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The core argument is that there may be a right to some of the knowledge that astrobiology can supply about the origins of life, and specifically about our human origins. Such a ri…

Waves, rivers, and tides play a leading role in shaping delta morphology. Recent studies have enabled predictions of their relative influence for deltas globally, but methods and …

Jupiter possesses the strongest magnetic field of all planets in the solar system. Unique information about the dynamo process acting at Jupiter can be inferred by modelling and i…

Dust emitted from North Africa is transported over long distances and has a strong impact on large areas over the North Tropical Atlantic Ocean. Sea salt emitted by the sea surfac…

Phytoplankton indirectly influence the climate, through their role in the ocean biological carbon pump. Hence factors limiting phytoplankton growth directly impact the strength of…

In Southern Thailand, Prince of Songkla University is the leading public university across five campuses, with Hat Yai being the main one. Science education is strong with several…

Three dimensional dunes of crescentic shape, called barchans, are commonly found on Earth and other planetary environments. In the great majority of cases, barchans are organized …

Rising ocean temperatures affect marine microbial ecosystems directly, since metabolic rates (e.g. photosynthesis, respiration) are temperature-dependent, but temperature also has…

The Gulf of Mexico is a prolific petroleum basin with more than a century-long exploration history. Tectonic models proposed for the basin vary dramatically in many aspects, rangi…

The next decades of space exploration will focus on Ocean Worlds – especially Europa, Enceladus, and Titan – whose liquid oceans beneath kilometers of icy crust are some of the mo…

With the intensification of climate change and population growth, human-water relationships (HWR) have changed from the simple utilization of water resources to changing the spati…

River deltas commonly have a heterogeneous substratum of alternating peat, clay and sand deposits. This has important consequences for the river bed development and in particular …

This study performs a comprehensive evaluation of the simulated cloud phase in the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM) atmosphere model versi…

Dry deposition is an important ozone sink that impacts ecosystem carbon and water cycling. Ozone dry deposition in forests is regulated by vertical transport, stomatal uptake, and…

Accurate descriptions of natural fault surfaces and associated fault rocks are important for understanding fault zone processes and properties. Slickensides–grooved polished surfa…

Two sites in adjacent catchments located in eastern NSW provide hydrological data over 200 years since European settlement: (a) height of the Hawkesbury River at Windsor, within t…

Simulation models of multi-sector systems are increasingly used to understand societal resilience to climate and economic shocks and change. However, multi-sector systems are also…

In this comment, we clarify that the specific contributing area is defined in the limit of an infinitesimal contour length. We also confirm that not all solutions obtained from th…

Solar flares are the most violent outbursts that occur in localized regions of the solar atmosphere. They emit large amounts of X-rays and energetic particles. X-rays reaching the…

Hyperhydricity often occurs in plant tissue culture, seriously influencing the commercial micropropagation and genetic improvement. DNA methylation has been studied for its functi…

We detected shallow very low frequency earthquakes (VLFEs) off the Cape Muroto and Kii Channel in the Nankai subduction zone and estimated their moment rate functions. Combining t…

The solution to high-speed-railway seismic source function is of great theoretical significance for the inversion of high-speed-railway focal mechanism, propagation law and energy…

When organic peat soils are sufficiently dry, they become flammable. In Southeast Asian peatlands, widespread deforestation and associated drainage create dry conditions that, whe…

Assessing the changes in future extreme hydrologic conditions due to climate change is essential. This study investigates the potential impacts of climate change on precipitation,…

In this work, we develop gradient boosting machines (GBMs) for forecasting the SYM-H index multiple hours ahead using different combinations of solar wind and interplanetary magne…

A small gradient in the densities (Δρ) of two rivers was recently shown to develop coherent streamwise orientated vortices (SOVs) in the mixing interface of their confluence. We f…

Rooting depth is an ecosystem trait that determines the extent of soil development and carbon (C) and water cycling. Recent hypotheses propose that human-induced changes to Earth’…

Gravity-driven flow of large ice masses such as the Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) depends on both the geometry and the mass density of the ice sheet. The vertical density profile can …

In 2021, the World Health Organization (WHO) ranked Nigeria among the most polluted nations in the world, an indication of a deteriorating air quality, especially in the major urb…

The sulfate-rich sandstones of the Burns formation investigated by the Opportunity rover on Meridiani Planum, Mars, are directly underlain by the fine-grained sedimentary rocks of…

This preprint has been deleted as it was posted before approval by USGS.

The introduction of a volumetric-pricing has been a critical intervention in household water conservation programs. However, it is typically impossible to observe how individual h…

Seismic activity during the eruption of Soufriere Hills volcano comprised various transient signals, which were classified visually by the Montserrat Volcano Observatory (MVO), co…

The largest volcanic eruption of this century, which was submarine, led to a dramatic phytoplankton bloom north of the island of Tongatapu, in the Kingdom of Tonga. In the absence…

Novel fluid medium pressure cells were used to deform antigorite under constant stress creep conditions at low temperature, low strain rate (10^-9 - 10^-4 1/s), and high pressure …

Dissolved iron (dFe) transported by the Amur River greatly contributes to phytoplankton growth in the Sea of Okhotsk. Nevertheless, there has been little research on the dFe sourc…

The references used in the commentary are dated 2015 and 2016. Why the delay? Because only recently I became aware of the anisotropy nature of Ferrocyanides. They have been descri…

Tropical cyclones (TCs) are powered by heat fluxes across the air-sea interface, which are in turn influenced by subsurface physical processes that can modulate storm intensity. H…

Meteotsunamis triggered by atmospheric disturbances of Lamb waves due to the 2022 Hunga Tonga volcanic eruption were observed in coastal areas surrounding the Pacific Ocean. Howev…

The tropical intraseasonal variability in an idealized moist general circulation model (GCM) which has a simple moist convection scheme and realistic radiative transfer, but no pa…

We construct a novel Multi-Input Multi-Output Autoencoder-decoder (MIMO-AE) to capture the non-linear relationship of Southern California precipitation (SC-PRECIP) and tropical Pa…

Oceanic transform faults are intriguing in that they do not produce earthquakes as large as might be expected given their dimensions. We use 1-year of local seismicity recorded on…

Constructed flood mitigation and drainage systems are integral to the development of many estuarine floodplains. These systems function throughout the tidal range, protecting from…

My earth science focused PhD research included the analysis of annual fluorescent laminae in cave stalagmites, under the supervision of karst hydrologist Peter Smart (Bristol, UK)…

Optical measurements from three selected wavelengths have been combined with modelling of emissions from an auroral event to estimate the magnitude and direction of small-scale el…

The astrogeodetic or Helmert deflection of the vertical (DoV) data, as opposed to data obtained through other geodetic instruments (e.g., GNSS (geodetic coordinates), levelling (n…

We report results from a test particle simulation to reveal that electron scattering driven by lower band whistler chorus waves propagating along a magnetic field line plays an im…

Accurate estimates of the soil water balance components are critical for optimizing irrigation water use in agricultural fields. Estimates are normally obtained using simple water…

Approximating the three-dimensional structure of a fault network at depth in the subsurface is key for robust estimates of fluid flow. However, only observations of two-dimensiona…

The polarity of first P-wave arrivals plays a significant role in the effective determination of focal mechanisms specially for smaller earthquakes. Manual estimation of polaritie…