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Showing 5501 to 5550 of 59105 works
Confronting the convective gray zone in the global configuration of the Met Office Unified Model
In atmospheric models with kilometer-scale grids the resolution approaches the scale of convection. As a consequence the most energetic eddies in the atmosphere are partially reso…
A novel ice-core laser melting sampler for discrete, sub-centimeter depth-resolved analyses of stable water isotopes
We developed a novel ice-core laser melting sampler (LMS) to measure the stable water isotope ratios (δ18O and δD) as temperature proxies at ultra-high depth resolutions. In this …
Diagnosing the thickness-weighted averaged eddy-mean flow interaction in an eddying North Atlantic ensemble, Part I: Th…
The thickness-weighted average (TWA) framework, which treats the residual-mean flow as the prognostic variable, provides a clear theoretical formulation of the eddy feedback onto …
The Dynamics of Unlikely Slip: 3D Modeling of Low-angle Normal Fault Rupture at the Mai’iu Fault, Papua New Guinea
Despite decades-long debate over the mechanics of low-angle normal faults dipping less than 30°, many questions about their strength, stress, and slip remain unresolved. Recent ge…
Ice sheet and climate processes driving the uncertainty in projections of future sea level rise: a structured expert ju…
The ice sheets covering Antarctica and Greenland present the greatest uncertainty in, and largest potential contribution to, future sea level rise. The uncertainty arises from a p…
Localizing Hydrological Drought Early Warning using In-situ Groundwater Sensors
Drought Early Warning Systems (DEWSs) aim to spatially monitor and forecast risk of water shortage to inform early, risk-mitigating interventions. However, due to the scarcity of …
A Travel-time Path Calibration Strategy for Back-Projection of Large Earthquakes and Its Application and Validation thr…
We investigate the impact of source-side 3D velocity structure on teleseismic travel-time in back projection (BP) analysis of large earthquakes. We use travel-time data of telesei…
A Lacunarity Based Index for Spatial Heterogeneity
Characterizing spatial heterogeneity is fundamental in numerous areas, yet defining spatial patterns often depends on qualitative assessments or a priori knowledge. Lacunarity ana…
The Role of Background Stress State in Fluid-Induced Aseismic Slip and Dynamic Rupture on a 3-meter Laboratory Fault
Fluid injection stimulates seismicity far from active tectonic regions, however the details of how fluids modify on-fault stresses and initiate seismic events remains poorly under…
Are large earthquakes preferentially triggered by other large events?
Fundamentally related to the ultraviolet (UV) divergence problem in Physics, conventional wisdom in seismology is that the smallest earthquakes, which are numerous and often go un…
Assessment of Drainage Congestion at Sylhet City of Bangladesh and Development of Stormwater Drainage Masterplan Using …
Rapid population growth in Bangladesh has led to an increase in the rate of urbanization across the country. Runoff is increased due to an increase in impervious surfaces as a res…
Sediments in sea ice drive the Canada Basin surface Mn maximum: insights from an Arctic Mn ocean model
Biogeochemical cycles in the Arctic Ocean are sensitive to the transport of materials from continental shelves into central basins by sea ice. However, it is difficult to assess t…
Landslide Sensitivity and Response to Precipitation Changes in Wet and Dry Climates
Slow-moving landslides are hydrologically driven. Yet, landslide sensitivity to precipitation, and in particular, precipitation extremes, is difficult to constrain because landsli…
The Second Century Drought in the Upper Colorado River Basin
Evidence based on sparse tree-ring data suggests a severe sustained drought occurred in the 2nd century CE that could have rivaled medieval period droughts in the Colorado River b…
Training physics-based machine-learning parameterizations with gradient-free ensemble Kalman methods
Most machine learning applications in Earth system modeling currently rely on gradient-based supervised learning. This imposes stringent constraints on the nature of the data used…
Mirror mode storms observed by Solar Orbiter
Mirror modes are ubiquitous in space plasma and grow from pressure anisotropy. Together with other instabilities, they play a fundamental role in constraining the free energy cont…
LOFAR observations of refractive scattering from substructure within a traveling ionospheric disturbance at mid-latitud…
The large scale morphology and finer sub-structure within a slowly propagating traveling ionospheric disturbance (TID) are studied using wide band trans-ionospheric radio observat…
Why do the global warming responses of land-surface models and climatic dryness metrics disagree?
