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Showing 5201 to 5250 of 59105 works
Penetrating Electric Field Simulated by the MAGE and Observed by ICON
Using the newly developed, Multiscale Atmosphere-Geospace Environment (MAGE) model, we simulated the penetrating electric field in the equatorial region under different interplane…
Characterizing the phenotypic basis of lodging tolerance in the underutilized cereal teff
Teff (Eragrostis tef) is an underutilized cereal grown primarily by small-scale farmers in Ethiopia, where it thrives under arid conditions unsuitable for other grain crops. Incom…
Exploring the Source Regions and Paths of Atmospheric Moisture, and the Associated Atmospheric-Land Interactions that P…
Over the last several decades, heat waves have notably increased in frequency, intensity, and duration in the United States. Studies have credited these trends to a warming climat…
Long-term Trends in the Upper atmosphere using the incoherent scatter radar observations over Arecibo
Upper atmospheric long-term trends could be examined in the ion temperatures ($T_i$) at the ionospheric F-region altitudes by the close coupling between neutrals and ions. We have…
Multiple magma sources beneath the Okmok caldera as inferred from local earthquake tomography
Okmok volcano located on the northeastern part of the Umnak Island is one of the most active volcanoes in the Aleutian Arc. It was initially built as a large shield volcano, but w…
Detection of earthquake precursors using neural networks
Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) can detect patterns that are otherwise difficult to identify and have been shown to excel in predicting fault characteristics in laboratory sh…
CO2 Exchange Forecasting of a Tundra Gradient in Greenland Between 1991 and 2100
The Arctic is one of the regions in our planet with strongest warming observed and it is also almost certain to continue to change in the near future. The continuous change in key…
The representation of sea salt aerosols and their role in polar climate within CMIP6
Natural aerosols and their interactions with clouds remain an important uncertainty within climate models, especially at the poles. Here, we study the behavior of sea salt aerosol…
Coherence of Eddy Kinetic Energy Variation during Eddy Life Span to Low-frequency Ageostrophic Energy
The evolution of mesoscale eddies is crucial for understanding the ocean energy cascade. Using global reanalysis sea surface velocity data and mesoscale eddy trajectory product tr…
Observed equatorward propagation and chimney effect of near-inertial waves in the mid-latitude ocean
The propagation characteristics of near-inertial waves (NIWs) and how mesoscale and submesoscale processes affect the waves’ vertical penetration (i.e., the chimney effect) are in…
High Latitude Ionospheric Electrodynamics During STEVE and Non-STEVE Substorm Events
Previous studies have shown that Strong Thermal Emission Velocity Enhancement (STEVE) events occur at the end of a prolonged substorm expansion phase. However, the connection betw…
Non-local Eddy-Mean Kinetic Energy Transfers in Submesoscale-Permitting Ensemble Simulations
Understanding processes associated with eddy-mean flow interactions helps our interpretation of ocean energetics, and guides the development of parameterizations. Here, we focus o…
Diagnosing scale-dependent energy cycles in a high-resolution isopycnal ocean model
Energy exchanges between large-scale ocean currents and mesoscale eddies play an important role in setting the large-scale ocean circulation but are not fully captured in models. …
Uncertainty decomposition to understand the influence of water systems model error in climate vulnerability assessments
Climate vulnerability assessments rely on water infrastructure system models that imperfectly predict performance metrics under ensembles of future scenarios. There is a benefit t…
On the decrease of tropical convection with global warming
Tropical convection is expected to decrease with warming, in a variety of ways. Specific incarnations of this idea include the ‘stability-iris’ hypothesis, as well as the decrease…
Microseismic Constraints on the Mechanical State of the North Anatolian Fault Thirteen Years after the 1999 M7.4 Izmit …
The 17 August 1999 $M_{w}$7.4 Izmit earthquake ruptured the western section of the North Anatolian Fault Zone (NAFZ) and strongly altered the fault zone properties and stress fiel…
Divide migration and escarpment retreat: numerical models and application to the rift margin of Madagascar
