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We investigated the volume, thickness, and potential vorticity (PV) variability in Subtropical Mode Water (STMW) by utilizing Argo data from 2004 to 2018. The thickness anomalies …

In 2024, the Amazon region experienced severe wildfires driven by exceptional drought conditions. Advanced fire emission models estimated Amazon carbon monoxide (CO) emissions bet…

Boundary layer turbulence necessitates parameterization in Earth system models of the subfilter-scale stress due to the unresolved turbulent flux of momentum. Here, a deep neural …

Pedotransfer functions (PTFs) are widely used to estimate soil hydraulic properties based on easily accessible soil information, playing an important role in the parameterization …

The observed increases in temperature and sea level are clearly driven by climate change, and these trends are projected to accelerate in the future. The ocean surface wave charac…

Recent machine learning models have shown great success for weather prediction tasks, suggesting that atmospheric dynamics can in principle be learned from data. However, such app…

The Gonnan superstorm significantly impacted the thermosphere-ionosphere system, causing unusual plasma density redistribution. Observations revealed enhanced electron density at …

Freshening of Antarctic shelf waters over the past five decades has reduced Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) volume. In the Ross Sea, however, a rebound in salinity has been observed…

The Taplejung tectonic window in eastern Nepal has a complex geological history of polyphase deformation. The window is made up of the Lesser Himalayan Sequence comprising low-gra…

Understanding the vertical structure of atmospheric aerosol is important for solar radiometric study across broad spectra. We focus on studies relevant to the Southeast Atlantic…

The stratification of the Arctic Ocean plays a central role in regulating heat fluxes from the ocean to the sea ice and atmosphere in the region. The stratification in the eastern…

Understanding projected changes in wave heights influenced by climate-driven factors, such as wind, sea ice, and sea level are essential for mitigating risks and ensuring sustaina…

We examined a combination of sediment biomarkers, including sterols, stanols, and δ 15 N, in lakes with well documented Sockeye salmon return histories to optimize methods to infe…

JupyterHub is an open-source system enabling multiple users to access individual computational environments. This facilitates collaborative development and execution of Jupyter no…

Hypoxia is an increasing concern along the Northeast Pacific continental margin, driven by oxygen (O₂) declines related to a warming climate. Despite a declining North Pacific O₂ …

Internal tides (ITs) are sub-surface gravity waves that generate significant sea surface height (SSH) signals detectable with satellite altimetry. The Surface Water Ocean Topograp…

Since 1980, the U.S. has experienced 391 climate disaster events that each caused over $1 billion in losses. Droughts account for 13% of these disasters, with total losses over $3…

We apply non-equilibrium thermodynamic framework to analyze the reaction-transport interaction of reversible dissolution-precipitation of calcite, characteristic to subsurface che…

The flux of galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) is modulated by solar activity on different time scales. This is often described with the force-field approximation via the single variable…

Monitoring and understanding volcano-seismic signals like long-period events and tremor can improve eruption forecasting. Rotational sensors are newly developed instruments that o…

In the sediment core (RC10-265PC) from the Gulf of Mexico (GoM), we studied the relationship between changes in primary productivity and potential sources of micronutrients throug…

Wildfires impact terrestrial landscapes and downstream river corridors. We assessed the impacts of burn area and burn severity on aquatic responses in hydrologic and biogeochemica…

Soil moisture dynamics play a crucial role in hydrological processes, influencing runoff generation, drought stress, and water management. To better understand the complex drivers…

This study focuses on the period from June 26 to 29, 2023, when record-breaking Canadian wildfires severely impacted air quality in the Midwest U.S. Using the Weather Research and…

Ozone is the third strongest anthropogenic greenhouse gas with highest radiative efficiency in the tropical upper troposphere. Variability driven by El Niño-Southern Oscillation (…

Over the last century, coastal oceans are losing ecosystem-critical dissolved oxygen (DO). Changing coastal ocean conditions influence water properties in connected estuaries, whi…

The rural coastal communities on the Eastern Shore of Virginia (ESVA) and their natural resources are increasingly threatened by climate change. These threats include saltwater in…

Dislocation-based dissipation mechanisms potentially control the viscoelastic response of Earth’s upper mantle across a variety of geodynamic contexts, including glacial isostatic…

Water exiting a catchment and flowing in rivers is characterized by a transit time distribution (TTD), which provides essential information on how catchments store and release wat…

Recent advances in machine learning (ML)-based earthquake detection and location techniques combined with dense seismic networks have dramatically increased the quantity of low-ma…

Iron is the primary limiting nutrient for phytoplankton growth, and consequently CO 2 drawdown, in the Southern Ocean. A recurring phytoplankton bloom above the Australian Antarct…

The low dimensionality of basalt geochemical data has long been inferred, but has not been quantitatively evaluated from the relationships among elemental contents. We developed r…

This study uses the Versatile Electron Radiation Belt (VERB) code to model Saturn’s radiation belt environment, investigating electron acceleration, loss, and transport mechanisms…

The application of a new approach to bias-correct Earth System Model (ESM) driving data for regional Climate Model (RCM) downscaling is presented. This approach employs a novel Em…

In Northwestern South America (NWSA) kinematic data point to a consistent northeastward displacement of blocks, while the geological record shows a predominant shortening in NW-SE…

A notable increase in the intensity of Persistent Extreme Precipitation (PEP) events over the Eastern Periphery of the Tibetan Plateau (EPTP) is observed after 2000, which is stro…

To simulate the elastic wave propagations in 3-dimensional (3D) anisotropic media, a 3D anisotropic lattice model is proposed. The derivation of the general relationship between t…

Magnetic holes have been studied for decades, but their three-dimensional structure has not been thoroughly investigated until now. We have identified solar wind magnetic holes ob…

The widespread impacts of declining Arctic sea ice necessitate accurate and reliable predictions. While much focus has been placed on sub-seasonal to seasonal forecasts or multi-d…

The biological carbon pump (BCP) transfers CO₂ from the surface ocean to deep waters and has historically regulated atmospheric CO₂ levels, accounting for around one-third of glac…