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Showing 58301 to 58350 of 59105 works
A comparison of GPS, VLBI and model estimates of ocean tide loading displacements
In recent years, Ocean Tide Loading Displacements (OTLD) have been measured using the Global Positioning System (GPS) and Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI). This study asse…
GPS sidereal filtering: coordinate- and carrier-phase-level strategies
Multipath error is considered one of the major errors affecting GPS observations. One can benefit from the repetition of satellite geometry approximately every sidereal day, and a…
Basis functions for the consistent and accurate representation of surface mass loading
Inversion of geodetic site displacement data to infer surface mass loads has previously been demonstrated using a spherical harmonic representation of the load. This method suffer…
Decreasing cloud cover drives the recent mass loss on the Greenland Ice Sheet
The Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) has been losing mass at an accelerating rate since the mid-1990s. This has been due to both increased ice discharge into the ocean and melting at th…
Using filtered and semi-continuous high rate GPS for monitoring deformations
Multipath is a major sidereally-repeating error affecting precise GPS positioning and deformation monitoring. Because satellite-receiver geometry repeats almost exactly every side…
J2: an evaluation of new estimates from GPS, GRACE and load models compared to SLR
Changes in J2, resulting from past and present changes in Earth’s climate, are traditionally observed by Satellite Laser ranging (SLR). Assuming an elastic Earth, it is possible t…
An examination of network RTK GPS services in Great Britain
As of March 2009, network real-time kinematic (RTK) GPS surveying is available in Great Britain with the aid of two commercial service providers, Leica’s “SmartNet” and Trimble’s …
Ocean tide loading and relative GNSS in the British Isles
Ocean tide loading (OTL) affects all parts of the British Isles to varying degree, causing peak-to-peak vertical displacements of up to 13 cm in South-West England over semi-diurn…
Increased ice loading in the Antarctic Peninsula since the 1850s and its effect on Glacial Isostatic Adjustment
Antarctic Peninsula (AP) ice core records indicate significant accumulation increase since 1855, and any resultant ice mass increase has the potential to contribute substantially …
Enhancement of the accuracy of single epoch GPS positioning for long baselines by local ionospheric modelling
Single-epoch relative GPS positioning has many advantages, especially for monitoring dynamic targets .In this technique, errors occurring in previous epochs cannot affect the posi…
Computationally Efficient Tsunami Modelling on Graphics Processing Units (GPU)
Tsunamis generated by earthquakes commonly propagate as long waves in the deep ocean and develop into sharp-fronted surges moving rapidly towards the coast in shallow water, which…
Work optimization predicts accretionary faulting: An integration of physical and numerical experiments
We employ work optimization to predict the geometry of frontal thrusts at two stages of an evolving physical accretion experiment. Faults that produce the largest gains in efficie…
Ratcheting up ambition in climate policy
The historic Paris Agreement aims to constrain the peak increase in global mean temperature to 1.5 °C, or at least well below 2 °C. Every country has committed to device their own…
Extreme UK Rainfall and Natural Climate Variability: Combining models and data
The return periods for extreme events are estimated from observational datasets. Often those datasets are relatively short in comparison to timescales of natural climate variabili…
Ratio-to-moving-average seismograms: a strategy for improving correlation detector performance
Correlation detectors are becoming a standard method for identifying seismic signals from repeating sources. These highly sensitive, source-specific detectors frequently facilitat…
Improvements to Seismic Monitoring of the European Arctic Using Three-Component Array Processing at SPITS
The detectability of low magnitude seismic events in the European Arctic is determined primarily by the small-aperture International Monitoring System arrays ARCES and SPITS. In A…
Seismic Monitoring of the North Korea Nuclear Test Site Using a Multichannel Correlation Detector
