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A recent multi-day workshop, co-convened by Schmidt Ocean Institute (SOI), Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution’s(WHOI) National Deep Submergence Facility (NDSF), and the Marine G…

The Carpathian–Pannonian Region (CPR) is one of the most seismically active areas in Central Europe, as evidenced by destructive events such as the Mw 7.7 Vrancea earthquake of 19…

Potential intensity (PI) is a key indicator for tropical cyclone (TC) activity, yet it exhibits considerable variability across global climate model (GCM) simulations, even with i…

The plume buoyancy framework used in previous work is applied to understand the processes leading to moist tropical heat waves (HWs). Lag composite analysis applied to four region…

Pull-apart basins (PABs) commonly develop within extensional step-overs along strike-slip faults, but their effect in determining rupture behaviors across step-overs remains obscu…

Recent studies have recorded numerous small earthquakes in the rock volume surrounding mid-oceanic ridges, where serpentinization occurs. Sustained serpentinization of peridotite …

We examined air–sea interactions in a weakly coupled ocean–atmosphere data assimilation (DA) system by performing an observing system experiment (OSE). The OSE is performed for th…

The rise in global mean sea level approximates integrated planetary warming, with the proviso that the pace of glacial melting is out of equilibrium with global warming. Strength …

Biomass burning emissions factors (EFs) are essential for understanding the impacts of landscape fires on Earth’s atmosphere, air quality, and climate. Here we develop and evaluat…

The interaction between subducted slabs and the core-mantle boundary (CMB) is critical for understanding lower mantle heterogeneity. Here, we investigate a localized ultralow velo…

Natural Farming has emerged as a climate-resilient agriculture practice and is popularizing not only in India but also around the world. Researchers considered this a low-cost pra…

Strongly increasing trends in global methane in recent decades highlight the importance of understanding source-sink attributions and climate feedback mechanisms, especially for l…

In light of increasingly frequent and severe wildfires over the past decade, the state of California intends to significantly scale up the use of prescribed fires and other contro…

This study quantitatively assesses the drivers of the Equatorial Ionization Anomaly (EIA) morphology and latitudinal shifts over Southeast Asia during the December solstice. We us…

This study examines the interplay between the diurnal cycle of precipitation over Timika, southern Papua, and local land-sea breezes and large-scale drivers. The diurnal cycle is …

During the last deglaciation large proglacial lakes formed at the base of retreating ice sheets, retaining a cold surface during summer due to iceberg calving and meltwater inflow…

The temporal variability of precipitation originates from the multiplicative effects of air uplift and vapor-to-liquid conversion. The latter is commonly represented by a product …

Sediment budgets are diagnostic of saltmarsh resilience, yet quantifying net sediment fluxes remains constrained by limited, asynchronous observations of suspended sediment conc…

 Annual rainfall recharge thresholds (RRT) were not statistically significant between sites spread across diverse climate types.  Seasonality was pronounced; at winter-wet sites…

Large parabolic antennas used in radio astronomy are mechanically vulnerable to high wind loads, which can compromise both structural integrity and pointing calibration. We presen…

Arsenic contamination in groundwater poses a major global health concern, with prolonged exposure linked to severe adverse health effects. The toxicity and mobility of arsenic dep…

We investigate the radiative impacts of tropical cirrus on the planetary boundary layer height (PBLH) over a polluted urban site at Manila Observatory (14.64°N, 121.08°E), Philipp…

Accumulation of dust on the Lunar and Martian surfaces plays a critical role in both surface evolution and human exploration efforts, limiting equipment lifetimes and obscuring op…

High-resolution estimates of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) are crucial for exposure assessment and public health, yet in much of the Global South, monitoring is sparse, and glob…

During the main phase of the 1 December 2023 geomagnetic storm, a super equatorial plasma bubble (EPB) was observed to occur and develop in the East/Southeast Asian sector, causin…

This study presents the development and evaluation of TCWA2, a double-moment bulk cloud microphysics scheme designed for weather forecasting that incorporates radar observations a…

Overshooting convection significantly impacts the composition of the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS), yet its linkage to Atmospheric Rivers (ARs) remains poorly un…

The destructive potential of a tropical cyclone (TC) depends on both its intensity and size, yet the coupled evolution of these properties remains insufficiently explored. This st…

The objective is to demonstrate that spatially variable ice-surface roughness is an important, and so-far overlooked, component of melt processes in the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS)…

Water inrush is a critical geological hazard restricting safe and efficient mining operations in the Namdock Coal Mine, which is situated in a complex hydrogeological setting with…

Stratified sedimentary deposits inherently exhibit pronounced heterogeneity, which critically governs their coupled hydraulic and mechanical responses to external loading or pore …

Northern permafrost landscapes are undergoing rapid warming and thaw, yet the three-dimensional subsurface structure that governs thaw vulnerability and landscape response remains…

Previous studies reporting the spatial inhomogeneity and heterogeneity (often used interchangeably) of cirrus cloud properties have primarily been case studies derived from relati…

Predicting future changes in ice sheet dynamics requires a robust understanding of how polycrystalline ice deforms under different mechanical and thermal conditions. Current ice-d…

• We develop a new method to diagnose divergent motions from SWOT observations at the submesoscale. • Our approach blends dynamical balance with a data-driven regression model val…

The quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) is a fundamental mode of atmospheric variability and a textbook example of wave-mean flow interactions. While its general theory has been esta…

We investigate the spatiotemporal dynamics of aerosol pollution in the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) and the North China Plain (NCP), two of the world's most populated regions, agains…

Sediment size regulates flow resistance, sediment transport, stream–groundwater exchange and microbial respiration, yet its distributions remain poorly mapped at scales relevant t…

In summer, the atmosphere over extratropical continents is close to moist convective neutrality, whereby near-surface moist static energy, MSEs, is tightly constrained by free-tro…

Rapid urban population growth has led to the vertical urbanisation and expansion of multi-unit buildings in cities across the globe. At the same time, climate change, as one of …

Sinking biogenic particles drive the ocean biological carbon pump by transferring carbon from the surface ocean to depth, yet the processes governing their formation, transformati…

The grounding line hinge position for the Fimbul Ice Shelf (Antarctic Peninsula) was determined using Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Interferometric data from June 2023 through Oc…

The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) is the overall effect of basin-wide meridional transport in the Atlantic, and is a central component of the climate system. …

As a gateway between the Arctic and subtropics, the subpolar North Atlantic plays a key role in large-scale climate variability. In recent decades, the region has experienced pron…

Hardware released during spacecraft entry can generate hypervelocity impacts that provide unique constraints on planetary subsurface properties. During NASA’s Perseverance descent…

Rogue waves are relatively large, surface gravity waves that pose significant risks to maritime safety, offshore infrastructure, and coastal environments. The development of a rel…

Accurate flood estimation in snow-dominated and high-latitude regions remains challenging due to complex interactions among rainfall, snowmelt, and rain-on-snow (ROS) processes, w…

We present UEPI-R Solar Flares (Universal Early Pre-Ignition-Regime), a real-time early warning system for M-and X-class solar flares. Unlike most forecasting systems, which rely …