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Showing 5101 to 5150 of 59105 works
Rapid characterization of large volcanic eruptions: measuring the impulse of the Hunga Tonga explosion from teleseismic…
Most of the largest volcanic activity in the world occurs in remote places as deep oceans or poorly monitored oceanic islands. Thus, our capacity of monitoring volcanoes is limite…
A Unified Mean Velocity Equation of Debris Flows on the Basis of Physical Mechanics: Inspirations from some Arguments a…
The physical mechanics and velocity of debris flow are crucial for debris flow mitigation measures. The two aspects closely relate to the grain composition, density, and flow dept…
Very long period seismic signatures of unsteady eruptions predicted from conduit flow models
Explosive volcanic eruptions radiate seismic waves as a consequence of pressure and shear traction changes within the conduit/chamber system. Kinematic source inversions utilize t…
Annually-resolved propagation of CFCs and SF6 in the global ocean over eight decades
Oceanic transient tracers, such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and sulfur-hexafluoride (SF6), trace the propagation of intermediate-to-abyssal water masses in the ocean interior. T…
How do earthquakes stop? Insights from a minimal model of frictional rupture
The question “what arrests an earthquake rupture?” sits at the heart of any potential prediction of earthquake magnitude. Here, we use a one-dimensional, thin-elastic-strip, minim…
A theoretical asperity contact creep model of interfacial friction for geomaterials
How to reveal the physical mechanism affecting the contact and friction behavior of geomaterials is still a challenging problem in predicting geological disasters, such as landsli…
Deceleration of Madden-Julian Oscillation Speed in NICAM AMIP-type Simulation Associated with Biases in the Walker Circ…
The eastward movement speed of Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) events simulated in a 30-year simulation on a global cloud resolving model, nonhydrostatic icosahedral atmospheric m…
Plants and Pollutants: Exploring salt and cadmium stress response in Sea Rocket
Anthropogenic factors such as climate change, harsh agricultural practices, and mining have contributed to increases in soil salinization and heavy metal contamination. Highly sal…
Exclusion and Subjugation in the Earth Sciences: Performing the Origins of US Geology from the Classroom to the Field
Stories about the foundation of US geology as a discipline are prominent in the culture of field geology today. This article traces the threads of such “origin stories” through fi…
Onshore Diffusion of Circumpolar Deep Water
Warm, salty Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW) has long been regarded as the climatological driver for Antarctica, but the mechanism of how it can reach the continental shelf remains un…
Evolution of ocean circulation in the North Atlantic Ocean during the Miocene: impact of the Greenland ice sheet and th…
Modern Ocean is characterized by the formation of deep-water in the North Atlantic (i.e. NADW). This feature has been attributed to the modern geography, in which the Atlantic Oce…
Concurrent extreme events of atmospheric moisture transport and continental precipitation: the role of landfalling atmo…
An analysis of concurrent extreme events of continental precipitation and Integrated Water Vapour Transport (IVT) is crucial to our understanding of the role of the major global m…
Mantle anisotropy in NW Namibia from XKS splitting: asthenospheric flow, magmatic underplating, and lithospheric sheari…
The presence of the Etendeka flood basalts in northwestern Namibia is taken as evidence for the activity of the Tristan da Cunha mantle plume during the breakup process between Af…
Study of the Water Quality of Natural Water Sources in the Alkalaa Municipal Community Area -- South Lebanon
Around the world, water is considered a fundamental factor, and plays a role in public health and economic growth. Both the water development rates and the proportion of the popul…
Climatic controls on individual ostracode stable isotopes in a desert lake: a modern baseline for Lake Turkana
Stable carbon (δ¹³C) and oxygen (δ¹⁸O) isotope measurements in lacustrine ostracodes are widely used to infer past climatic conditions. Previous work has used individual ostracode…
Global Monsoon Changes with Specific Warming Levels in Two Large-Ensemble Simulations
Projection of the global monsoon (GM) system is essential for water resource management, food security, and policymaking. Here we investigate projected changes in global monsoon a…
A Method for Assimilating Pseudo Dewpoint Temperature as a Function of GLM Flash Extent Density in GSI-Based EnKF Data …
