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The Southern Ocean is central to the global overturning circulation. South of the Antarctic Polar Front, Antarctic Winter Water (WW) forms in the wintertime mixed layer below sea …

Nitric Oxide (NO) significantly impacts energy distribution and chemical processes in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT). During geomagnetic storms, a substantial influx …

• A dilation-based algorithm adds sub-resolution porosity, quantified by differential imaging, as microlinks to an extracted pore network. • Empirical models are used to character…

Solute transport in unsaturated porous media is of interest in many engineering and environmental applications. The interplay between small-scale, local forces and the porous micr…

The 2022 eruption at Mauna Loa, Hawai‘i, marked the first extrusive activity from the volcano after 38 years of quiescence. The eruption was preceded by several years of seismic u…

We examine statistically the duration of substorm growth phases which occurred during the year 2010. We find that there is no strong link between the duration of a growth phase an…

Innovative groundwater management strategies are essential to preserve aquifers for crop irrigation. In western Kansas, USA, irrigators self-organized to extend the aquifer’s life…

The German Bight coastline is regularly affected by storm surges driven by extratropical cyclones. Decadal-scale predictions of the local surge climate would foster coastal protec…

In Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models, such as the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, parameter uncertainty in physics parameterization schemes significantly imp…

Satellite and reanalysis data in 2003-2022 are used to study how the monthly variations of marine stratocumulus (MSc) to the west of Canary Islands and Namibia are influenced by t…

Astronomical solutions form the backbone of accurate dating for geology and paleoclimate studies. Beyond ∼50 Ma, however, the chaos inherent in the solar system makes it impossibl…

While temperature drop across the mantle’s basal thermal boundary layer (TBL) is likely $>$1000 K, the temperature anomaly of plumes believed to rise from that TBL is only up to a…

Lagrangian simulations based on 18 years (2002-2019) of high-resolution eddy-resolving thermohaline and three-dimensional velocity fields allow to revisit the fate and thermohal…

We use seismic data recorded by the NASA InSight mission to constrain the radial seismic attenuation structure of the Martian mantle. Several of the recorded signals cover 3 octav…

Magnetic reconnection, an essential mechanism in plasma physics that changes magnetic topology and energizes charged particles, plays a vital role in the dynamic processes of the …

Quantifying connectivity patterns in dryland ecosystems is crucial for understanding how water and sediments flow across the landscape, crucial for mitigating the impacts of clima…

Imaging Earth's electrical conductivity at mantle depths requires accurate models of the spatial-temporal structure of external (ionospheric and magnetospheric) currents. Such mod…

Campylobacter is the most common bacterial cause of foodborne illness globally. Both symptomatic and asymptomatic infections with Campylobacter species have been associated with g…

This study quantifies methane emissions in clean areas of Western China using TROPOMI XCH4 observations and a mass conserving method, while explicitly considering observational un…

Stream metabolism is a key biogeochemical process in river networks, synthesising the balance between gross primary production (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (ER). Globally, more…

The frequency/magnitude distribution of earthquakes can be approximated by an exponential law whose exponent (the so-called b-value) is routinely used for probabilistic seismic ha…

Understanding the fluid flow and solute transport in karst conduits is of great significance to the prevention of pollutants in karst areas and to reveal the mechanism of non-Fick…

The Xianshuihe fault, located in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau, stands as one of the most active faults in China. As assessing earthquake hazard relies on access to long-term p…

Geomagnetic disturbances (GMDs) are rapid fluctuations in the strength and direction of the magnetic field near the surface of the Earth which can cause electric currents to be in…

The F10.7 solar radio flux is a critical quantity for operational space weather nowcasting and forecasting, where it is routinely used as a driver for coupled atmospheric models t…

Investigation on meteorites has suggested that the Martian core comprises an Fe or Fe-Ni alloy with sulfur identified as the primary light element. The InSight mission data analys…

This paper addresses the challenges in computing the column moist static energy (MSE) budget in climate models. Residuals from such computations often match other major budget ter…

Significant interest and capital are currently being channeled into techniques for durable carbon dioxide removal (CDR) from Earth’s atmosphere. A particular class of these approa…

Floods lead to adverse impacts not only in financial terms but also on the health of the exposed population. We report the health-related Quality of Life (QoL) and functioning in …

The law of cosmological gravitational force is proposed in addition to Newton's law of gravitation. The law operates beyond the limit of applicability of Newton's law of gravitati…

This paper investigates the relationship between a Stochastic Grid Perturbation (SGP) and Location Uncertainty (LU). The LU formulation, which introduces random velocity fluctuati…

We report a new model of radially anisotropic crustal and upper mantle structure of the western United States (WUS324) obtained from full waveform inversion of earthquake data. We…

Hydrologic processes in snowmelt dominated systems are traditionally measured and understood at the point scale. However, snowmelt, sublimation, and snowfall rates exhibit signifi…

Seepage boundary conditions are commonly used in groundwater simulations to allow groundwater to discharge at the upper surface of the model when groundwater head exceeds atmosphe…

We developed a 2-dimensional model of Venus’ atmosphere which calculates meridional distributions of chemical species such as CO, H2O, and H2SO4. To calculate the meridional distr…

On 8 April 2024, a rare total solar eclipse (TSE) passed over western New York State (NYS), the first since 1925 and the last one until 2079. The NYS Mesonet (NYSM) consisting of …

Understanding the interior structures of icy moons will be crucial in untangling narratives of formation and evolution, both within our solar system and beyond it. Seismology is a…

The atmospheric CO2 growth rate (CGR) is characterised by large interannual variability, mainly due to variations in the land carbon uptake, the most uncertain component in the gl…

\sout\sout The sedimentary successions of several basins of Europe show evidence of widespread Late Jurassic aridification that is considered a long-standing conundrum in paleocli…

Precipitation efficiency (PE) relates cloud condensation to precipitation and thus reflects how much of the total atmospheric condensate reaches the surface as precipitation. Beca…

Debris flows represent a major hazard in mountain environments. Recently, the use of seismo-acoustic signals to study and monitor debris flows has gained attention. Debris flows, …

The Arctic is increasingly vulnerable to global warming, leading to shortening winter seasons, later freezes, and earlier breakups of sea ice. This project quantifies changes i…

Lightning strokes emit electromagnetic pulses that interact with the lower ionosphere. One manifestation of this interaction are elves: ring-shaped light emissions from altitudes …

In forested, seasonally dry watersheds, winter rains commonly replenish water storage deficits in the vadose zone before recharging underlying hillslope groundwater systems that s…