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Showing 5351 to 5400 of 59105 works
U-Net Segmentation for the Detection of Convective Cold Pools From Cloud and Rainfall Fields
Convective cold pools (CPs) are known to mediate the interaction between convective rain cells and thereby help organize thunderstorm clusters, in particular mesoscale convective …
Carbon cycle responses to changes in weathering and the long-term fate of stable carbon isotopes
The causes of the variations in CO 2 of the past million years remain poorly understood. Imbalances between the input of elements from rock weathering and their removal from the a…
High carbon mineralization rates in subseafloor hadal sediments - Result of frequent mass wasting
In the past 20 years, the exploration of deep ocean trenches has led to spectacular new insights. Even in the deepest canyons, an unusual variety of life and unexpectedly high ben…
Cause of a lower-tropospheric high-ozone layer in spring over Hanoi
The ozonesonde observations in Hanoi, Vietnam, over fourteen years since 2004 have confirmed the enhancement in lower tropospheric ozone concentration at about 3 km altitude in th…
Estimation of OH in urban plume using TROPOMI inferred NO2/CO
A new method is presented to estimate urban OH concentrations using the downwind decay of the TROPOMI derived NO2/CO ratio combined with Weather Research Forecast (WRF) simulation…
Degradation of Commercially Available Digital Camera Images due to Variation of Rainfall Intensity in Outdoor Conditions
Camera-based rainfall observation is a useful technology that contributes to the densification of rainfall observation networks because it can measure rainfall with high spatio-te…
Incorporating Network Scale River Bathymetry to Improve Characterization of Fluvial Processes in Flood Modeling
Several studies have focused on the importance of river bathymetry (channel geometry) in hydrodynamic routing along individual reaches. However, its effect on other watershed proc…
On the relevance of aerosols to snow cover variability over High Mountain Asia
While meteorology and aerosols are identified as key drivers of snow cover variability in High Mountain Asia (HMA), complex non-linear interactions between them are not adequately…
Deep learning and transfer learning of earthquake and quarry-blast discrimination: Applications to southern California …
Discrimination between tectonic earthquakes and quarry blasts is important for accurate earthquake cataloging and seismic hazard analysis. However, reliable classification is chal…
Dust Storms, Valley Fever, and Public Awareness
Inspired by Comrie (2021), we discuss a few issues related to dust storms and Coccidioidomycosis (Valley fever). There is inconsistency in the term “dust storm” as used by science…
Magnetosheath jet occurrence rate in relation to CMEs and SIRs
Magnetosheath jets constitute a significant coupling effect between the solar wind (SW) and the magnetosphere of the Earth. In order to investigate the effects and forecasting of …
Data Gathering Strategies for Water Security: a Proposed Framework Approach
At the international level, the term “water security” (WS) has gained increasing attention in recent decades. At the operational level, WS is assessed using tools that define the …
Simulating Hail and Lightning over the Alpine Adriatic Region - A model Intercomparison Study
Hail is a significant convective weather hazard, often causing considerable crop and property damage across the world. Although extremely damaging, hail still remains a challengin…
Drivers of surface salinity changes in the Greenland-Iceland Seas on seasonal and interannual time scales - a climate m…
The Arctic climate is changing dramatically, especially in terms of sea ice loss, with potentially large downstream impacts on the Nordic Seas and the North Atlantic Ocean. The Ea…
Long-term (2000-2020) variability of in situ time series of Carbonyl Sulfide
The monthly time series of carbonyl sulfide (OCS) atmospheric mole fractions measured at NOAA network stations (2000 to 2020) have been analyzed, and the long-term behaviour has b…
Evaluating the effects of precipitation and evapotranspiration on soil moisture variability
The effects of precipitation (Pr) and evapotranspiration (ET) on soil moisture play an essential role in the land-atmosphere system. Here we evaluate multimodel differences of the…
Identifying historical climate changes through spatial analogs
Spatial analogs have previously been used to communicate climate projections by comparing the future climate of a location with an analogous recent climate at a different location…