In this study, a new lightning data assimilation (LDA) scheme using Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM) flash extent density (FED) is developed and implemented in the National Se…
Stronger Response to the Aerosol Indirect Effect due to Cooling in Remote Regions
It is often assumed that effective radiative forcings, regardless of forcing agent, are additive in the temperature change. Using climate model simulations with abruptly applied a…
Canopy height and climate dryness parsimoniously explain spatial variation of unstressed stomatal conductance
The spatio-temporal variation of stomatal conductance directly regulates photosynthesis, water partitioning, and biosphere-atmosphere interactions. While many studies have focused…
A physical-statistical recipe for representation of small scale oceanic turbulent mixing in climate models
It is well established that small scale cross-density (diapycnal) turbulent mixing induced by breaking of overturns in the interior of the ocean plays a significant role in sustai…
Minimizing the Exposure Risk from Groundwater Pollution by Optimizing the Extraction Patterns
Optimization models for minimizing pollutant exposure from groundwater resources require time and resources that many communities might not have ready access to due to their econo…
No mantle convection and earthquakes 2002 -2021
All important earthquakes have been investigated from 2002 to 2021, their tidal origin proven and prediction stated. Prediction concerned earthquakes in Central Italy for 2016 and…
On the impacts of ice cover on flow profiles in a bend
We investigate the impact of ice coverage on flow and bed shear stress profiles in a river bend. We perform field measurements using Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) in a …
Processing digital elevation data for deep learning models using Keras Spatial
Most state-of-the-art deep learning systems have their roots in computer vision, which force the remote sensing community to develop ad-hoc procedures for applying deep learning m…
High-resolution, basin-scale simulations reveal the impact of intermediate zonal jets on the Atlantic oxygen minimum zo…
Intermediate, eastward zonal jets connect the oxygen-rich western boundary of the Atlantic Ocean with the oxygen minimum zones on the eastern boundary. These jets are not well rep…
What Drives Plate Motion?
Plate motion is a remarkable Earth process and is widely ascribed to two primary driving forces: slab pull and ridge push. With the release of the first- and second-order stress f…
Land use analysis of the N’ZI watershed of Côte d’Ivoire using multi-date and multi-source satellite data
The uncontrolled rapid population growth in our regions and strong industrialization are putting pressure on natural resources, accelerating climate change and desertification. Th…
Non-destructive interrogation of nuclear waste barrels through muon tomography: A Monte Carlo study based on dual-param…
The structural characterization of the sealed or shielded nuclear materials constitutes an indispensable aspect that necessitates a careful transportation, a limited interaction, …
Assimilation of High Resolution Elevation Data For Continental Scale Flood Inundation Mapping Derived from Height Above…
The National Water Model (NWM) currently requires the post-processing of forecast discharges to produce forecast flood inundation maps (FIM) that support the National Weather Serv…
Lithosphere Removal in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia
The Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (SNSM) in northwestern Colombia is one of the world’s highest coastal mountains, with an elevation above 5.7 km. Gravity measurements show that th…
Defining the Main Central Thrust in the Hazara-Kashmir Syntaxis, Northern Pakistan: Evidence from New Isotopic Data
Integrating detrital zircon U/Pb and whole-rock Nd data throughout the Himalayan arc provides the means to distinguish between the Tethyan (TH), Greater (GH), and Lesser Himalayan…
Global propagation of ionospheric disturbances associated with the 2022 Tonga Volcanic Eruption
In this study, we use measurements from over 4,735 globally distributed Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers to track the progression of travelling ionospheric dist…
Understanding the seasonality, trends and controlling factors of Indian Ocean acidification over distinctive bio-provin…
The Indian Ocean (IO) is witnessing acidification as a direct consequence of the continuous rising of atmospheric CO2 concentration and indirectly due to the rapid ocean warming, …
Viscoelastic behavior of clay mineral system with liquid phase at high pressure and high temperature
