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Showing 21901 to 21950 of 22070 works
Identifying MESSENGER Magnetospheric Boundary Crossings Using a Random Forest Region Classifier
We present a new list of bow shock and magnetopause crossings based on automated region classification for the MESSENGER (Mercury Surface, Space Environment, Geochemistry and Rang…
An Analytical Stefan Problem with Surface Deformation: Thaw Subsidence, Freezing Heave, and Talik Formation in Permafro…
Classical Stefan solutions assume a fixed ground surface and therefore neglect deformation caused by melting and freezing of ground ice. This limitation is critical in ice-rich pe…
Widespread increase of nitrate in subsurface waters over recent decades revealed by observations
The oceans are under increasing anthropogenic pressure, experiencing warming, acidification and deoxygenation. Nutrient concentrations are likely also changing, still no large-sca…
Solar wind-magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling during the October 2024 storms
wo geomagnetic storms occurred in October 2024 (Oct 6-9 and 10-12), driven by the impact of a series of interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) on the magnetosphere. The fir…
A Machine-Learning Framework for Mapping Little Ice Age Maximum Glacial Extents
Accurate, large-scale reconstructions of former glacier boundaries during the Little Ice Age are critical for quantifying past ice-sheet dynamics, yet existing approaches for mapp…
The Global Endeavour to Create a Seamless Map of our Ocean Floor: The Nippon Foundation-GEBCO Seabed 2030 Project
The Nippon Foundation-General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans (GEBCO) project is united around our mission: to inspire ocean mapping and deliver a complete seabed map for the bene…
The Influence of Climate on Basaltic Clast Morphometry as an Indicator of Martian Paleoclimate
The martian geologic record provides compelling evidence for an early climate that supported liquid water on or near the surface, yet the environmental conditions during this peri…
Cross-Scale Coupling in Earth’s Dayside Magnetosphere 2D Semi-Implicit PIC Simulation: From Global Geometry to Multi-Sc…
The interaction between the solar wind and the terrestrial magnetosphere is a complex, multiscale process where global-scale dynamics are fundamentally regulated by microscopic ki…
Influence of Surface Conditions on the 04 July 2025 Extreme Storms in Central Texas
The impactful 04 July 2025 Central Texas extreme rainfall event is examined to understand how surface conditions influence storm development. Utilizing 3-km convection-permitting …
Fen Connectivity and Snowmelt-driven Hyporheic Dynamics Drive Carbon Dioxide Budgets in Mountain Headwaters
Rivers and streams process and transport significant quantities of terrestrial carbon into global oceans and Earth’s atmosphere annually. However, determining stream carbon source…
Species Mapping in the Himalayas: Evaluating Fuzzy Modified Posibilistic c - Means “Individual Sample as Mean” (ISM…
The Himalayas are globally recognized as a biodiversity hotspot, harbouring a rich array of species. However, this ecological wealth of the region is under significant threat from…
Modeled Changes in Marine Primary Productivity during the Middle Miocene Warming
The future of global marine primary productivity under warming conditions remains uncertain, in part because high CO2 scenario studies have been limited by the poor representation…
A Neuro-Physical Inverter for Magnetotelluric Data of Geothermal Systems
Magnetotelluric (MT) inversion is a nonlinear and ill-posed problem in which observational noise, limited frequency coverage, and modeling assumptions complicate stable resistivit…
Structural Scaling in Exoplanetary Systems: An Empirical Method for Targeted Discovery
Analysis of 500+ confirmed exoplanetary systems reveals that planetary orbital positions correlate strongly with host star structural properties. Two distinct clustering points em…
Estuarine Morphodynamic Equilibrium: A Framework for Width and Bed Profile
Coastal rivers and estuaries are increasingly subjected to intense anthropogenic pressures that constrain their natural morphological variability. Across the globe, estuarine syst…
A Multi-Scale Probabilistic Machine Learning Model for Balanced and Unbalanced Sea Surface Height Decomposition