North Korea announced a second nuclear test on 25 May 2009, the first having taken place on October 9, 2006. Both tests were detected by the global seismic network of the Comprehe…
Different frequencies and triggers of canyon filling and flushing events in Nazaré Canyon, offshore Portugal
Submarine canyons are one of the most important pathways for sediment transport into ocean basins. For this reason, understanding canyon architecture and sedimentary processes has…
Pseudotachylyte as field evidence for lower crustal earthquakes during the intracontinental Petermann Orogeny (Musgrave…
Geophysical evidence for lower continental crustal earthquakes in almost all collisional orogens is in conflict with the widely accepted notion that rocks, under high grade condit…
Quantifying closed-basin lake temperature and hydrology by inversion of oxygen isotope and trace element paleoclimate r…
Lake systems are important paleoclimate archives that preserve ecosystem and hydrologic responses to critical periods in Earth history, such as carbon cycle perturbations and glac…
Global Sensitivity Analysis of Parameter Uncertainty in Landscape Evolution Models
Landscape Evolution Models have a long history of use as exploratory models, providing greater understanding of the role large scale processes have on the long-term development of…
Distribution of discontinuous mudstone beds within wave-dominated shallow-marine deposits: Star Point Sandstone and Bla…
Deposits of wave-dominated shorelines are typically considered to act as relatively simple hydrocarbon reservoirs and are commonly modeled as “tanks of sand”. However, important h…
The detection of low magnitude seismic events using array-based waveform correlation
It has long been accepted that occurrences of a known signal are most effectively detected by cross-correlating the incoming data stream with a waveform template. Such matched sig…
The European Arctic: A Laboratory for Seismoacoustic Studies
We describe the seismoacoustic monitoring network in Fennoscandia and North West Russia and present how it is being used to characterize infrasound studies in that part of the wor…
Collinearity assessment of geocentre coordinates derived from multi-satellite SLR data
Of the three satellite geodetic techniques contributing to the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF), Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) is generally held to provide the mos…
Weakening of nonlinear ENSO under global warming
This is the pre-peer reviewed version of the following article: Kohyama, T., D. L. Hartmann, and D. S. Battisti (2018), Weakening of nonlinear ENSO under global warming, Geophys. …
Geostatistical modelling of cyclic and rhythmic facies architectures
A pluri-Gaussian method is developed for facies variables in three dimensions to model vertical cyclicity, related to facies ordering, and rhythmicity. Cyclicity is generally char…
Environmental signal propagation in sedimentary systems across timescales
Review of concepts of environmental signal (climate, tectonics, anthropogenic, etc.) propagation in sedimentary systems from source to sink.
Understanding snow hydrological processes through the lens of stable water isotopes
Snowfall may have different stable isotopic compositions compared to rainfall, allowing its contribution to potentially be tracked through the hydrological cycle. This review summ…
Sequential growth of deformation bands in carbonate grainstones in the hangingwall of an active growth fault: Implicati…
Deformation bands in porous sandstones have been extensively studied for four decades, whereas comparatively less is known about deformation bands in porous carbonate rocks, parti…
Pastoralism may have delayed the end of the green Sahara
The benefits of pastoralism for marginal, arid environments are often not appreciated. One notable past example of the human response to encroaching desertification comes from the…
Rifts and Rifted Margins: A Review of Geodynamic Processes and Natural Hazards
This review provides an introduction to the geodynamic processes that influence tectonic rift evolution and rifted margin architecture. With a strong focus on numerical modeling, …
Controls of inherited lithospheric heterogeneity on rift linkage: Numerical and analog models of interaction between th…
Inherited rheological structures in the lithosphere are expected to have large impact on the architecture of continental rifts. The Turkana depression in the East African Rift con…
