inversion (TTI) and geostatistica…

Strong solar flares are indeed rare events, which make the flare classification task a rare-event problem. Solar energetic particle events are even rarer space weather events as o…

From extracting nutrients to releasing energy, biological metabolism plays an integral role in determining evolutionary patterns of organisms through geologic time. A previous stu…

The rainfall-runoff model is essential to derive a relationship between Rainfall and Runoff, in which the hydrological response of the catchment can be derived. A real case study …

Uncertainty in the response of clouds to global warming remains a significant barrier to reducing uncertainty in climate sensitivity. A key question is the extent to which the dyn…

Inequalities persist in the geosciences. White women and people of color remain under-represented at all levels of academic faculty, including positions of power such as departmen…

A promising approach to improve cloud parameterizations within climate models and thus climate projections is to use deep learning in combination with training data from storm-res…

The field of MultiSector Dynamics (MSD) explores the dynamics and co-evolutionary pathways of human and Earth systems with a focus on critical goods, services, and amenities deliv…

The multiscale analysis of fracture patterns helps to define the geometric scaling laws and the genetic relationships correlating outcrop- and regional-scale structures in a fract…

Research interest in the Kinki region, southwestern Japan, has been aroused by the frequent occurrence of microearthquake activity that do not always coincide with documented acti…