Sea surface height (SSH) reflects a superposition of balanced motions (BM) and unbalanced motions (UBM), which play distinct roles in ocean dynamics and energetics. The Surface Wa…
Climate Intervention through Stratospheric Aerosol Injection may partially mitigate marine heatwaves
Marine heatwaves (MHWs) cause significant harm to marine life, ecosystem services, and can intensify hurricanes. Global warming has increased MHW duration and intensity over the l…
Assessing Data-Driven Eddy-Parameterizations in an Atlantic Sector Model
Mesoscale eddies are the dominant reservoir of kinetic energy in the ocean and a key component of the Earth’s climate system. Current state-of-the-art climate models can only part…
Fine-scale Population, Emissions, and Atmospheric Dynamics Driving Health Disparity Outcomes from Energy Transition
Transitioning to a low-carbon energy system can provide air quality and health co-benefits. While the aggregate effects are intuitively clear, the distributions across regions and…
Ionosphere-Thermosphere Responses to the March 2023 Geomagnetic Storm Using Observations and TIEGCM Simulations Driven …
We investigate ionosphere-thermosphere (IT) responses to the March 2023 geomagnetic storm using GOLD and PFISR observations, along with TIEGCM simulations driven by data-assimilat…
Observational Uncertainty in Deep Learning Climate Downscaling and Projections
Deep learning (DL) models are increasingly used for climate downscaling, yet the impact of observational uncertainty on their performance remains poorly understood. Here we assess…
Climate Intervention through Stratospheric Aerosol Injection may partially mitigate marine heatwaves
Marine heatwaves (MHWs) cause significant harm to marine life and ecosystem services, and can intensify hurricanes. Global warming has increased the duration and intensity of M…
Seasonal and Annual Shifts in Temperate Swamp Biophysical Conditions and Carbon Dioxide (CO2 ) Exchange under a Changin…
Peatlands in North America are important to regional carbon (C) inventories. Carbon storage and other C cycling processes in peatlands rely on unique hydroclimatic conditions that…
Analyzing Post-Harvey Recovery through Nighttime Lights: A Case Study of Harris County, Texas
In the United States, disaster recovery operates within a broader framework of federal insurance and post-disaster aid programs that are central to rebuilding efforts. Despite sub…
Sorghum Tolerance and Weed Control with Amicarbazone and Metribuzin Applied Preemergence
Groundwater contamination has prompted the Environmental Protection Agency to consider restricting atrazine use, highlighting the need for alternative preemergence herbicides in g…
On the Role of Electron Precipitation in Excess Radiation Doses Measured at Aviation Altitudes
Radiation from space in the form of galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) generates a persistent background of ionizing radiation in Earth’s atmosphere. The dose rate of ionizing radiation …
Local and Remote Drivers of Liquid Freshwater Transport through Denmark Strait
The Arctic is a rapidly changing region, warming faster than the rest of the planet. The Arctic is also a source of freshwater, which is exported to the North Atlantic where it in…
Insights from an ensemble inverse method to quantify basal friction uncertainties for ice-sheet models - Part 2: Antarc…
Antarctica’s contribution to sea level rise depends critically on basal sliding—the friction between ice and bedrock—yet the physical processes governing this resistance remain po…
Projections of Earth's Hottest Surface Temperatures in CMIP6
Extreme land heat threatens health, infrastructure, and ecosystems worldwide. Using CMIP6 simulations, we evaluate historical extremes against Berkeley Earth and project future ch…
Estimating land surface subsidence rates in Tehran using satellite-derived topographic differencing
Depletion of non-renewable groundwater drives land surface subsidence across Iran. In south-west Tehran, Sentinel-1 InSAR estimated land subsidence rates reach ~130 mm/yr, resulti…
The A-KBS Arctic Knowledge Based System: Science Gateway Integration for Exascale Arctic Data Processing and Geospatial…
Science Gateways offer web based environments that enable distributed research communities to access advanced computational resources, including high performance computing (HPC), …
