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The entire Earth was bombarded c.4100-3800 Ma, establishing initial conditions for all later regional geology. Deep impact-fractures have been regenerated upward from the brittle-…

Detection and monitoring of tropical forest degradation is crucial to climate change mitigation and biodiversity conservation efforts. Several algorithms have been recently develo…

Greenhouse gases (GHGs) are gases that absorb and emit thermal energy. In a warming climate, GHGs modulate the thermal cooling to space from the surface and atmosphere, which is a…

Discontinuities in flood frequency curves, here referred to as flood divides, hinder the estimation of rare floods. In this paper we develop an automated methodology for the detec…

Most viscous-plastic sea ice models use the elliptical yield curve. This yield curve has a fundamental flaw: it excludes acute angles between deformation features at high resoluti…

The violent 2022 Tonga submarine volcanic eruption produced globally propagating atmospheric disturbance. The short explosive eruption generated a leading Lamb wave pulse that are…

Neural networks (NN) have become an important tool for prediction tasks – both regression and classification – in environmental science.  Since many environmental-science problems…

The Horn of Africa drylands (HAD) are among the most vulnerable regions to hydroclimatic extremes. The two rainfall seasons — long and short rains — exhibit high intraseasonal and…

Fine-scale, sub-annual satellite stereo observations of snow cover and snow depth can help improve quantification of snow water equivalent at critical times during the accumulatio…

Steady low reservoir releases allow downstream aquatic invertebrates (bugs) to lay and hatch eggs and increase production. These releases also reduce revenue from hydropeaking ope…

The response of the Pacific Walker circulation (WC) to long-term warming remains uncertain. Here, we diagnose contributions to the WC response in comprehensive and idealized gener…

We investigate the effects of site response on source parameters using earthquakes recorded by a dense nodal array in Oklahoma. While it is well-known that near-surface unconsolid…

The fast-slipping (~ 14 cm/yr) Gofar transform fault (GTF) East Pacific Rise has three active segments G1 to G3 from east to west. These fault segments produce large earthquakes (…

The responses of Earth’s and Mars’ thermospheric densities to quasi-periodic solar rotation variations in flux were measured contemporaneously by the MAVEN, GOES, and Swarm-C sate…

Kamodo is an official NASA open source python software package that functionalizes diverse datasets from models and observations in a consistent way, enabling advanced scientific …

NASA’s Planetary Data System (PDS)* contains data collected by missions to explore our solar system. This includes Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO), which has collected as much …

Pigmentary hematite carries important signals in paleomagnetic and paleoenvironmental studies. However, weak magnetism and the assumption that it has high magnetic coercivity prev…

Winter cold spells over North America have been correlated with European wind extremes, but the physical mechanisms behind such “pan-Atlantic” compound extremes have not been clar…

Numerical wave models have been developed to reproduce the evolution of waves generated in all directions and over a wide range of wavelengths. The amount of wave energy in the di…

Dynamical heating and cooling are prominent features of planetary atmospheres resulting in thermospheric structures on Venus, Earth and Mars. The purpose of this study is to deter…

Satellite laser ranging (SLR) measurements play a key role in determining global geodetic parameters, such as station coordinates, geocenter motion, low-degree Earth’s gravity fie…