A great escarpment at a rift margin can correspond directly to a major water divide but at many margins, including in Madagascar, the escarpment often appears as a steep knickzone…
Interpreting the history of Blood Falls and the terminus of Taylor Glacier, Antarctica through photographs and field ob…
Taylor Glacier, located in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica has piqued curiosity since the first observations in 1903. Episodic release of iron-rich brine at or near the glac…
Serpentinites of Different Tectonic Origin in an Exhumed Subduction Complex (New Caledonia, SW Pacific)
Owing to the importance of serpentinites for planetary geochemical and geodynamic processes, there has been much work discerning the origins of their parent rocks, including disti…
Past the precipice? Projected coral habitability under global heating
Coral reefs are rapidly declining due to local environmental degradation and global climate change. In particular, corals are vulnerable to ocean heating. Anomalously hot sea surf…
Phenotypic Parameters Prediction of Lettuce based on Computer Vision and Regression
To obtain phenotypic parameters by means of lossy measurement, we proposed a comprehensive and integrated approach to predict different parameters of four varieties of lettuces. B…
δ18O as a tracer of PO43- losses from agricultural landscapes
Accurately tracing the sources and fate of excess PO43- in waterways is necessary for sustainable catchment management. The natural abundance isotopic composition of O in PO43- (δ…
Photodissociation of particulate nitrate as a source of daytime tropospheric Cl2
Chlorine atoms (Cl) are highly reactive and can strongly influence the abundances of climate and air quality-relevant trace gases. Despite extensive research on molecular chlorine…
In-situ tin casting combined with three-dimensional scanner to quantify structural 1 characteristics of anecic earthwor…
Earthworms play a critical role in soil ecosystems. Analyzing the spatial structure of earthworm burrows is important to understand their impact on water flow and solute transport…
Permian magnetostratigraphy and end of the Kiaman Reverse Polarity Superchron from the southeast Karoo Basin, South Afr…
Paleomagnetic results and a ~2353 m-thick magnetostratigraphic section for undeformed middle to late Permian rocks in the southeast of the Karoo Basin of South Africa are reported…
Moss crusts mitigate the negative impacts of shrub mortality on nutrient multifunctionality of desert soils
The distribution of a mosaic of biological soil crusts (BSCs) and shrubs is a common landscape surface feature in temperate deserts. With the continued climatic change, the desert…
How is spatial homogeneity in precipitation extremes changing globally?
The effect of climate change on precipitation intensity is well documented. However, findings regarding changes in spatial extent of extreme precipitation events are still ambiguo…
Spatiotemporal Distribution of Heatwave Hazards in Chinese Mainland for the Period 1990-2019
Heatwaves occurred frequently in summers, severely harming natural environment and human society. While a few long-term spatiotemporal heatwave studies have been conducted in Chin…
Deriving Sea Subsurface Temperature Fields from Satellite Remote Sensing Data Using a Generative Adversarial Network Mo…
Ingenious use of multisource satellite observations to accurately invert global and regional subsurface thermohaline structure is essential for understanding ocean interior proces…
The Urban Lightning Effect Revealed with Geostationary Lightning Mapper Observations
Within the Charlotte, North Carolina, to Atlanta, Georgia, megaregion (Charlanta), the Atlanta metropolitan area has been shown to augment proximal cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning …
Fate and changes in moisture evaporated from the Tibetan Plateau (2000-2020)
Total evaporation from the vast terrain of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) may strongly influence downwind regions. However, the ultimate fate of this moisture remains unclear. This stud…
When record breaking heat waves should not surprise: skewness, heavy tails and implications for risk assessment
Extreme heat waves beset western North America during 2021, including a 46.7°C (116°F) observation in Portland, Oregon, an astonishing 5°C above the previous record. Using Portlan…
Vertical structure of turbulence and fluxes across cloud mesoscale organizations from the WP-3D Orion aircraft during A…
In-situ measurements of the trade cumulus boundary layer turbulence structure are compared across large-scale circulation conditions and cloud horizontal organizations during the …
