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The Southern Ocean (SO) provides a unique natural laboratory for studying cloud formation and cloud-aerosol interactions with minimal anthropogenic influence. The Southern Ocean C…

• We present a deep learning framework that accurately predicts the evolution of cycloneinduced water levels across multiple domains. • An attention mechanism enhances the framewo…

The Lower Shear Zone (LSZ) of the ophiolitic Monviso Massif represents a fossil plate interface tectonically emplaced within the Western Alpine chain. The combination of structura…

Combined observations of phytoplankton abundance, community structure, and trace metals are limited but crucial for understanding Southern Ocean biogeochemistry. While summer stud…

This study presents a novel methodology for modeling volcanic deformation using synthetic InSAR data generated with the Mogi equation, combined with Gaussian noise simulation and …

We present the two-dimensional (2-D) speed profile of six stepped leaders with Terrestrial Gamma-ray Flashes (TGFs) (observed in 2021 (Abbasi et al., 2024) and 2022 (Kieu et al., …

The 6 February 2023 Kahramanmaraş Earthquakes (Mw 7.8 and Mw 7.6) caused extensive deformation along the East Anatolian Fault Zone, producing significant north-south displacements…

Accurate characterization of surface meteorological distributions over coastal areas and complex terrain, especially the relationship between temperature and altitude, is essentia…

Accurate modeling of infrasound transmission loss is essential for evaluating the performance of the International Monitoring System network, which monitors compliance with the Co…

The carbon dioxide fugacity in the global oceans has shown a slow upward trend, over the past 20 years, the carbon dioxide fugacity in global oceans has increased by 6.7%.This con…

The upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere (UMLT) is the least explored atmospheric region, with the variability of water vapor, ozone, and temperature remaining poorly understoo…

Sediments on Arctic continental shelves are impacted by sea ice and ice-related processes for up to nine months per year. As a result, seabed morphology in cold regions can exhibi…

Afforestation and bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) are two typical land-based carbon dioxide removal strategies to combat climate change. We use life cycle assess…

Using the two-way coupled magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) withembedded kinetic physics model, we perform a substorm event simulation to study the electron energization phenomena in Bur…

Ice-mass change induces regionally varying patterns of sea-level change due to gravitational, rotational, and deformational (GRD) effects, and these in turn influence marine-based…

To discuss slip behaviors in shallow slow earthquake regions, we investigate source characteristics of shallow very low frequency earthquakes (VLFEs) southeast off the Kii Peninsu…

This study presents the first regional-scale analysis to quantify decadal trends and drivers of surface ocean acidification (OA) across the highly sensitive Pacific-Arctic Regio…

Thermal and carbon states of the North Atlantic Ocean are affected on seasonal to decadal timescales by atmospheric forcing associated with the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). A…

As sea ice decreases, navigation in the Arctic is becoming more feasible, and new routes are likely to emerge. However, the impact of these potential routes on sea ice remains unc…

The recent European Space Agency Aeolus mission provided global coverage of horizontal line-of-sight (HLOS) wind profiles. Using observing system experiments with HLOS winds in th…

Dust aerosols play a crucial role in Earth’s biogeochemical processes by modulating solar radiation and affecting terrestrial ecosystem productivity. In China, extensive arid and …

We present MATRIX-VBS, a new aerosol scheme that simulates organic partitioning in an aerosol microphysics model, as part of the NASA GISS ModelE Earth System Model. MATRIX-VBS bu…

Full waveform inversion (FWI), a state-of-the-art seismic inversion algorithm, comprises an iterative data-fitting process to recover high-resolution Earth’s properties (e.g., vel…

The Community Earth System Model version 2 (CESM2) has a higher equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) than previous versions of CESM and many other Coupled Model Intercomparison P…

The discrepancy in the thermal conductivity (κ) of iron and iron-silicon alloys between experiments and theoretical calculations has hampered our understanding of the thermal stat…

Upper atmosphere whorls or vortices produced by an extreme geomagnetic storm were reported for the first time by Evans, Correira et al (2024). Evidence of the vortices was seen in…

Through its unique capacity for narrative transportation and its ability to create strong parasocial bonds with familiar and loved characters, mass media entertainment provides ne…

We present observations on 24 April 2023 by the Magnetospheric Multiscale spacecraft at the dayside, mid-latitude magnetopause, when an interplanetary magnetic cloud (MC) with …

Methylmercury (MeHg) is a neurotoxin that poses a significant threat to aquatic ecosystems, wildlife, and human populations through seafood consumption. Microbial communities in w…

The inductive component of the magnetospheric electric field, which is associated with the temporal change of magnetic field, provides an additional means of local plasma energiza…

The Coral Sea houses expansive coral reefs. Reef health is inextricably linked to water temperatures, which are regulated by the hydrodynamic environment. The current system in th…

Solar-wind forecasting is critical for predicting events which can affect Earth's technological systems.  Typically, forecasts combine coronal model outputs with heliospheric mode…

Sea ice is a crucial component of polar climate systems, and is undergoing substantial changes in both the Arctic and the Southern Ocean due to evolving climatic conditions. The A…

Mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) are active precipitation systems in East China. The increasing frequency and intensity of MCSs highlight the need for better simulation and for…

Reactive Transport Models (RTMs) are essential for understanding and predicting intertwined ecohydrological and biogeochemical processes on land and in rivers. While traditional R…

The paper explains origin of volcanism in Tyrrhenian Sea and devastating earthquakes in Central Italy. The cause of both phenomena is westward movement of Eurasian plate driven b…

Planetary boundary layer (PBL) structure over the ocean and the model capability to simulate such structure are less well-understood than their counterparts over land. In this stu…

In climate studies, it is crucial to distinguish between changes caused by natural variability and those resulting from external forcing. Here we use a suite of numerical experime…

Ice-nucleating particles (INPs), essential for initiating primary ice production in many mixed-phase clouds, have only rarely been measured in air directly relevant for deep conve…

Linking how terrestrial drivers influence the quantity and quality of water in aquatic systems is a grand challenge of catchment science. This challenge grows more daunting as the…

Atmospheric rivers (ARs) play an important role in weather and hydroclimate throughout the western U.S., and extensive knowledge of AR frequency, intensity, impacts, and key meteo…

Retrieving deep Earth seismic phases from noise correlations is hindered by the low amplitude of deep-path noise body waves. This study presents a data selection strategy that lev…

Recent advances in the theory of turbulent stratified mixing have established that the budget of eddy available potential energy (APE) constrains the diapycnal component of turbul…

Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient for terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, with many species limited by P availability for primary productivity. While dust and primary biolog…