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The Southern Ocean absorbs approximately 45–62% of global upper-ocean heat gain and experienced an unprecedented Antarctic sea ice regime shift from 2016. Standard solar–climate a…

• Frictional ruptures initiate via a characteristic nucleation process that triggers dynamic rupture essentially • Nucleation replaces the concept of a ‘static friction coefficien…

Iron limits phytoplankton growth across vast ocean areas, particularly in high-nutrient, low-chlorophyll regions. Yet, the global dynamics of iron stress remain poorly understood.…

Accurate estimation of surface energy fluxes is essential for understanding land–atmosphere interactions, yet many existing models requires numerous parameters that are often diff…

Assessing tidal stream energy resource typically involves the application of numerical models calibrated against sparse Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) data. This introdu…

In Iran, both local and regional scale land-surface deformation has resulted from the decline in groundwater levels \cite{Motagh_2008} . Moreover, the gap between groundwater extr…

Natural hazards such as floods, hurricanes, heatwaves, and wildfires cause significant economic losses (e.g., agricultural and property damage) as well as a high number of fatalit…

During the wintertime 2019-2020 of the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition, state-of-the-art remote sensing techniques have …

Small uncrewed aerial systems (sUAS) equipped with appropriate sensors can provide high-resolution in situ and remote sensing measurements in adverse flight conditions at a relati…

The northern Antarctic Peninsula (NAP) is a key region of the Southern Ocean due to its complex ocean dynamics, distinct water mass sources, and the climate-driven changes taking …

As greenhouse gas emissions increase worldwide, the planet is continuing to warm, changing water amounts and timing. Drought frequency in Canada is expected to increase due to gla…

We present a comprehensive N-body dynamical stability analysis of the LHS 1903 exoplanetary system, a compact four-planet system orbiting a 0.538M⊙ M-dwarf star recently confirmed…

Dynamic influences on summertime seasonal United States rainfall variability are not well understood. A major cause of moisture transport is the Great Plains low-level jet (LLJ). …

Recent years have witnessed devastating weather extremes, so it is no surprise that people have started wondering, “what’s up with the weather?” The potential role of climate chan…

Permafrost-affected ecosystems are prone to warming and thawing, which can increase the availability of subsurface nitrogen (N) with consequences for otherwise N-limited tundra ve…

Elevated ozone (O3) pollution in the warm season is an emerging environmental concern affecting global highly urbanized megacities. In southwestern China, full characterization of…

Learning progressions provide a sequence, or progression, of concepts from naive to sophisticated. Astrobiology educators and scientists have identified the need to develop learni…

Modeling the mechanical deformation of geological materials across the vast range of relevant thermodynamic conditions and dynamic processes remains a fundamental challenge in Ear…

Icy planetesimals are thought to contribute to the volatile inventory of terrestrial planets and serve as building blocks of icy bodies in the outer Solar System. Samples from the…

In the outer solar system beyond Jupiter, water ice is a dominant component of planetary bodies, and most solid objects in this region are classified as icy bodies. Icy bodies dis…

We applied seismic interferometry to tiltmeter data at Mt. Aso to monitor temporal variations in seismic wave velocity. We focused on the very-low-frequency band (0.01–0.1 Hz), wh…

The Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI) provides a relative humidity measurement sensor (HS) for NASA’s Mars 2020 rover. The sensor is a part of the Mars Environmental Dynamic …

Earth Observations (EO) systems aim to monitor nearly all aspects of the global Earth environment. Observations of Essential Water Variables (EWVs) together with advanced data ass…

Forecasting of hanging glacier instabilities remains challenging as sensing technology focusing on the ice surface fail to detect englacial damage leading to large-scale failure. …

The various extreme weather events that occurred globally in 2021, from Europe to China to North America, served as yet another reminder that robust strategies for climate adaptat…

Coastal communities, economy, and biodiversity are increasingly threatened by escalating environmental challenges. Addressing these necessitates multi-scale data-driven solutions.…

The dynamics of proglacial areas strongly depend on the interplay between glacier discharge and sediment transport. While most investigations focus on relatively long time scales …

Cloud and precipitation processes remain major sources of uncertainty in atmospheric models, partly because traditional bulk microphysics represent particle size distributions (PS…

A variety of processes lead to tropical cumulonimbus clouds and anvils. Convection draws moist air into clouds from below, resupplying water lost to precipitation. Cloud condensat…

The recently launched Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) satellite is capable of measuring sea surface height anomaly (SSHA) at fine spatial scales (1–10km). We use machine…

The Canadian Drought Monitor (CDM) shows that substantial dry conditions persist across Canada since the drought of 2023. We analyze these dry conditions within a longer historica…

Slip distribution along tectonic faults is recognized as highly heterogeneous across all spatial scales and is linked to various aspects of the earthquake cycle, such as aftershoc…