Water surface elevation across the river-ocean interface from the SWOT mission
Low-lying deltas are highly vulnerable to fluvial-coastal compound-flooding from interactions between coastal forcings and river discharge, yet observations spanning the river-est…
A Closed-Form Equation Linking Soil Moisture and Evaporation
Estimating evaporation from surface soil moisture data poses a persistent challenge for modelling the hydrological cycle. Deriving a physics-based solution to convert single-probe…
From Benchmarking to Explainability: Machine Learning Algorithms for Rogue Wave Prediction
Rogue waves pose a major hazard to offshore structures and maritime operations, yet reliable prediction remains challenging due to their rarity and the nonlinear processes involve…
UEPI-R Solar Flares: Real-Time Early Warning for M and X-Class Events Using Causal Regime Detection on GOES XRS Data
We present UEPI-R Solar Flares (Universal Early Pre-Ignition-Regime), a real-time early warning system for M-and X-class solar flares. Unlike most forecasting systems, which rely …
Information Flow in geophysical systems
We present a new framework for analyzing the evolution of information in geophysical 13 systems. Understanding how information, and its counterpart, uncertainty, propagates 14 is …
AI Challenge for Satellite Tracking and Orbit Resilience Modeling (STORM-AI): Dataset, Design, and Results
Precise thermospheric density forecasting is critical for mitigating satellite drag in Low Earth Orbit (LEO), but traditional empirical models such as MSIS and JB2008 can fail dur…
Declining River Discharge Intensifies Water Scarcity Despite Increasing Precipitation
Precipitation has generally been considered to predominantly drive river discharge, yet some rivers have surprisingly shown dwindling river discharge despite increasing precipitat…
Retail Bottled Water Sales Behavior Under Extreme Events
Over the past two decades, bottled water sales have steadily increased, becoming a widely consumed daily necessity for many individuals. Beyond everyday consumption, bottled water…
Ionospheric data fusion with GNSS, GNSS-RO and satellite altimetry based on machine learning
Global Ionospheric Maps (GIMs) are essential in Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) applications, particularly for correcting ionospheric delays in single-frequency position…
Ensemble-Based Uncertainty Quantification Can Improve Large-Scale Precipitation Data for Hydrologic Prediction
Large uncertainties have hindered uptake of large-scale precipitation data from satellites, reanalysis, and "merged" datasets in hydrologic applications. While this problem could …
Sea Level Variability over the Northwest European Shelf across Different Timescales
We examine the sea level variability over the Northwest European Shelf (NWES) across different timescales and its underlying drivers. Using a basin-scale Atlantic Ocean model that…
Trauma-Informed Cognition: A Physics-Based Cognitive Model
Justification of both hypotheses, fields, and similar work in research is slow and generally requires an expert or exceptional resources. To avoid a field justification through…
Quantifying persistent extreme heat using a Heat Persistence Index
Sustained extreme heat amplifies impacts beyond isolated hot days, necessitating metrics that jointly quantify severity and persistence in a single, physically meaningful number. …
Snow Gum Dieback Enhances Trunk Monoterpene Emissions in the Australian Alps
Canopy decline is increasingly prevalent in high-elevation snow gum (Eucalyptus pauciflora) forests across the Australian Alps. This phenomenon, known as snow gum dieback, is asso…
A Simple Discrete Elastic Model Exhibits Both the Statistical Properties and Migration Patterns of Slow Slip
More than 20 years after their discovery, the physical mechanisms of slow earthquakes remain enigmatic. Here, we develop a simple quasi-static elastic model that reproduces both t…
Post-1950s Atlantic 'warming hole' is caused by ocean heat transport change, not surface fluxes
• The 'warming hole' or 'cold blob' in the northern Atlantic represents a full-depth heat content decline • The region of declining heat content does not correspond to an area of …
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