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The Jovian moon Io features hundreds of paterae, broad depressions often filled with lava. The largest such example, Loki Patera, features a large, polygonal, and fractured island…

Two-phase fluid flow in fractured porous media impacts many natural and industrial processes but our understanding of flow dynamics in these systems is constrained by difficulties…

As the planet approaches local and global exceedance of the 1.5o C stabilization target, damages from climate change, mostly due to extremes, are growing, far faster than projecte…

Extending across seven countries, the Alps represent an important element for climate and atmospheric circulation in Central Europe. Its complex topography affects processes on di…

Oshtoran Syndrome, also known as H63D Syndrome Type-3, is a multifaceted meta-syndromic condition characterized by an array of clinical manifestations. These manifestations includ…

Decaying gelatinous zooplankton (GZ) originating from surface waters has been proposed as a possible major contributor to the biological carbon pump. However, studies arrived at l…

The magnitude ( M W ) 6.6 earthquake that struck Masbate Island on 18 August 2020 offers a unique opportunity to investigate the slip and seismic behavior of the Philippine Faul…

Braided rivers easily form wide and shallow floodplains when there is no constraints on both sides of the river. During floods, rising water level submerges the floodplain of the …

The bidispersity observed in the grain-size distribution of rock avalanches and volcanic debris avalanches (rock/debris avalanches) has been proposed as a property contributing to…

Toward the achievement of reliable global kilometer-scale (k-scale) climate simulations, we improve the Nonhydrostatic ICosaherdral Atmospheric Model (NICAM) by focusing on moist …

The atmospheric Green’s function method is a technique for modeling the response of the atmosphere to changes in the spatial field of surface temperature. While early studies appl…

The Brazilian Amazon has been a focus of land development with large swaths of forests converted to agriculture. Forest degradation by selective logging and fires has accompanied …

Information from total electron content (TEC) from Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) could be assessed to know the impact of weather events to help in developing predicti…

Glaciers and perennial snowfields are important to alpine ecosystems and regional hydrology. Quantifying volume change of a population of glaciers widely distributed over a region…

Severe space weather produced by disturbed conditions on the Sun results in harmful effects both for humans in space and in high-latitude commercial flights, and for technological…

The freeze-thaw process influences moisture and heat transport, which is of great importance for the runoff and groundwater infiltration processes. At present, the research on the…

Satellite-derived shoreline observations combined with dynamic shoreline models enable fine-scale predictions of coastal change across large spatiotemporal scales. Here, we presen…

We use seismic ambient noise correlation and coda wave interferometry to estimate velocity variations at high temporal resolution, during the pre-eruptive period and the onset of …

Subglacial hydrology can exert an important control on ice flow by affecting drag at the ice-bedrock interface. Here, we report on a series of subglacial drainage events (outburst…

Methane dynamics within salt marshes are complex because vegetation types, temperature, oscillating water levels, and changes in salinity and redox conditions influence CH4 produc…

Measurements of biophysical tree properties and hydrologic fluxes are necessary for improving models and monitoring the impact of disturbances. Prior research has demonstrated tha…

Flash flooding is one of the most damaging weather types, yet it remains challenging to quantify its severity. We propose a novel development – the Flashiness-Intensity-Duration-F…

The Makran subduction zone is unique in its wide onshore thick accretionary wedge, and a volcanic arc not parallel to the E-W trend of the Makran accretionary prism. To investigat…

We investigate electrostatic waves in a magnetopause reconnection diffusion region event. In the electron diffusion region on the magnetospheric side, an oblique electrostatic wav…

Most aftershocks occur in areas experiencing large co-seismic stress changes, yet some occur long after the mainshock in remote lightly-stressed regions. The triggering mechanism …

Compost amendments to rangelands is a proposed nature-based climate solution to increase plant productivity and soil carbon sequestration. However, it has not been evaluated using…

Seasonal-to-decadal climate prediction is crucial for decision-making in a number of industries, but forecasts on these timescales have limited skill. Here, we develop a data-driv…

The 2015 Paris Climate Agreement and Global Methane Pledge formalized agreement for countries to report and reduce methane emissions to mitigate near-term climate change. Emission…

The magnitude of the aerosol forcing remains among the largest unknowns when assessing climate sensitivity over the historical period. Here, we describe a previously unconsidered …

We study the temporal evolution of solute dispersion in three-dimensional porous rocks of different heterogeneity and pore structure. To this end, we perform direct numerical simu…

Ambiguity over the Eocene opening times of the Tasman Gateway and Drake Passage makes it difficult to determine the initiation time of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC). If …

The Great Slave Lake shear zone (GSLsz) is a type example for deeply eroded continental transform boundaries located in the Northwest Territories, Canada. Formed during the obliqu…

In this study, we carried out a backprojection (BP) analysis to image the rupture process of the newly happened September 8, 2017 Mww8.1 Mexico earthquake based on a global 3D P-w…

Soil health metrics in agricultural systems require edaphic context, notably climate, soil type (soil texture and classification), as well as cropping system. Soil samples (n=1,33…

Near Surface Air Temperature is an important climatic variable that affects the hydrological response of a river basin, and forms an input to most of the hydrological models. G…

Changing oxygen availability in lakes and reservoirs is a fundamental limnological challenge of our time, with massive consequences for freshwater ecosystem functioning and water …

Central America exhibits a distinct seasonal cycle of rainfall, which is objectively defined as having an onset date and a demise date of the wet season on the first and the last …

Channel meandering is ubiquitous in tidal marshes, yet it is routinely omitted in morphodynamic models. Here we propose a novel numerical method to simulate channel meandering in …

The Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) was a transient global warming event recognised in the geologic record by a prolonged negative carbon isotope excursion (CIE). The onse…

Ecosystems at high latitudes are under increasing stress from climate change. To understand changes in carbon fluxes, in situ measurements from eddy covariance networks are needed…

Radio interferometers used to make astronomical observations, such as the LOw Frequency ARray (LOFAR), experience distortions imposed upon the received signal due to the ionospher…

The formation of mineral deposits in mesothermal quartz veins is a complex process that has been the subject of much research. The classical fault-valve hypothesis suggests that m…

Marine extreme events such as marine heatwaves, ocean acidity extremes and low oxygen extremes can pose a substantial threat to marine organisms and ecosystems. Such extremes migh…

We present an O(n) complexity and implicit algorithm for the two-dimensional solution of the Stream Power Incision Model (SPIM) enriched by a discharge threshold term and taking i…

Currently there are two end-member views of low-frequency earthquakes (LFEs). One is that they result from stick-slip behavior of Mxed brittle patches that are mechanically distin…

South Georgia is a heavily glaciated sub-Antarctic island in the Southern Ocean. Cumberland Bay is the largest fjord on the island, split into two arms, each with a large marine-t…

The total meridional heat transport (MHT) is relatively stable across different climates. Nevertheless, the strength of individual processes contributing to the total transport ar…

The heat flow and physical properties package measured soil thermal conductivity at the landing site in the 0.03 to 0.37 m depth range. Six measurements spanning solar longitudes …

Air-sea flux variability has contributions from both ocean and atmosphere at different spatio-temporal scales. Atmospheric synoptic scales and the air-sea turbulent heat flux that…

Nutrients associated with internal waves are known to perturb phytoplankton communities in oligotrophic oceans, but details of the relevant processes and mechanisms are unclear. H…