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Upper-ocean heat content (UOHC) regulates air–sea exchange and tropical cyclone intensification; however, its variability at (sub)mesoscale remains insufficiently resolved. Here w…

Convective downdrafts are a crucial part of convective systems and can cause local damage by generating severe surface gusts. However, fully representing the mechanisms behind str…

We experimentally determined the multiaxial strength of buried surface hoar weak layers using displacement-controlled tests under combined normal and shear loading on a custom tes…

Complex sequences of sound produced by humpback whales were first scientifically described as “song” more than a half century ago and have since been recognized as shared and tran…

We identify a previously unresolved layer, which we term as the "W-Layer", warming at about 2 K h-1 directly above the stratocumulus cloud top using the line-by-line radiative tra…

Midlatitude atmospheric temperature distributions tend to be non-Gaussian. Therefore, mean and variance alone are not sufficient to calculate the magnitude and frequency of extrem…

On November 6, 2024, the Parker Solar Probe flew past Venus to make the first accurate electric field measurement in the nightside Venusian magnetosphere. To achieve this result, …

Volcanic activity in submarine calderas recurrently generates characteristic earthquakes on ring-fault systems driven by magma-induced stress. At Sumisu Caldera, M w 5.4–5.7 tra…

The Cloud vertical structure (CVS) is important, yet operational CVS products depend on active observation or reanalysis fields, limiting high-frequency monitoring. In this study,…

On 12 January 2022, an iceberg collapsed at the edge of frozen Atka Bay, Antarctica. The event generated seismic, hydroacoustic, and atmospheric infrasound waves recorded by a loc…

Simulation of turbulence in the atmospheric boundary layer is challenging due to the wide range of turbulent scales in the flow. To leverage the currently available computational …

The Beaufort Shelf has historically been reported to exhibit limited polynya activity in winter. Yet, recent satellite observations show episodic recurrence of a large polynya wes…

Road salt is widely used in many North American and European urban wintertime environments yet its impacts on tropospheric reactive chlorine species are still uncertain. We presen…

Extreme weather event prediction remains a critical challenge in operational forecasting, with conventional methods demonstrating limited accuracy for intensity change detection. …

Mesoscale oceanic eddies (O(100)km) play a key role in regulating climate by affecting the transport of heat and water mass properties. However, most climate models struggle to si…

Lagrangian coherent eddies efficiently transport water properties, such as heat and salt, as well as tracers, including oil, larvae, and Sargassum, throughout the ocean. For insta…

This study presents an integrated compound flood modelling framework for the analysis of Cyclone FANI (2019), which caused extensive inundation in the coastal regions of Odisha, I…

Organic matter in carbonate rocks plays a crucial role in processes like fluid flow regulation, carbon sequestration, contaminant transport, and hydrocarbon recovery. This study e…

Land surface models are increasingly used to simulate land surface processes at hyper-spatial resolutions (e.g., ~1 km). As model resolution increases, grid-scale topographic effe…

Infrasound monitoring activities that deal with long-range acoustic propagation, as within the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty’s (CTBT), need accurate and operational modeli…

We assemble the highest-resolution data set of Love wave phase velocities measured across the continental U.S. to date, combining observations from ambient noise and teleseismic e…

This study presents the development and evaluation of TCWA1, a revised one-moment bulk cloud microphysics scheme designed for operational forecasting at the Taiwan Central Weather…

Seasonal anoxia in the hypolimnion of freshwater reservoirs can degrade water quality by promoting the release of iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn). To address these issues, hypolimnet…

Rainfall characteristics such as intensity, duration, and frequency, are key determinants of the hydrogeomorphic response of a catchment. The presence of non-linear and threshold …

We present a data-assimilative regional ocean biogeochemical model, ASTE-BGC, which simulates the physical and biogeochemical state of the North Atlantic Ocean from 2002 to 2017. …

The record-breaking global mean surface temperature (GMST) in 2023 and 2024 came as a surprise to the scientific community, raising the question whether it provides evidence for a…

Different ways of counting heat-related deaths (HRD) can give you very different numbers. This study examines HRD in Texas using three different definitions: The Optimal Temperatu…