Evaluating uncertainties in the calibration of isotopic reference materials and multi-element isotopic tracers (EARTHTI…
A statistical approach to evaluating uncertainties in the calibration of multi-element isotopic tracers has been developed and applied to determining the isotopic composition of m…
Seismotectonics of a diffuse plate boundary: Observations off the Sumatra-Andaman trench
Seismic slip extends from maximum expected depth through the crust in 45-75 Ma oceanic lithosphere in the Indo-Australian intraplate region off the Sumatra-Andaman trench. Large (…
Data quality of collocated portable broadband seismometers using direct burial and vault emplacement
Temporary broadband sensor deployments have traditionally been predominantly emplaced using shallow vaults that require more materials, personnel, and time than direct burial. How…
Magmatic Densities Control Erupted Volumes in Icelandic Volcanic Systems
The control of magmatic physical properties on the range and volumetric distribution of eruptions has been investigated for the active volcanic zones of Iceland. Magmatic density …
Constraints on the numerical age of the Paleocene‐Eocene boundary
Here we present combined radioisotopic dating (U-Pb zircon) and cyclostratigraphic analysis of the carbon isotope excursion at the Paleocene-Eocene (P-E) boundary in Spitsbergen t…
UPb LA-(MC)-ICP-MS dating of rutile: New reference materials and applications to sedimentary provenance
In response to the general lack of sufficiently abundant and high quality rutile UPb reference materials for in situ geochronology, we have characterised two new potential rutile …
Multiple Palaeoproterozoic carbon burial episodes and excursions
Organic-rich rocks (averaging 2–5% total organic carbon) and positive carbonate-carbon isotope excursions ( ‰ δC13>+5‰ and locally much higher, i.e. the Lomagundi-Jatuli Event)…
Dating the termination of the Palaeoproterozoic Lomagundi-Jatuli carbon isotopic event in the North Transfennoscandian …
Existing radio-isotopic age constraints indicate that the global Palaeoproterozoic Lomagundi-Jatuli large, positive carbonate carbon isotopic excursion, with δ13C values >+5‰, …
A users guide to Neoproterozoic geochronology
Geochronology is essential for understanding Neoproterozoic Earth history. Here we review the types of rocks and minerals that are used to date geologic events and the analytical …
Isotopic composition (238U/235U) of some commonly used uranium reference materials
We have determined 238U/235U ratios for a suite of commonly used natural (CRM 112a, SRM 950a, and HU-1) and synthetic (IRMM 184 and CRM U500) uranium reference materials by therma…
U-Pb geochronology and global context of the Charnian Supergroup, UK: Constraints on the age of key Ediacaran fossil as…
U-Pb (zircon) ages for key stratigraphic volcanic horizons within the ~3200-m-thick Ediacaran-age Charnian Supergroup provide an improved age model for the included Avalonian asse…
238U/235U Systematics in Terrestrial Uranium-Bearing Minerals
The present-day 238U/235U ratio has fundamental implications for uranium-lead geochronology and cosmochronology. A value of 137.88 has previously been considered invariant and has…
Duration and nature of the end-Cryogenian (Marinoan) glaciation
The end-Cryogenian glaciation (Marinoan) is portrayed commonly as the archetype of snowball Earth, yet its duration and character remain uncertain. Here we report U-Pb zircon ages…
Precision and Accuracy in Geochronology
Geochronology in Earth and Solar System science is increasingly in demand, and this demand is not only for more results, but for more precise, more accurate, and more easily inter…
Synchronizing terrestrial and marine records of environmental change across the Eocene–Oligocene transition
Synchronizing terrestrial and marine records of environmental change across the Eocene–Oligocene transition
Could the IMS Infrasound Stations Support a Global Network of Small Aperture Seismic Arrays?
The IMS infrasound arrays have up to 15 sites with apertures up to 3 km. They are distributed remarkably uniformly over the globe, providing excellent coverage of South America, A…
The 2015 MW 7.1 Earthquake on the Charlie-Gibbs Transform Fault: Repeating Earthquakes and Multi-modal Slip on a Slow O…
The slow spreading rate Charlie-Gibbs Atlantic transform fault slips in large (M~7) quasi-repeating earthquakes. The foreshocks, aftershocks, and unilateral rupture of the 2015 ea…
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