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Sputnik Planitia on Pluto is a vast plain consisting of a nitrogen ice deposit filling a broad topographic depression, likely an impact basin. The basin displays a broad, raised r…

Oceanic mesoscale eddies play an important role in preconditioning and restratifying the water column before and after mixing events, thereby affecting deep water formation variab…

Seismic velocity structures have been estimated using ambient noise records observed by distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) technology. Previous studies have obtained S-wave veloci…

The spatial patterns of earthquake ground motion amplitudes are commonly represented using a double couple model that corresponds to shear slip on a planar fault. While this frame…

Recent measurements collected by the Mars Curiosity Rover at the Gale Crater revealed an unexpectedly large seasonal cycle of molecular oxygen (O2). We use a 1-D photochemical mod…

A new automated method to retrieve charge layer polarity from flashes, named Chargepol, is presented in this paper. Using data from the NASA Lightning Mapping Array (LMA) deployed…

Storms propagate over the ocean and create moving patches of strong winds that generate swell systems. Here, we describe the dynamics of wave generation under a moving storm by us…

Long-period (LP), hybrid and volcano-tectonic (VT) seismicity are important indicators for tracking the evolution of volcanic processes. However, classification of a large number …

Climate and weather extremes such as heat waves, droughts, extreme precipitation events or cold surges have huge social and economic impacts that are expected to increase with cli…

The properties of Earth’s albedo and its symmetries are analyzed using twenty years of space-based Energy Balanced And Filled product of Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy Syst…

We quantify the temperature-dependence of the clear-sky climate sensitivity in a one-dimensional radiative-convective equilibrium model. The atmosphere is adjusted to fixed surfac…

Electrical and electromagnetic (EM) techniques are used to map the electrical resistivity of the subsurface. The injection of carbon dioxide (CO2) is likely to form a lenticular, …

We report here a slow-moving landslide revealed by Sentinel-1 interferometric time-series analysis. Located along the western coast of the Aral Sea, with a >80-km length and 4-km …

Understanding the complex interplay between erosional and depositional processes, and their relative roles in shaping landscape morphology is a question at the heart of geomorphol…

The separation of contributions from different sources in the magnetic field signal measured at satellite altitude is an open challenge. An approach to this problem, using Princip…

Flow through partially frozen pores in granular media containing ice or gas hydrate plays an essential role in diverse phenomena including methane migration and frost heave. As fr…

There is a growing need to address water security issues in Canada in relation to global warming effects and water management issues. Stable water isotopes (𝛿2H and 𝛿18O) have bec…

The long-term variations in the South Asian monsoon have been inferred based on the variations in the ocean productivity along the western coast of the Arabian Sea. The variations…

Seagrasses and mangroves are crucial sources of atmospheric methane (CH 4 ) from coastal areas. To study the dynamics of CH 4 cycling at subtropical seagrass and mangrove, we stud…

Determining the aperiodicity of large earthquake recurrences is key to forecast future rupture behaviour. Aperiodicity is classically expressed as the coefficient of variation of …

Though thermohaline staircases exist in a large region of the Arctic, the interactions of such staircases with shear and turbulence are still largely unexplored. We perform a seri…

This study focuses on determining the orientation and constraining the magnitude of the present-day stress in the Dezful Embayment in Iran’s Zagros Fold and Thrust Belt. Two datas…

Thawing of mountain permafrost in response to rising temperatures degrades the stability of rock walls and thereby affects infrastructure integrity in Alpine terrain. In this stud…

Two oceanographic cruises were completed in September 2016 and August 2017 to investigate the distribution of particulate organic matter (POM) across the northeast Chukchi Shelf. …

The polar summer mesosphere is the Earthâ\euro™s coldest region, allowing the formation of mesospheric ice clouds. These ice clouds produce strong polar mesospheric summer echoes …

Despite consensus that projected climate changes may result in significant threats to human health, and considerable research on extreme temperature-health risks in adults, there …

Determination of biophysical properties of mangroves, e.g. tree height and diameter at breast height, is necessary for assessing mangrove ecosystem dynamics and growth. However, t…

Tropical anvil clouds are an important player in Earth’s climate and climate sensitivity, but simulations of anvil clouds are uncertain. Here we pinpoint one source of uncertainty…

COVID-19’s impact on society and our daily habits has been unprecedented. With a decrease in vehicular traffic and industrial production, a decrease in local emissions was expecte…

The High Accuracy Satellite Drag Model (HASDM) is the operational thermospheric density model used by the US Space Force (USSF) Combined Space Operations Center (CSpOC). By using …

As the largest river basin on Earth, the Amazon is of major importance to the world’s climate and water resources. Over the past decades, advances in satellite-based remote sensin…

A better understanding of Earth’s core-mantle boundary (CMB) region is required to address major questions about our planet’s internal dynamics, magnetic field, and thermal evolut…

The ocean’s “biological pump” significantly modulates atmospheric carbon dioxide levels. However, the complexity and variability of processes involved introduces uncertainty in in…

This study explores potential prospects of rare earth elements (REEs) in Mansehra Granitic Complex (MGC), including Mansehra Granite, Hakale Granite, microgranites and leucogranit…

Midlatitude prediction on subseasonal timescales is difficult due to the chaotic nature of the atmosphere and often requires the identification of favorable atmospheric conditions…

The Atlantic Tradewind Ocean-Atmosphere Mesoscale Interaction Campaign (ATOMIC) took place in January-February 2020. It was designed to understand the relationship between shallow…

The Space Weather editorial board is mandating Plain Language Summaries to enhance access and create new ways for the information to be shared.

The long-chain diol index (LDI) is a relatively new proxy for sea surface temperature (SST) which has been rarely applied in upwelling regions. Here, we evaluated its application …

We developed a flexible finite-fault inversion method for teleseismic P waveforms to obtain a detailed rupture process of a complex multiple-fault earthquake. We estimate the dist…

The term “weather whiplash” was recently coined to describe abrupt swings in weather conditions from one extreme to another, such as from a frigid cold spell to anomalous warmth o…

Field-scale properties of fractured rocks play crucial role in many subsurface applications, yet methodologies for identification of the statistical parameters of a discrete fract…

The tropical temperature in the free troposphere deviates from a theoretical moist-adiabat. The overall deviations are attributed to entrainment of dry surrounding air. The deviat…

Most cumulus parametrizations today make use of a simple conceptual model of convection, called the mass-flux approach. This approach depicts convection as an ensemble of updrafts…

An observationally-constrained time series of historical aerosol effective radiative forcing (ERF) from 1750 to 2019 is developed in this paper. We find that the time history of a…

Serpentinization of ultramafic rocks is fundamental to modern plate tectonics and for volatile (re-)cycling into the mantle and magmatic arcs. Serpentinites are also highly reacti…

Idealized models can reveal insights into Earth’s climate system by reducing its complexities. However, their potential is undermined by the scarcity of fully coupled idealized mo…

Fluid pressurization of critically stressed sheared zones can trigger slip mechanisms at work in many geological processes. Using discrete element modeling, we simulate pore-press…

There are different numerical models, such as the transmission-line matrix model or partially uniform knee model used to predict Schumann radiation. This report introduces a new i…

Frost weathering is a major control of rockwall erosion in alpine environments. Previous frost cracking model approaches used air temperatures as a proxy for rock temperatures to …

We assess the potential implementation of earthquake early warning (EEW) across Europe, where there is a clear need for measures that mitigate seismic risk. EEW systems consist of…