We conducted dynamic viscoelastic measurements of three clay minerals in a solid–liquid two-phase state: kaolinite, illite, and smectite with water. These constituents of concentr…
Seismic scattering property changes correlate with ground deformation at Suwanosejima volcano, Japan
The continuous estimation of changes in seismic velocity and seismic scattering property by passive interferometry using seismic ambient noise is a promising tool for monitoring v…
Transdisciplinary education to meet Earth system challenges: development of the Egyptian STEM school and teacher educat…
Following the establishment of the first STEM school in Egypt (in 2011), the Egyptian Ministry of Education and the USAID-funded Egypt’s STEM School Project began joint work creat…
Quantifying 3D Gravity Wave Drag in a Library of Tropical Convection-permitting Simulations for Data-driven Parameteriz…
Atmospheric gravity waves (GWs) span a broad range of length scales. As a result, the un-resolved and under-resolved GWs have to be represented using a sub-grid scale (SGS) parame…
Simultaneous creation of a large vapor plume and pumice raft by a shallow submarine eruption
The August 12, 2021 eruption of Fukutoku-Okanoba, a shallow submarine volcano in the Izu-Bonin arc of Japan, is one of few documented submarine eruptions to make a large aerial pl…
Self-supervised agricultural insect pest classification
Crop pest detection and mitigation remains an extremely challenging task for the farmers. Majority of the pest classification and detection techniques rely on supervised deep lear…
Impact of Resolution on the Representation of the Mean and Extreme Winds along Nares Strait
Nares Strait is the long and narrow strait bounded by steep topography that connects the Arctic Ocean’s Lincoln Sea to the North Atlantic’s Baffin Bay. The winds that blow along t…
Enhancing Municipal Water System Planning and Operations Through Climate-Sensitive Demand Estimates
High seasonality and interannual climate patterns drive the western U.S.’s water supply and demand variability. While the mean and variance of supply and demand drivers are changi…
Root adaptive responses for improvement of abiotic stress tolerance in Pennycress
Roots are the interface between the plant and the soil and play a central role in multiple ecosystem processes. With intensification of agricultural practices, rhizosphere process…
Validation of the DSCOVR Spacecraft Mission Space Weather Solar Wind Products
In this paper, we present a statistical validation of the DSCOVR solar wind data in the operational space weather archive. The DSCOVR observations of the interplanetary magnetic f…
Flood Defense Standard Estimation Using Machine Learning and Its Representation in Large-Scale Flood Hazard Modeling
We propose a machine learning-based approach to estimate the flood defense standard (FDS) for ungauged sites. We adopted random forest regression (RFR) to characterize the relatio…
Wastewater Treatment Process Improvement using Fate Modeling of Xenobiotic Organic Compounds
The presence of Xenobiotic Organic Compounds (XOCs) in municipal wastewater treatment plants’ effluent raises a global concern due to the easy consumption of these micropollutants…
Showcasing MESMER-X: Spatially resolved emulation of annual maximum temperatures of Earth System Models
Emulators of Earth System Models (ESMs) are complementary to ESMs by providing climate information at lower computational costs. Thus far, the emulation of spatially resolved clim…
Vibrational kinetics of NO and N2 in the Earth's middle atmosphere during GLE69 on January 20, 2005
The mechanisms of the production of vibrationally excited NO and N 2 molecules at the altitudes of the middle atmosphere of the Earth during high-energetic proton precipitation ar…
A short-term regional precipitation prediction model based on wind-improved spatiotemporal convolutional network
Accurate precipitation forecasting can better reflect climate change trends, provide timely and effective environmental information for management decisions, and prevent flood and…
Hidden magma system causing intense earthquake swarm in the northeastern Noto Peninsula, Japan
An intense earthquake swarm is occurring in the crust of the northeastern Noto Peninsula, Japan. Fluid movement related to volcanic activity is often involved in earthquake swarms…
Reducing a Stream Network's Horton-Strahler Stream Order Improves the Skill of Flood Inundation Maps from Height Above …
The National Water Model (NWM) currently requires the post-processing of forecast discharges to produce forecast flood inundation maps (FIM) to support the National Weather Servic…
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