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The process of calibrating hydraulic models for water distribution systems (WDS) is crucial during the model-building process, particularly when determining the roughness coeffici…

The D/H ratio in water on Mars, Rwater, is 4–6× the Earth ratio, signifying past water loss to space. Recently, measurements have revealed high values of the D/H ratio in hydrogen…

Ocean components of Earth System Models employed for climate projections as yet do not routinely resolve mesoscale eddies for computational cost reasons, and the associated subgri…

Kongsfjorden is an Arctic fjord in Svalbard, which is largely influenced by the West Spitsbergen Current (WSC), transporting warm and salty Atlantic Water (AW) into the Arctic. Th…

We investigate the effect of extremely rough bathymetry on energy dissipation and mixing in a coastal region characterized by small-scale seafloor features penetrating a strongly-…

Using the Neutral Gas and Ion Mass Spectrometer (NGIMS) on the Mars Atmosphere Volatile and Evolution spacecraft (MAVEN) we analyzed data from Mars Year (MY) 32, 34, and 35 to exa…

We explore the potential of the adjoint-state full waveform tsunami inversion method for tsunami warning and source imaging using S-net, an array of ocean bottom pressure gauges. …

This paper investigates the application of physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) to solve free-surface flow problems governed by the two-dimensional shallow water equations (SW…

Current global actions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions are very likely to be insufficient to meet the climate targets outlined under the Paris Agreement. This motivates researc…

Volcanic glass and its mixture with smectite are commonly observed in shallow parts of subduction zones. As volcanic glass layers often act as a glide plane to induce mass transpo…

The total meridional heat transport (MHT) is relatively stable across different climates. Nevertheless, the strength of individual processes contributing to the total transport ar…

Zagros Orogeny System resulted due to collision of the Arabian with Eurasia. The region has the ocean-continent subduction and continent-continent collision; and convergence veloc…

Paleosecular variation analysis is a primary tool for characterizing ancient geomagnetic behavior and its evolution through time. This study presents a new high-quality directiona…

Transionospheric radio signals might undergo random modulations of their amplitude and phase caused by scattering on irregular structures in the ionosphere. This phenomenon, known…

The present study focuses on quantifying the impact of the choice of spatio-temporal resolution and hydrology models on the projection of extreme flow and their link to the catchm…

We present in this work a new discretization of the multi-layer quasi-geostrophic (QG) model that relies on implicit dissipation rather than additional explicit dissipation. It is…

Light-absorbing impurities such as mineral dust can play a major role in reducing the albedo of snow surfaces. Particularly in spring, deposited dust particles lead to increased s…

The two primary material requirements for a crewed habitat or spacecraft to operate beyond low earth orbit (LEO) include effective radiation shielding against the space radiation …

The Tropical cyclone (TC) forecast skill of the eight global medium-range forecast models which are participating in the DIMOSIC (DIfferent Models, Same Initial Conditions) projec…

Under the dual influence of socioeconomic development and climate change, water resources in China are under increasing stress. It is of great significance to comprehensively expl…

First-ever measurements of the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) dissipation rate in the northeastern Strait of Magellan (Segunda Angostura region) taken in March 2019 are reported h…

Injection or production of fluids from subsurface reservoirs lead to stress changes affecting both reservoir and surrounding rocks. For low-permeable caprocks overlying such reser…

SABER (Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry) is a 10-channel infrared radiometer that is one of four instruments on the NASA TIMED (Thermosphere-Ionosphe…

The global average temperature has increased significantly since the preindustrial era. Translating global warming into regional scales is crucial to formulate effective environme…

Accurate forecasting eruptive activity is a core challenge in volcanology. Here, we describe an end of eruption forecast during the 2021 La Palma eruption using continuous GNSS ge…

Dome Fuji, inland East Antarctica is one of only few regions where 1.5-Ma old ice can be preserved for investigating the mid-Pleistocene Transition. We used stochastic simulation …

Using ICON and GOLD satellite observations, the response of the thermospheric daytime horizontal winds and neutral temperature to the 2020/2021 major sudden stratospheric warming …

Energetic electron precipitation (EEP) associated with pulsating aurora can transfer greater than 30 keV electrons from the outer radiation belt region into the upper atmosphere a…

Chaos terrains are geologically young and extensively disrupted surface features of Europa, thought to be an expression of the subsurface ocean interacting with the surface. The m…

Physically-based soil erosion models are valuable tools for the understanding and efficient management of soil erosion related problems at the basin and river reach scales, as soi…

Understanding the partitioning of runoff into baseflow and quickflow is crucial for informed decision-making in water resources management, guiding the implementation of flood mit…

Key Points: • We use EISCAT UHF ISR data to study the 1-100 keV electron precipitation at 6 66.7° MLAT observed during 21 years. • The auroral electron precipitation occurrence ra…

According to the principle of thermal expansion and cold shrinking, it is found that there is a magic one-to-one correspondence between the existing eight ancient plates of the ea…

The South Brazil Bight is a section of the Brazilian margin mainly dominated by the poleward Brazil Current flow, their meanderings and eddies. We evaluated the mean mesoscale for…

We present a new magnetic map integrating continental and oceanic features at Santos Basin, in order to investigate the connection between onshore and offshore tectonics and magma…

While liquid environments with high salt content are of broad interest to the Earth and Planetary Science communities, instruments face challenges in detecting organics in hypersa…

Martian atmospheric dust is a major driver of weather, with feedbacks between atmospheric dust distribution, circulation changes from radiative heating and cooling driven by this …

Regardless of the steady increase of computing power during the last decades, 3D numerical models continue to be used in specific setups to investigate the thermochemical convecti…

The Icelandic mantle contains a range of lithologies associated with the depleted upper mantle, a mantle plume, and recycled oceanic lithosphere but the precise nature of depleted…

The Hunga Tonga Hunga-Ha’apai (HTHH) volcanic eruption on 15 January 2022 injected water vapor and SO2 into the stratosphere. Several months after the eruption, significantly stro…

The Ediacaran-aged Shuram excursion was the last and largest of the Neoproterozoic negative carbon isotope anomalies. Recognized in stratigraphic successions around the globe, it …

Dike swarms are ubiquitous on terrestrial planets and represent the frozen remnants of magma transport networks. However, spatial complexity, protracted emplacement history, and u…

We previously documented geographic distributions of the optically brightest lightning on Earth – known as “superbolts” – using two space-based instruments: the photodiode detecto…

Shallow cumulus clouds (ShCu) measurements are crucially important in evaluating Large-Eddy Simulations (LES) and ShCu-parameterizations in numerical weather and climate models. H…

Some observations of repeating earthquakes show an unusual, non self-similar scaling between seismic moment and corner frequency, a source property related to rupture size. These …

California is one of the only states actively managing trash in its rivers. Several community groups in the Pinole, CA and a scientist collaborated on a Thriving Earth Exchange co…

Shear wave velocity (Vs) estimations of accretionary prisms can pose unique constraints to the physical properties of rocks, which are hard to obtain from compressional velocities…

The anelastic reaction of planet-forming materials is successfully described by the Andrade rheological model, which presents an extension of the simple Maxwell rheology. In addit…

Waves at the electron plasma frequency are found throughout the heliosphere. They provide indicators of unstable electron distributions, are routinely used to estimate the local e…