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Ultra-Low-Frequency (ULF) waves cause local Thermosphere-Ionosphere (T-I) perturbations, but their impacts on the global T-I system including the generation of Travelling Atmosphe…

In 2023, Canada experienced its worst wildfire season on record, releasing carbon emissions and contributing to extreme air pollution in northeastern United States. This study inv…

This article reports some corrections to the numbers presented in Tables 1 and A1 of the published article entitled “New Views of Lunar Seismicity Brought by Analysis of Newly Dis…

North American cold spells (NA CS) co-occurring with European wind extremes, known as Pan-Atlantic compound extremes, can arise from diverse dynamical pathways. This study investi…

We integrated the bimodal-PDI scheme into the Community Land Model (CLM5) for Tibetan wetland sites. Benchmark simulations using in-situ soil moisture networks and eddy covariance…

Semeru (Indonesia) is a persistent eruptive volcano, but its volcanic activity remains poorly constrained. Here we used a combination of different remote sensing data to improv…

Mantle-derived magma flux has a first-order control on long-term volcanic productivity, volatile cycling, and crustal growth in convergent margins. Yet, the factors controlling it…

The development of harmonized, standardized, and integrated environmental observation systems is a key challenge in Earth system science and essential for advancing interdisciplin…

Each year during the Asian summer monsoon, a distinct aerosol layer known as the Asian Tropopause Aerosol Layer (ATAL) forms in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. So …

We observed a terrestrial gamma-ray flash (TGF) shortly after the return stroke in a positive cloud-to-ground (+CG) flash during a 2025 winter thunderstorm in the Hokuriku region …

Image-based phenotyping represents an innovative approach in breeding research, allowing rapid and reliable measurements that aid in decision-making. This study used image analysi…

Uncertainty in anthropogenic forcing driven by aerosol-cloud interactions (aci) limits our ability to infer the sensitivity of the Earth system to forcing from historical records.…

Reservoirs play a critical role in water management, yet comprehensive and real-time observations of reservoir storage change remain limited, especially outside the U.S. Observati…

Oceanic intrinsic processes can drive chaotic sea level variations over the global ocean, which are superimposed on those associated with atmospheric variability (forced variabili…

Surface self-potential (SP) measurements provide a promising tool for monitoring deep fluid injections, yet quantitative modeling of SP signals remains challenging due to the comp…

Seismic activity in the Changning shale gas field, Sichuan basin, has increased substantially since large-scale shale gas development began in 2014. To better delineate the distri…

Fluctuations in the geomagnetic field occur over a broad range of timescales. Short-period fluctuations are called secular variation, whereas excursions and reversals are viewed a…

Seasonal dynamics in surface water area (SWA) provide valuable insights into regional climate change and anthropogenic activities. Conventional methods predominantly rely on optic…

In a global-scale nuclear war, the massive explosions, intense heat, and radioactive fallout would cause extensive harm to humanity and ecosystems. Further, previous studies of ev…

The El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phases are asymmetrical, with El Niño exhibiting greater sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies compared to La Niña. La Niña conditions ca…

Accurate and efficient calculation of ionospheric conductances from electron precipitation is crucial for large-scale magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling studies. Early parameteriza…

The influence of mountains on precipitation processes can produce distinct spatial patterns in climatology. These relationships are often used to inform interpolation between prec…

Normal-faulting earthquakes in mountain ranges provide important constraints on the dynamics of mountain building. To date, range-parallel extension has only been reported in sout…

Assessing how near-surface wind speed will change is critical for estimating future wind power resources. We investigate future wintertime changes in near-surface wind speed over …

Gridded precipitation datasets have become essential for understanding climate variability and long-term trends; however, their accuracy and reliability strongly depends on the av…

Plant transpiration, groundwater, and streamflow responses to changes in precipitation rates are moderated by largely unobserved partitioning of unsaturated subsurface water stora…

The 2023 East Asian summer experienced a record-breaking compound hot-humid extreme and an unprecedented concurrent marine heatwave (MHW) in surrounding oceans. Understanding and …

The amount of sunlight reflected by clouds has a dramatic effect on Earth’s energy budget. For liquid clouds the reflected sunlight in overcast conditions depends on the amount of…

For hydrogeological management of seasonally frozen soils, or permafrost, the quanification of ice and water content is key. Changes in electrical conductivity are commonly used t…

The development of urban water system solutions has long relied on manual workflows dating back to the 1950s, which depend heavily on expert knowledge for task decomposition, mode…

Identifying sources of ice nucleating particles (INPs) in the Central Arctic is important for understanding controls on the phase of Arctic mixed-phase clouds (AMPCs). We show mel…

TRIPLE (Technologies for Rapid Ice Penetration and subglacial Lake Exploration) is a project line initiated by the German Space Agency at DLR (Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raum…

Coastal and inland communities are increasingly vulnerable to tropical cyclones (TCs), yet accurately assessing flood risk remains challenging due to uncertainties in precipitatio…

During the latest Miocene, the Mediterranean Basin was affected by extreme paleoceanographic and paleoenvironmental changes culminating with evaporite (gypsum and halite) formatio…

This paper analyzes the time-mean currents u 𝑏 at the sea-floor in high-resolution numerical simulations for the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Ocean basins. The bottom speeds are …

With the looming threat of climate change, climate simulations are needed to design policies for mitigation and adaptation. Such simulations of weather and climate are usually don…

Atmospheric thermal tides are global oscillations driven by periodic solar heating that strongly influence circulation and vertical coupling in the Martian atmosphere. Previous st…

In this study, we use the Specified Dynamics Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model with thermosphere-ionosphere eXtension (SD-WACCM-X) to study the variability of the migrating…

Highway transportation systems are facing challenges such as congestion due to urban development and increasing number of vehicles. This study presents a model using Long Short-…

Fusarium wilt, a vascular disease of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) caused by the soilborne fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fragariae, has emerged over the past 20 yea…

Rice blast remains a major disease, causing severe yield losses in rice-producing regions and posing a threat to global food security. Understanding genetic variation within germp…

The compositional evolution of the Earth’s mantle is the result of mantle differentiation and thermal evolution. Partial melting of mantle materials produces geochemical heterogen…

Sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) can alter the North Atlantic (NA) circulation on subseasonal-to-seasonal time scales, typically leading to an equatorward shift of the eddy-dr…

A polar cap patch was observed to exit the polar cap to become a blob as it entered the auroral oval on the nightside of the Earth under moderately quiet geomagnetic conditions (=…

Following an earthquake, faults lock and regain strength via a combination of healing mechanisms. Geophysical studies suggest that fault healing is a key control on earthquake rec…

We perform Direct Numerical Simulations of broadband surface waves forced by a turbulent atmospheric boundary layer coupled with a developing underwater current. We analyze the sp…

Iron (Fe) availability impacts marine primary productivity, influencing the efficiency of the biological pump. Stable Fe isotope analysis has emerged as a tool to understand how F…

Incipient Rift (IR) is the latest in a sequence of short-lived rifts that form ridge-ridge-ridge triple junctions with the East Pacific Rise (EPR) in the Galapagos triple junction…