A Storyline Approach to the June 2021 Northwestern North American Heatwave
Northwestern North America has experienced an exceptional heatwave in late June 2021 with many new temperature records across western Canada, Oregon and Washington states. Here we…
Evaluation of the Outstanding Track Performance of the GFDL SHiELD Global Model During the 2021 Atlantic Hurricane Seas…
The 13 km SHiELD (System for High-resolution prediction on Earth-to-Local Domains) global model that is under development at the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) and r…
Common errors in the regional atmospheric circulation simulated by the CMIP multi-model ensemble
The ability of global climate models to reproduce recurrent regional atmospheric circulation types is introduced as an overarching concept to explore potential dependencies betwee…
Transport and Confinement of Plumes from Tropopause-Overshooting Convection over the Contiguous United States During th…
Tropopause-penetrating overshooting convection (OC) can transport tropospheric air into and affect the composition of the lower stratosphere. During the warm season, OC occurs fre…
Oscillations of the Ionosphere Caused by the 2022 Tonga Volcanic Eruption Observed with SuperDARN Radars
On 15 January 2022, the submarine volcano on the southwest Pacific island of Tonga violently erupted. Thus far, the ionospheric oscillation features caused by the volcanic eruptio…
Clumped methane isotopologue-based temperature estimates for sources of methane in marine gas hydrates and associated v…
Gas hydrates stored in the continental margins of the world’s oceans represent the largest global reservoirs of methane. Determining the source and history of methane from gas hyd…
Local seismicity around the Chain Transform Fault at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge from OBS observations
Seismicity along transform faults provides important constraints for our understanding of the factors that control earthquake ruptures. Oceanic transform faults are particularly u…
Three-dimensional Configuration of Induced Magnetic Fields around Mars
Using over 6 years of magnetic field data (2014.10-2020.12) collected by the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN), we conduct a statistical study on the three-dimensiona…
Identifying Biosignatures in a Mars-Analogue Volcanic Rock: the ~3.5 Ga Kitty’s Gap Chert
Documentation of primitive terrestrial life signatures and the methods used to characterize them will be relevant to identify signatures of biological origin at the surface of Mar…
On the Spatial Variability of the Sea Surface Height Wavenumber Spectra in the Atlantic Ocean
The wavenumber spectral slope of sea surface height (SSH) computed within the mesoscale range from satellite altimetry exhibits a large spatial variability which, until now, has n…
3-D S Wave Imaging via Robust Neural Network Interpolation of 2-D Profiles from Wave equation Dispersion Inversion of S…
Ambient noise seismic data are widely used by geophysicists to explore subsurface properties at crustal and exploration scales. Two-step dispersion inversion schema is the dominan…
Biomarker and pollen evidence for late Pleistocene pluvials in the Mojave Desert
The climate of the southwestern North America has experienced profound changes between wet and dry phases over the past 200 kyr. To better constrain the timing, magnitude and pale…
Modeling the Effects of Drift Orbit Bifurcation on Radiation Belt Electrons
Drift Orbit Bifurcation (DOB) has been suggested to play a major role in the loss and transport of radiation belt electrons since it violates the second and third adiabatic invari…
Modeling dike propagation in both vertical length and horizontal breadth
We present analogue experiments on dike propagation in gelatin, on which we base a numerical model of horizontal and vertical growth. Experimental results show that vertical growt…
Topological relationships-based flow direction modeling: mesh-independent river networks representation
River networks are important features in surface hydrology. However, accurately representing river networks in spatially distributed hydrologic and Earth system models is often se…
Fingerprint of climate change on Southern Ocean carbon storage
The Southern Ocean plays a critical role in the uptake, transport and storage of carbon by the global oceans. It is the ocean’s largest sink of CO2, yet it is also among the regio…
Mapping and identification of molecular markers for the Pc96 gene conferring resistance to crown rust in oat