Earth System Models’ complex land components simulate a patchwork of increases and decreases in surface water availability when driven by projected future climate changes. Yet, co…
Evaluation on the Steady-state Assumption of the Global Vegetation Carbon from Multi-Decadal Space-borne Observations
Vegetation turnover time (τ) is a central ecosystem property to quantify the global vegetation carbon dynamics. However, our understanding of vegetation dynamics is hampered by th…
Long-term prediction of Sudden Stratospheric Warmings with Geomagnetic and Solar Activity
Polar vortex is a strong jet of westerly wind which forms each winter around the polar stratosphere. Sometimes, roughly every other winter, the polar vortex in the Northern Hemisp…
Use of Regression Analysis to determine the impact of Rainfall on Indian Agriculture During Covid-19
Covid- 19 dominantly impacted the Indian agricultural sector. During the period of COVID-19 the southwest monsoon covered a major part of the country, thus resulting in an increas…
High-frequency sensor data capture short-term variability in Fe and Mn cycling due to hypolimnetic oxygenation and seas…
The biogeochemical cycles of iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) in lakes and reservoirs have predictable seasonal trends, largely governed by stratification dynamics and redox condition…
Watermass co-ordinates isolate the historical ocean warming signal
Persistent warming and water cycle change due to anthropogenic climate change modifies the temperature and salinity distribution of the ocean over time. This ‘forced’ signal of te…
Global Radiative Flux Profile Dataset: Revised and Extended
The third generation of the radiative flux profile data product, called ISCCP-FH, is described. The revisions over the previous generation (called ISCCP-FD) include improvements i…
The impact of realistic topographic representation on the parameterisation of oceanic lee wave energy flux
Oceanic lee waves are generated when quasi-steady flows interact with rough topography at the bottom of the ocean, providing an important sink of energy and momentum from the mean…
Products and dynamics of lava-snow explosions: the 16 March 2017 explosion at Mt Etna (Italy)
Volcanic hazards associated with lava flows advancing on a snow cover are often underrated. On 16 March 2017, during a mild effusive-explosive eruption at Mt Etna (Italy) a slowly…
Distinct regional meteorological influences on low cloud albedo susceptibility over global marine stratocumulus regions
Marine stratocumuli cool the Earth effectively due to their high reflectance of incoming solar radiation, and persistent occurrence. The susceptibility of cloud albedo to droplet …
Comparing the Latitudinal Ranges of Genera of Mollusca and Arthropoda Before and After the End-Permian Extinction
The end-Permian mass extinction event resulted in the loss of approximately 80% to 90% of marine animal species due to drastic changes in climate. Because warming was a major fact…
Artifacts in high-frequency surface wave dispersion imaging
Surface wave methods are non-invasive, low-cost, and robust approaches to image near-surface S-wave velocity (Vs) structure. In terms of the energy source types, they can be class…
Roles of Percolation Theory In Solutions of Critical Zone Hydrology And The Water Cycle
Percolation theory addresses the spatial and temporal scaling properties of disordered networks, both for topological and transport-related processes. The critical zone is, effect…
Investigating Spatiotemporal Patterns of Soil Moisture - Precipitation Dependence over India
Compound event research has gained a lot of momentum over the past few years. Traditionally risk assessment studies used to consider only one climatic driver/ process at a time. H…
Two Air Quality Regimes in Total Column NO2 over the Gulf of Mexico in May 2019: Shipboard and Satellite Views
The Satellite Coastal and Oceanic Atmospheric Pollution Experiment (SCOAPE) cruise in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) was conducted in May 2019 by NASA and the Bureau of Ocean Energy Man…
Pathways of Nitrous Oxide Production in the Eastern Tropical South Pacific Oxygen Minimum Zone
Oceanic emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O) account for roughly one-third of all natural sources to the atmosphere. Hot-spots of N2O outgassing occur over oxygen minimum zones (OMZs)…
Algorithm Stability and the Long-Term Geospace Data Record from TIMED/SABER
The ability of satellite instruments to accurately observe long-term changes in atmospheric temperature depends on many factors including the absolute accuracy of the measurement,…