Characterizing performance of freshwater wetland methane models across time scales at FLUXNET-CH4 sites using wavelet a…
Process-based land surface models are important tools for estimating global wetland methane (CH 4 ) emissions and projecting their behavior across space and time. So far there are…
Ganymede MHD Model: Magnetospheric Context for Juno’s PJ34 Flyby
On June 7th, 2021 the Juno spacecraft visited Ganymede and provided the first in situ observations since Galileo’s last flyby in 2000. The measurements obtained along a one-dimens…
Regional character of geomagnetic field directional circularity: Holocene Eastern North America
This study summarizes paleomagnetic secular variation (PSV) in five published Holocene records from Eastern North America. We have developed 100-year increment time series for the…
Hydrological Perspectives on Integrated, Coordinated, Open, Networked (ICON) Science
Hydrologic sciences depend on data monitoring, analyses, and simulations of hydrologic processes to ensure safe, sufficient, and equal water distribution. These hydrologic data co…
Realising the Circular Phosphorus Economy delivers for Sustainable Development Goals
While it remains debated if the mineral deposits mined for phosphorus fertilizer are running out, phosphorus insecurity is an emerging global issue. We explore how it is linked to…
New physical implications from revisiting foreshock activity in southern California
Foreshock analysis promises new insights into the earthquake nucleation process and could potentially improve earthquake forecasting. Well-performing clustering models like the Ep…
Particle Number Size Distribution of Wintertime Alpine Aerosols and Their Activation as Cloud Condensation Nuclei in th…
In this study, particle number size distribution (PNSD) and concentration of cloud condensation nuclei ( N CCN ) were observed at the summit of Mt. Hua during Dec. 16 th 2020 - Ja…
Magmatic ignitor kick-starts subduction initiation
Subduction is fundamental for maintaining plate tectonics. Magmatic record of subduction initiation offers pivotal clues for understanding the nucleation and propagation of a new …
Ultra-Slow Discharges That Precede Lightning Initiation
We report on ultra-slowly propagating discharge events with speeds in the range 1-13 km/s, much lower than any known lightning process. The propagation speeds of these discharges …
Isogeochemical Characterization of Mountain System Recharge Processes in the Sierra Nevada, California
Mountain System Recharge (MRS) processes are the natural recharge pathways in arid and semi-arid mountainous regions. However, MSR processes are often poorly understood and charac…
Advanced classification of ionospheric troughs in midnight conditions
This study utilizes a novel technique to separate and classify different ionospheric troughs from CHAMP satellite data in the winter midnight ionosphere of the southern hemisphere…
Road sediment, an underutilized material in environmental science research: A review of perspectives on United States s…
Road sediment is a pervasive environmental medium that acts as both source and sink for a variety of natural and anthropogenic particles and often is enriched in heavy metals. Roa…
An Integrated Evaluation Framework based on Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation for Quantifying Uncertainty i…
Evaluation of the performance of hydrologic and hydraulic models is a crucial step in the modeling process. Considering the limitations of single statistical metrics, such as the …
Estimating Bayesian Model Averaging Weights and Variances of Ensemble Flood Modeling Using Multiple Markov Chains Monte…
As all kinds of physics-based and data-driven models are emerging in the fields of hydrologic and hydraulic engineering, Bayesian model averaging (BMA) is one of the popular multi…
Optimisation of Urban-Rural Nature-Based Solutions for Integrated Catchment Water Management
Urban-rural nature-based solutions (NBS) have co-benefits for water availability, water quality, and flood management. Searching for optimal integrated urban-rural NBS planning to…
What aspect of model performance is the most relevant to skillful future projection on regional scale?
Weighting models according to their performance has been used in constructing multi-model regional climate change scenarios. But the added value of model weighting is not always e…
Predicting infrasound transmission loss using deep learning
Modelling the spatial distribution of infrasound attenuation (or transmission loss, TL) is key to understanding and interpreting microbarometer data and observations. Such predict…
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