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This study investigates how the marine sediment proxies signal reflects dissolved oxygen levels in fjord basin water, to improve our understanding of the coastal marine deoxygenat…

Vegetation is crucial for stabilizing and developing coastal dunes. Different plant species exhibit different spatial distributions which reflect their environmental role and adap…

Accurate estimation of regional-scale terrestrial carbon budgets is of great importance but remains challenging. With particular advantages, the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) netw…

We use the full waveform inversion method to study the crustal-mantle seismic structure beneath Central Asia. By combining earthquake waveforms and ambient noise cross-correlation…

Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from combustion sources are uncertain in many places across the globe. Here, we estimate CO2 emission rates from a small number of collocated observ…

Sea surface salinity (SSS), an essential climate variable that is sensitive to changes in the global water cycle, varies seasonally in many places due to annual variations in rain…

This study aims to understand the mechanisms of the activation and evolution of the marine heatwave (MHW) that occurred in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) during summer 2023. We quantifi…

Top-down studies have found consistent underestimations in the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) methane emissions inventory from the oil and gas (O&G) sector. M…

Extensional faults in Southern Calabria (Italy) have been widely studied for their capability to generate high magnitude earthquakes (Mw 7-7.2). An example is the 1783 historical …

Household air pollution accounts for about 4 million premature deaths annually worldwide with Ghana recording about 8,800 deaths each year amidst the HAP-influenced diseases resul…

We examine characteristics of the boundaries of 11 Kelvin-Helmholtz vortex crossings observed by MMS on September 23, 2017 under southward IMF conditions. At both the leading and …

Snowfall is an important component of the mass balance of ice sheets and glaciers in Antarctica. In coastal Victoria Land (VL), changes to snowfall can impact ice masses, landscap…

Iron hydrides are a potentially dominant component of the metallic cores of planets, primarily because of hydrogen’s ubiquity in the universe and affinity with iron. Using ab init…

Most of the world’s population faces freshwater scarcity threats, and reservoirs, built both for ensuring water supply during prolonged droughts and reducing downstream flood risk…

Air-sea sensible and latent heat fluxes are fundamental to tropical cyclone (TC) energetics, but the impacts of seastate-dependent sea spray heat fluxes on TC structure and intens…

Mesoscale eddies play a crucial role in the transport and mixing processes of the global ocean. Their zonal propagation has routinely been predicted using the theoretical phase sp…

Soil hydraulic properties (SHPs) are impacted by various mechanisms such as soil structure, capillarity, and adsorption forces, often showing a bimodal shape. Developing soil hydr…

Snow transport favors strong sublimation and may therefore have an important effect on the surface mass balance of polar and high-mountain regions. Recently, small-scale models su…

• Differentiable models (DMs) better capture extreme events with magnitudes not included in the training data compared to LSTM. • DM optimized for better extreme predictions can s…

To achieve the 1.5°C target of the Paris agreement, rapid, sustained, and deep emission reductions are required, which often includes negative emissions through land-based mitigat…

Semidiurnal variability of alongshore currents on the inner shelf of the Southern California Bight is investigated using a seven year velocity and pressure time series. Analysis r…

Satellite radar altimeters like CryoSat-2 estimate sea ice thickness by measuring the return-time of transmitted radar pulses, reflected from the sea ice and ocean surface, to mea…

Spacecrafts observe signatures of duskside magnetic reconnection in the Earth’s magnetotail associated with the presence of oxygen (O+) ions of ionospheric origin. The exact role …

The heterogeneity of sea ice in the marginal ice zone (MIZ) causes multiscale secondary circulations that are challenging to model or observe. Their absent or inadequate represent…

The Earth is transitioning to a state unprecedented in human history. This transition poses a challenge for predicting the future, as climate models require testing and calibratio…

Broad embayment, such as some Fjords, can host the generation and propagation of internal Kelvin waves should the ratio of their stratification level to shelf-slope width be impor…

Irrigated agriculture depends on surface water and groundwater, but we do not have a clear picture of how much water is consumed from these sources by different crops across the U…

The new capabilities of global storm-resolving models to resolve individual clouds allow for a more physical perspective on the tropical high-cloud radiative effect and how it mig…

The eastern tropical North Pacific oxygen deficient zone (ETNP-ODZ) exhibits a distinct physical and biological environment compared to other oxygenated water columns, leading to …

Key questions remain about the atmospheric response to variability in the oceanic western boundary currents (WBCs). Here we exploit a unique high-resolution slab-ocean coupled cli…

Soil erosion is a major concern for both agricultural and natural resources. Soil water repellency (SWR) is known to hinder wetting of soils, decreasing infiltration of water and …

Both composition and temperature play a crucial role in determining the NO radiative cooling in lower thermosphere as observed by TIMED/SABER. In this work, we present a detailed …

This study tackles the limitations of traditional distance metrics in machine learning, particularly their inadequacy in managing missing data and varying feature importance. We i…

We compare observations of hydrogen (H) and protons associated with Martian proton aurora activity, co-evaluating remote sensing and in situ measurements during these events. Foll…

• A 200-member ensemble has been created to quantify uncertainty in the GISTEMP history of surface temperature anomalies. • This ensemble enables more accurate statistical analyse…

• Recent regulations on the sulphur content of ship emissions has accelerated global warming by approximately 2-3 years. • Reduced ship emissions induce responses in cloud propert…

A formulation based on the anelastic approximation yields time-dependent simulations of convective updrafts, downdrafts and other aspects of convection, such as stratiform layers,…

Production and use of halocarbons (halogenated hydrocarbons) saw explosive growth after the Second World War for use as refrigerants (including air conditioning and industrial ref…

We estimate depth-dependent azimuthal anisotropy and shear wave velocity structure beneath the Alaska subduction zone by the inversion of a new Rayleigh wave dispersion dataset fr…

Urban environments are increasingly impacted by heavy metals pollution originating from traffic emissions, solid waste burning, and other anthropogenic sources (i.e., foundries,…

The stratospheric circulation is considered to be strengthened in response to the increase of atmospheric greenhouse gases, but supporting observational evidence has not been prov…