Double reservoirs imaged below Great Sitkin Volcano, Alaska, explain the migration of volcanic seismicity
Volcanic seismicity provides essential insights into the behavior of an active volcano across multiple time scales. However, to understand how magma moves as an eruption evolves, …
Quantifying radiation belt electron loss processes at L < 4
We present a comprehensive analysis of the processes that lead to quasilinear pitch-angle-scattering loss of electrons from the L < 4 region of the Earth’s inner magnetosphere dur…
The Music of Rivers: The Mathematics of Waves Reveals Global Structure and Drivers of Streamflow Regime
River flows change on timescales ranging from minutes to millennia. These variations influence fundamental functions of ecosystems, including biogeochemical fluxes, aquatic habita…
Summer-Winter Contrast in the Response of Precipitation Extremes to Climate Change over Northern Hemisphere Land
Climate models project a distinct seasonality to future changes in daily extreme precipitation. In particular, models project that over land in the extratropical Northern Hemisphe…
Compositional Variations in Sedimentary Deposits in Gale Crater as Observed by ChemCam Passive and Active Spectra
During the first 2934 sols of the Curiosity rover’s mission 33,468 passive visible/near-infrared reflectance spectra were taken of the surface by the mast-mounted ChemCam instrume…
Examining Parameterizations of Potential Temperature Variance Across Varied Landscapes for use in Earth System Models
Earth system models (ESMs) and mesoscale models have come to employ increasingly complex parameterization schemes for the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL), requiring surface bound…
Super-resolution reconstruction of hydrate-bearing sediment computed tomography images for microscopic detection of por…
The pore structure of marine sediments varies with the distribution of gas-hydrate, hence affecting the gas-water permeability. CT image is a conventional approach to view the int…
Detection of forced change within combined climate fields using explainable neural networks
Assessing forced climate change requires the extraction of the forced signal from the background of climate noise. Traditionally, tools for extracting forced climate change signal…
Visions of the Arctic Future: Blending Computational Text Analysis And Structured Futuring to Create Story-based Scenar…
The future of Arctic social systems and natural environments is highly uncertain. Climate change will lead to unprecedented phenomena in the pan-Arctic region, such as regular shi…
Ring current morphology from MMS observations
We directly estimate the in situ current density of the Earth’s ring current (RC) using the curlometer method and investigate its morphology using the small spatial separations an…
Gas emissions and sub-surface architecture of fault-controlled geothermal systems: a case study of the North Abaya geot…
East Africa hosts significant reserves of untapped geothermal energy. Most exploration has focused on geologically young (<1 Ma) silicic caldera volcanoes, yet there are many site…
2022 Tonga volcanic eruption induced global propagation of ionospheric disturbances via Lamb waves
The Tonga volcano eruption at 04:14:45 UT on 2022-01-15 released enormous amounts of energy into the atmosphere, triggering very significant geophysical variations not only in the…
Prediction of the anisotropic effective moduli of shales based on the Mori-Tanaka model and digital core technique
Natural rocks belong to the polymineral composite material with complex microstructures. Such a strong heterogeneity of rocks makes it difficult to estimate the effective moduli b…
Dry Deposition Methods Based on Turbulence Kinetic Energy: Part 2. Extension to Particle Deposition Using a Single-Poin…
Magnitude of atmospheric turbulence, a key driver of several processes that contribute to aerosol (i.e., particle) deposition, is typically underrepresented in current models. Var…
Multi-pulse corona discharges in thunderclouds observed in optical and radio bands
How lightning initiates inside thunderclouds remains a major puzzle of atmospheric electricity. By monitoring optical emissions from thunderstorms, the Atmosphere-Space Interactio…
Methane's Solar Radiative Forcing
Methane (CH 4 ) has significant absorption bands at wavelengths of 1.7, 2.3, 3.3 and 7.6 µm which absorb incoming solar ‘shortwave’ (SW) radiation and cause a radiative forcing (R…
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