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Previous studies omit the nontraditional Coriolis terms (NCTs) when modeling shallow convective clouds in the trade-wind zone, which are important climate coolers. This study cond…

Glacier mass balance (MB) is a key indicator of climate change and a central driver of glacier evolution, yet most glaciers worldwide lack long-term in-situ measurements. For esti…

Chronic groundwater depletion in California's Central Valley highlights the need for Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) as a key sustainability strategy. Given the high costs and land…

The post-collisional evolution of orogenic belts is commonly marked by high-temperature metamorphism and widespread magmatism, yet the processes linking collision to post-collisio…

We provide an unprecedented estimate of the cosmic dust flux to Earth based on the study of the rare micrometeorites which retain most of their pristine features during atmospheri…

Tidal wetlands are critical carbon sinks, yet their response to ongoing environmental change remains uncertain across the conterminous United States. To address this gap, we quant…

Large earthquakes involve processes that occur primarily at seismogenic depths of 5-10km or more, which are difficult to observe in detail with traditional seismic networks. The F…

Process-based models such as the Environmental Policy Integrated Climate (EPIC) model are widely used to simulate carbon dynamics, but their regional-scale accuracy is limited by …

Numerous cargo and tanker vessels every year transit the Bering Sea, and with decreasing sea ice in the Arctic, increasing levels of travel through the Bering Strait to new shippi…

Drought and heatwave events, particularly when co-occurring, pose significant threats to terrestrial carbon sinks. However, quantifying their multifaceted nature and assessing …

Historically the X-ray emission in the hard X-ray spectrum (> 1keV) has been attributed entirely to precipitating electrons and fitted with a power law or bremsstrahlung model. Th…

This study examines the reconstructive effects of AI design tools on semantic mapping and user comprehension from visual linguistics and cognitive psychology perspectives. Through…

Recent advances in generative AI have enabled the integration of scientific knowledge into natural language interfaces. However, existing large language models (LLMs) lack domain-…

Monitoring air quality is essential for assessing the environmental and health consequences of airborne pollutants. Through merging affordable sensor technology with machine learn…

Golf course superintendents are often challenged by labor shortages and must find creative ways to complete maintenance tasks before golfers arrive, such as rolling putting greens…

The state of the marine ecosystem can be estimated by a combination of numerical models and satellite observations through data assimilation (DA) methods. Satellite data represent…

We use a Full Wave Model to examine the dynamics and energetics of waves that can be excited in the troposphere by a large explosive event. We find resonant structures in phase sp…

Extreme episodic changes in Antarctic continental shelf icescapes—such as glacier calving or iceberg grounding—can reshape regional sea and icescapes. Grounded icebergs may block …

Increasing fire within the Amazon rainforest is a significant disturbance that has the potential to alter flow regimes and subsequently impact local ecology and ecosystem services…

Ground-level neutron monitors (NMs) are essential tools for monitoring space weather events, including the detection and alerting of ground-level enhancement (GLE) events. This st…

The subtropical westerly jet (SWJ), a fundamental element of the midlatitude atmospheric circulation that greatly impacts global weather and climate, exhibits multiple centers …

This paper documents AUS2200, a community-driven, high-resolution limited-area modelling project for Australia based on the UK Met Office Unified Model (UM) coupled to the Joint U…

We present a coordinated multi-instrument analysis of the ionospheric responses from middle to low latitudes to the storm sudden commencement (SSC) triggered by an interplanetary …

A compound flooding event occurs when two or more extreme factors occur simultaneously or in close succession, amplifying flood risk beyond what individual hazards would produce. …

Fluid-rock interactions in geological reservoirs influence pore pressure and can induce ground deformation reaching millimeters to centimeters annually. Elastic deformation mod…

Accurate, real-time detection of signals from earthquake precursory processes is crucial not only for understanding earthquake physics but also for short-term forecasting. A recen…

Slow-slip events (SSEs) release tectonic stress aseismically along subduction interfaces at shallow (<20 km) and deep (30-60 km) depths. Here, we explore nonlinear relationship…

Cooling fractures found within impact melt deposits have been manually mapped within several craters on the Moon and Mercury, as their distribution can indicate which heat-loss pr…

The Alpine-Himalayan belt is one of Earth's most dynamic and complex regions, characterized by intense tectonic deformation and seismicity. Comprehensive analyses of continental-s…

Cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (CHABs) are a growing concern in freshwater environments. These blooms can lead to degraded water quality, ecosystem disruptions, and public…

Depletion of non-renewable groundwater drives land surface subsidence across Iran. In south-west Tehran, Sentinel-1 InSAR estimated land subsidence rates reach ~130 mm/yr, resulti…

Over the tropics, a robust statistical relationship between outgoing longwave radiation (R) and precipitation (P) is observed, linked to the cloud-radiative effect (CRE). To quant…

This study analyses laboratory data of beach response to sea-level rise (SLR), isolating shoreline changes driven by passive flooding of the beach and consequent wave-driven proce…

Some climate models exhibit multidecadal-to-centennial variability of the Southern Ocean (SO) associated with open-ocean polynyas and deep convection. We characterize the SO varia…

This study presents a machine learning framework for predicting CO₂ over European urban regions at a spatiotemporal resolution of 0.02° and daily frequency, using satellite-based …

This work presents a high-resolution earthquake catalog for the Kefalonia region, Greece, built from the analysis of Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) data recorded on a telecomm…

Exchange processes at the seabed interface have a non-negligible impact on biogeochemical processes of the sea. Acknowledging this impact on the input of nutrients from the seabed…

Monitoring dust storms from space provides important information for assessing their impacts on air quality, the climate, and Earth-atmosphere system processes. This study present…

Understanding the spatio-temporal variations in the physical properties of the Earth's crust is crucial for comprehending the dynamic processes linked to earthquakes. Conventional…

Polarimetric slope sensing (PSS) is a powerful tool for remote measurement of the spatiotemporal characteristics of short surface waves. However, two key shortcomings have negativ…

Nowadays Mars presents an environment characterized by low atmospheric pressure (~6 mbar), which profoundly alters water-driven surface processes known from Earth. The behavior of…

A key uncertainty in climate science lies in reconstructing global temperatures from sparse proxy data. Here, we apply an emergent constraint framework that combines statistical r…

Observations show a bimodal frequency distribution in total column vapour (TCV) over tropical oceans, with convective rainfall predominantly produced on the moist side of the freq…