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Atmospheric CO2 concentrations are expected to continue increasing due to ongoing fossil fuel emissions, leading to innumerable climate impacts. These impacts are largely associat…

Weather stations can represent local weather variability and extremes more reliably than gridded products and are therefore better suited for local climate impact applications lik…

It remains uncertain whether an earthquake ”knows” its final magnitude part-way through its rupture. Several studies have found that early features of rupture can constrain final …

There are many unknowns surrounding why convective storms occur exactly when and where they do, including environmental impacts on storm morphology and processes. In this study, w…

High-latitude frozen soils contain a vast store of organic matter, a potential source of greenhouse gases due to permafrost thaw. Understanding natural carbon cycle responses to c…

[This work was presented at AGU Fall Meeting 2023.] Our emissions model constrained by downwind (Tracer flux/OTM 33a) methane measurements of oil and gas (O&G) production sites in…

Despite being featured as a very attractive geographical, climatic, and cultural region, the Mediterranean Basin is also frequently affected by high-impact weather. The latter may…

The simulated quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) in the Energy Exascale Earth System Model version 2 (E3SMv2) is characterized by a shorter period and stronger amplitude compared wi…

Based on observations from the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission, this study presents an analysis of a short large-amplitude magnetic structures (SLAMS) event with simultaneous oc…

Machine learning (ML) is actively being explored as a potential way of representing unresolved sub-grid processes with more realism than traditional parameterizations. A typical a…

We assess the ionospheric scintillation occurrence on Global Navigation Satellite Signals (GNSSs) over the Mediterranean sector under the rising phase of the current solar cycle. …

Besides the forces described by Newtonian dynamics, there is an additional cosmological force in the Universe, which is observed in experiments, but does not follow from Newton's …

The biological carbon pump transfers large amounts of carbon from the atmosphere into the ocean’s interior, contributing to oceanic carbon sequestration. Efforts to identify the g…

Turbulence and sound are important cues for oyster reef larval recruitment. Numerous studies have found a relationship between turbulence intensity and swimming behaviors of marin…

A new-generation internal tide model ZHAO30yr is constructed using 30 years of sea surface height measurements from 1993 to 2022 made by 15 satellite altimetry missions. The model…

State-of-the-art earthquake early warning systems use the early records of seismic waves to estimate the magnitude and location of the seismic source before the shaking and the ts…

With reference to the resumption of seismic activity in the Phlegraean area, which is causing concern for residents and which is involving various protection and research bodies, …

Geomagnetic field models covering past millennia rely on two main data sources: archaeomagnetic data, that provide snapshots of the geomagnetic field at specific locations, and se…

The vertical profiles of the wind speed and direction in atmospheric boundary layers are strongly controlled by turbulent friction. Some global weather forecast and climate models…

An unexpected major tsunami from the region near the Sofu Seamount was observed on 8 October 2023. The Sofu Seamount is located approximately 600 km from the coast of Japan. Due t…

Ammonia emissions from oceans are recognized as one of the most significant natural sources of ammonia globally; however, freshwater sources are rarely considered significant. The…

In recent laboratory experiments, varying nucleation locations of accelerating slip with changing nucleation lengths were observed. Spatial variations in effective normal stress, …

The high latitude ionospheric evolution of the May 10-11, 2024, geomagnetic storm is investigated in terms of Total Electron Content and contextualized with Incoherent Scatter Rad…

Estuarine exchange flow regulates all aspects of estuarine biogeochemical processes, especially residence time. However, the motivation for residence time studies is biogeochemist…

Usutu virus (USUV) is an emerging flavivirus transmitted by mosquitoes, with an increasing incidence of human infection and a geographic expansion over the past decade, thereby po…

Ozone is an important atmospheric constituent, exerting a pivotal influence on atmospheric chemistry, air quality, and climate change. The monitoring of its distribution and va…

True polar wander (TPW) or equatorial dipole (ED) field hypothesis have the potential to decipher the Ediacaran paleomagnetic enigma, based on the fast apparent polar wander (APW)…

Although numerous studies have projected changes in freezing rain under future climate conditions, the internal variability of freezing rain remains poorly quantified. Here, we in…

The early Miocene unconformity (EMU) occurred during a transition in the tectonic evolution of western North America that impacted faunal diversification. The Railroad Canyon sect…

Upwelling and decompression of mantle plumes is the primary mechanism for large volumes of intraplate volcanism; however, many seamounts do not correlate spatially, temporally, or…

There is a lack of consensus on how tropical cyclone outer winds may change, if at all, due to extratropical transition. Hence, this study examines changes in North Atlantic tropi…

Intense atmosphere-ocean-ice interactions in the Ross Sea play a vital role in global overturning circulation by supplying saline and dense shelf waters. Since the 1960s, fresheni…

The ACES-II sounding rocket mission launched two payloads from Andøya Rocket Range into a post-dusk discrete auroral arc and observed field-aligned electron dispersions near inver…

Aerodynamic roughness length (z0) fundamentally affects land surface momentum loss and wind resource simulation, but ground truth data of z0 are sparse in space, causing z0 datase…

Near-equatorial measurements of energetic electron fluxes, in combination with numerical simulation, are widely used for monitoring of the radiation belt dynamics. However, the lo…

Accurate representation of the interplay between ecosystems and climate in Earth system models (ESMs) is important for understanding and predicting changes in carbon, water, and e…

Future missions to icy ocean worlds (OW) such as Europa and Enceladus will evaluate the habitability of, and search for, potential biosignatures from these worlds. These mission…

We examine a mechanism of how the frequency of the realization of the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) is influenced on the interannual time scale. The activity of MJO realization …

At some submarine volcanoes, the influx and output of magma vary over time producing years-to-decades-long cycles of inflation and deflation, which in turn cause pronounced physic…

We present observations from two field deployments of a calibrated tiltmeter that we name the Self-Calibrating Tilt Accelerometer (SCTA). The tiltmeter is based upon a triaxial qu…

In angled river plumes, the river flow is oriented obliquely to the coast, resulting in a lateral expansion into the sea rather than a radial one. However, the frontal structure a…

Established closed-form analytical solutions for using heat as a tracer of vertical groundwater fluxes typically rely on assumptions of steady hydraulic conditions. We introduce a…

We investigate the upper-crustal structure of the Rukwa-Tanganyika Rift Zone, East Africa, where earthquakes anomalously cluster at the northwestern tip of the Rukwa Rift, the e…