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Global average upper atmosphere temperature changes linked with the Hunga volcanic eruption (January 2022) are analyzed based on satellite measurements and compared with chemistry…

As conversational AI systems such as ChatGPT have become more advanced, researchers are exploring ways to use them in education. However, we need effective ways to evaluate these …

• A variably saturated coupled poroelastic model is developed to simulate soil deformation caused by groundwater depletion within a phreatic aquifer system at a basin scale. • A s…

We modeled the radiative forcing (RF) of sulfate aerosols and water vapor (WV) clouds generated by the explosive eruption of the Hunga volcano on January 15, 2022, using the WRF-C…

• Arctic marine ecosystems experience enhanced climate stressors with differences over time and space and among models. • Trend magnitudes are projected to further increase over t…

Climate change is driving disturbance in hydrology and geomorphology in terrestrial polar landscapes underlain by permafrost, yet measurements of, and theories to understand, thes…

The knowledge of the composition and dynamics of eruption columns is very important because tephra dispersal strongly depends on it. Few measurements on the vertical distribution …

• A self-supervised masked-autoencoder denoising algorithm doubles the signal-tonoise of earthquake signals. • Denoised signals enable a precise, machine-learning-aided seismic ph…

Global warming is expected to increase global mean precipitation by 2-4%/K, but this increase may be very uneven, leading to more flooding but also droughts. Utilizing the Gini in…

Tropical South America’s hydroclimate is influenced by ocean-atmospheric oscillations. The physical mechanisms that teleconnect the Atlantic modes of variability with the evaporat…

Mars’ dayside ionosphere is maintained primarily by ionization from solar ultraviolet photons and subsequent chemical reactions, with small contributions from other mechanisms suc…

Analysis of multi-decadal tide records, satellite altimetry, and high-resolution oceanic reanalysis around the Hawaiian Ridge identifies correlations between offshore and onshore …

While temperature drop across the mantle’s basal thermal boundary layer (TBL) is likely $>$1000 K, the temperature anomaly of plumes believed to rise from that TBL is only up to a…

Mountain building reorganizes drainage networks, influencing riverine biodiversity. Northern Italy offers a natural experiment in the impact of tectonic and geomorphic processes o…

The atmospheric CO2 growth rate is a fundamental measure of climate forcing. NOAA's annual growth rate estimates, derived from in situ observations at the marine boundary layer (M…

Landfills require extensive aftercare to safeguard human health and the environment. This involves monitoring emissions like leachate and gas, maintaining cover layers, and managi…

Global climate models and reanalysis products have revealed large, persistent downwelling shortwave radiation biases over the Southern Ocean and coastal Antarctica. The biases are…

Convective cloud processes are sensitive to environmental conditions that vary on scales smaller than reanalysis datasets (sub-reanalysis scales). Convective environment variabili…

High-magnitude outburst floods in mountainous terrains can exert significant impacts on Earth’s surface due to their immense hydraulic force. However, the mechanisms involved in b…

Arctic rivers are intricate water networks that chemically and biologically process carbon before releasing it as carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) into the atmosphere or carrying it to the …

Simulating the ocean’s submesoscale is key to understand the mass and energy cycles of the ocean and the global climate system. Contrast to the ocean’s mesoscale, submesoscale pro…

Coastal hypoxia often develops in stratified estuaries, where river plume expansion and bottom salinity intrusion coexist. However, how surface plume fronts alter bottom hypoxia i…

Past studies separately demonstrate that vertical boundary layer turbulence can either sharpen or weaken submesoscale fronts in the surface mixed layer.  These studies invoke comp…

Abrupt climate change events during the last glacial period and the Last Interglacial resulted from changes in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). Over the las…

Imaging the Earth’s thermochemical structure is crucial for understanding its dynamics and evolution. Moreover, the increased demand for critical minerals and geothermal energy dr…

We present for the first time within the cloud physics context, the application of wavelet phase coherence analysis to disentangle counteracting physical processes associated with…

Accurately predicting Greenland’s ice mass loss is crucial to understanding future sea level rise. Approximately 50% of the mass loss results from iceberg calving at the ice-ocean…

During the extreme space weather event on May 10, 2024, a pronounced super-fountain effect was observed, driven by the prompt penetration electric field (PPEF) and pre-reversal en…

The accuracy of global tidal and mean sea surface (MSS) models degrades significantly in coastal and estuarine regions. These geophysical models are important for correcting measu…

Accurate streamflow forecasting is essential for effective water resource management, flood mitigation, and environmental conservation. We present a comparative analysis of three …

This study estimates the meteorological covariations of aerosol and marine boundary layer (MBL) cloud properties in the Eastern North Atlantic (ENA) region, characterized by diver…

To facilitate the quantification of the stratospheric aerosol radiative effect, this study generates a set of aerosol direct radiative effect (ADRE) kernels based on MERRA-2 reana…

This paper discusses the performance of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Global Forecasting System (GFS) forecast model in predicting rainfall over the Kor…

The delivery of low-abundance, bioactive trace elements to the surface ocean by aerosol mineral dust is a major planetary control over marine primary production and hence the glob…

As patterns of precipitation and evapotranspiration change, human water security and aquatic ecosystem health depend on understanding how catchment characteristics interact with c…

Drinking sufficient clean water is essential for human health. Surveys that estimate daily water intake report striking differences between individuals and countries, but the fact…

Koyna-Warna is a region of low tectonic deformation and normal surface heat flow (~40 mW/m 2) in the Deccan volcanic province, India, where low-to-moderate-magnitude earthquakes h…

Machine-learning (ML) parameterizations of subgrid processes (here of turbulence, convection, and radiation) may one day replace conventional parameterizations by emulating high-r…

Wildfire prevention can be effective when actions deliberately target each wildfire cause. However, the cause of an increasing number of wildfires is unknown, hindering targeted p…

The Southern Ocean and coastal Antarctica are key regions for global climate. Low level mixed-phase clouds strongly control the surface radiation budget of this region but remain …

Environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis is a technique for detecting organisms based on genetic material in environments such as air, water, or soil. Observed eDNA concentrations vary i…

Snow avalanches pose a significant threat to settlements and their inhabitants. Consequently, hazard maps are a valuable tool for mitigating their impact. Dynamic models have been…

This study explores an optimal inversion strategy for assimilating the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) column-averaged atmospheric CO2 concentration (XCO2) observations to c…

Evaluating the combined effect of different climatic variables supports the understanding of the increasing multifaceted risk of climate-related disasters. This contribution propo…

We use trace gas profiles from Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment - Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS) satellite measurements and the TOMCAT three-dimensional chemical transpo…

The geology of the Reykjanes Ridge reflects variations in the style of crustal accretion related to mantle plume processes and tectonic reconfigurations. Following a ~30° change i…