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An accurate velocity model of the Los Angeles Basin (LAB) is important for physics-based ground motion prediction based on realistic earthquake rupture scenarios. Previous efforts…

We present a new list of bow shock and magnetopause crossings based on automated region classification for the MESSENGER (Mercury Surface, Space Environment, Geochemistry and Rang…

Convection-permitting dynamical downscaling (CPDD) allows for an explicit representation of the convective storms that generate tornadoes, hail, severe thunderstorm winds, and l…

A novel approach is presented for improving atmosphere-lake heat and evaporative fluxes in global and regional climate models. The method involves deriving and applying runtime co…

Flash droughts, characterized by rapid onset and intensification, have received increasing attention. Previous studies focused on their identification, evolution, and climatic dri…

The Arteni Volcanic Complex lies within the Ararat Plain, within the Aragats Volcanic Province (AVP) of western Armenia, and is noted for its remarkable diversity of obsidian type…

Modelling streamflow in low-lying, flat, and pothole-dominated prairie or Arctic regions is challenging due to variable non-contributing areas that influence how runoff translates…

We present atmospheric chlorine inventories over twenty-one years (2004–2024) and five latitude bands (82–60°N, 60–30°N, 30°N–30°S, 30–60°S, 60–82°S) across altitudes from the s…

Atmospheric turbulent transport exhibits anomalous scaling with variance growth $\langle r^2 \rangle \propto t^{2.5}$ observed in stratospheric balloon experiments, fundamentally …

Floods remain among the world’s most devastating natural disasters, yet conventional prediction models often overlook a critical variable: the geotechnical characteristics of soil…

Wave-induced transport in the coastal zone can play an important role in the distribution of nutrients, plankton and pollutants including plastic litter. The effect of the water d…

The South Pole-Aitken basin (SPA) is the largest and oldest impact basin on the Moon and excavated through the crust and into the mantle early in lunar history. Here we use gravit…

Spectral and hyperspectral data provide essential information on the surface composition of rocky planetary bodies, through which we can reconstruct and understand their geologic …

Sea ice plays a vital role in modulating air-sea interactions in the Southern Oceans. Accurate simulation of sea ice and its coupling with the ocean usually requires high-resoluti…

Precipitation is a fundamental component of the climate system, linking the water and energy cycles and regulating climate variability, feedbacks, and extremes. Accurate precipita…

Root zone soil moisture (RZSM) and subsurface fluxes such as capillary rise, root water uptake, and deep percolation are critical for effective irrigation planning and groundwater…

We replicate Voortman and de Vos (2025). Although we unfortunately lack access to their data and code, we qualitatively reproduce their results. We argue that their null result-no…

math_shortcuts Earth system models (ESMs) often exchange solar fluxes and albedos between components using only two spectral bands (visible (VIS) and near-infrared (NIR)). Surfac…

Fluvial sediment process domains (a.k.a. sediment regimes) conceptualize rivers as discrete segments with characteristic and variable tendencies to source, move, and store sedimen…

The seismic expression of Earth’s 410 km discontinuity varies across tectonic settings, from sharp, high-amplitude interfaces to broad transitions—patterns that cannot be explaine…

In recent years, the health of the Indian River Lagoon (IRL) on Florida’s east coast has fluctuated due to recurring harmful algal blooms (HABs). These events typically involve cy…

We investigate whether large-scale geophysical features on Earth exhibit statistically significant alignment with fixed, high-symmetry spherical point sets. Using a unified comput…

Ash-producing volcanic eruptions are a major natural hazard. The explosivity of these eruptions has been described for decades by a semi-quantitative “Volcanic Explosivity Index (…

Hazardous convective weather (HCW), severe storms producing tornadoes, hail, or strong winds, poses a significant threat to life and property in the United States (U.S.) east of t…

Cirrus clouds, consisted entirely of ice particles and found at the highest levels of the troposphere, play a critical role in Earth's energy balance. By reflecting incoming sunli…

math_shortcuts Traditional volcano monitoring relies on dense ground-based instrumentation (e.g., seismology, gravity and deformation), which is available for only a small subset…

Flash droughts (FD) develop rapidly with severe agricultural and ecological impacts despite their shorter duration in comparison to prolonged droughts. While previous studies have…

Evaluating water availability in catchments with widespread anthropogenic influences, such as the Hindon River Basin in India with intensive irrigation, groundwater abstractions, …

The rate at which sediment is transported along a stream channel bed (bedload) varies widely even at a given discharge, complicating prediction. Recent studies suggest that sedime…

The drivers of the southern summer mesopause are investigated through a series of simulations that for the first time reproduce mesopause jumps using the K\”uhlungsborn Mechanisti…

Large-eddy simulations (LES) are commonly employed to study small-scale weather phenomena and to validate coarser models. Like larger-scale weather and climate models, they contai…

CRISPI (Compositional Regolith and Icy Surface analysis via Particle Impact) is a proposed ridealong in-situ mass spectrometer (MS) smallsat mission to provide synergistic astrobi…

During an earthquake a dynamic rupture propagates, causing fractures and permanent damage that modify the mechanical properties of the fault and its surroundings. Reciprocally, th…

Large earthquakes can activate complex networks of aftershock faults. In such complex fault systems, what controls the spatiotemporal evolution of early aftershocks remains a crit…

Reliable estimation of design floods under climate change is critical for water resources planning yet remains challenging due to uncertainty in climate-informed statistical model…

Digital rock physics (DRP), using high-resolution 3D microtomographic rock images, is widely employed to predict elastic and transport properties of subsurface formations. Accurat…

Soil erosion poses a significant threat to agricultural productivity and water resource sustainability, particularly in monsoon-dominated semi-arid basins. This study estimates so…

not-yet-known not-yet-known not-yet-known unknown Accurate simulation of the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) requ…

Post-wildfire debris flows can have devestating effects on structures and transportation lifelines. Surficial sandy soil layers become hydrophobic during wildfires, and post-wildf…

The Caloris basin is the largest of the well-preserved basins on Mercury, which has left a dominant mark in the planet’s geologic record. Previous analysis of orientations of a gl…

Commercial AM radio transmissions (0.54 – 1.7 MHz) in the medium-frequency (MF, 0.3 – 3 MHz) band provide a promising yet underexplored resource for ionospheric remote sensing. Bu…

Predicting the effect of genetic variants can boost the efficiency of crop breeding. This calls for developing and applying novel approaches to predict mutation effects on plan…

Data driven models are emergent tools in the field of hydrology that can enable researchers to leverage the vast quantities of available data to skillfully predict hydrologic resp…

Frequency-dependent fluctuations of body-wave traveltimes in heterogeneous media have been extensively documented at global and laboratory scales, yet they have never been systema…

An Mw 8.8 earthquake on 29 July 2025 generated a tsunami near the Kamchatka Peninsula. The NASA-CNES interferometric SAR satellite Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) produc…

Extreme runoff events are among the most impactful hydrologic phenomena, yet remain difficult to predict due to their rarity, the skewed distribution of streamflow, dependence on …

Zooplankton play a key role in setting the particulate organic carbon (POC) distribution in the ocean, but this remains poorly quantified on large scales due to the complexity of …

It is in urgent need to achieve sustainable production development in agriculture to curb the global warming trend. Diversified cropping systems provide such a promising solution …