Oat crown rust caused by Puccinia coronata Cda f. sp. avenae Erikss (Pca), is a major constraint to oat (Avena sativa L.) production in many parts of the globe, with host resistan…
Method of distributions for quantification of geologic uncertainty in flow simulations
Probabilistic models of subsurface flow and transport are required for risk assessment and reliable decision making under uncertainty. These applications require accurate estimate…
Quantifying volumetric scattering bias in ICESat-2 and Operation IceBridge altimetry over snow-covered surfaces
The Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2) mission has collected global surface elevation measurements for over three years. ICESat-2 carries the Advanced Topograph…
Lahar simulation using Laharz_py program for the Mt. Halla volcano, Jeju, Korea
This study using Laharz_py program, was performed schematic prediction on the impact area of lahar hazards at the Mt. Halla volcano, Jeju island volcanic field, Korea. In order to…
A New Aerosol Dry Deposition Model for Air Quality and Climate Modeling
Dry deposition of aerosols from the atmosphere is an important but poorly understood and inadequately modeled process in atmospheric systems for climate and air quality. Compariso…
Projected Changes in Future Extreme Precipitation over the Northeast US in the NA-CORDEX Ensemble
The northeast United States is a densely-populated region with a number of major cities along the climatological storm track. Despite its economic and social importance, as well a…
Scaling laws in Aeolian sand transport under low sand availability
Previous studies of wind-blown sand have considered either fully erodible or non-erodible soils, but the transport over sparsely sand-covered soils is still poorly understood. The…
Observationally constrained equatorward shift of the jet streams in response to ocean warming and sea-ice loss combined
We examine the midlatitude jet stream responses to projected Antarctic and Arctic sea-ice loss and global ocean warming in coordinated multi-model experiments from the Polar Ampli…
Method of distributions for two-phase flow in heterogeneous porous media
Multiscale heterogeneity and insufficient characterization data for the specific subsurface formation of interest render predictions of multi-phase fluid flow in geologic formatio…
Deviation of Mercury's spin axis from an exact Cassini state induced by dissipation
We compute predictions of the deviation of Mercury’s spin axis from an exact Cassini state caused by tidal dissipation, and viscous and electromagnetic (EM) friction at the core-m…
Experimental thermocline deepening alters vertical distribution and community structure of phytoplankton in a four-year…
1. Freshwater phytoplankton communities are currently experiencing multiple global change stressors, including increasing frequency and intensity of storms. An important mechanism…
Reflectance of Jezero crater floor: 1. Data processing and calibration of the Infrared Spectrometer (IRS) on SuperCam
The Perseverance rover, Mars 2020 mission, landed on the surface of the Jezero Crater, on February, 18th 2021. This Martian crater is suspected to have hosted a paleolake as evide…
Markov Chain Monte Carlo with Neural Network Surrogates: Application to Contaminant Source Identification
Subsurface remediation often involves reconstruction of contaminant release history from sparse observations of solute concentration. Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC), the most acc…
Hydrology as driver of floating river plastic transport
Plastic pollution in aquatic ecosystems is a growing threat to ecosystem health and human livelihood. Recent studies show that the majority of environmental plastics accumulate wi…
How unexpected was the 2021 Pacific Northwest heatwave?
The 2021 Pacific Northwest heatwave featured record-smashing high temperatures, raising questions about whether extremes are changing faster than the mean, and challenging our abi…
Climate and human impacts on hydrological processes and flood risk in southern Louisiana
Satellite observations of coastal Louisiana indicate an overall land loss over recent decades, which could be attributed to climate- and human-induced factors, including sea level…
Evaluating Northern Hemisphere Growing Season Net Carbon Flux in Climate Models Using Aircraft Observations
Understanding terrestrial ecosystems and their response to anthropogenic climate change requires quantification of land-atmosphere carbon exchange. However, top-down and bottom-up…
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