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Showing 19401 to 19450 of 22070 works
Characterization of the spatiotemporal distribution of shear stress and bedload flux within a mobile, rippled bed
Mobile sediment layer dynamics and the distribution of shear stress within mobile fluid-sediment mixtures are not well understood, particularly for oscillatory flows over rippled …
An idealized two-dimensional atmospheric model of the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation and wave-mean flow interactions in the…
The quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) is a fundamental mode of atmospheric variability and a textbook example of wave-mean flow interactions. While its general theory has been esta…
An integrated perspective to understand environmental crises of sustainable development in the Anthropocene: a planetar…
Human activities have become major driver of global environmental changes and pushed the Earth system into the Anthropocene. How to integrate current understanding about sustainab…
Optimization of CRNP Deployment Strategy and Evaluation of Radial Measurement Representativeness in a Humid Hilly Region
The representativeness and response accuracy of Cosmic-Ray Neutron Probe (CRNP) systems are significantly constrained in complex terrain environments, necessitating optimized depl…
Forced Component Estimation Statistical Method Intercomparison Project (ForceSMIP)
Anthropogenic climate change is unfolding rapidly, yet its regional manifestation can be obscured by internal variability. A primary goal of climate science is to identify the ext…
Benchmarking Hydrological Models and Assessing Flux Consistency Across Spatial Resolutions
Accurate representation of terrestrial Essential Climate Variables (tECVs) is fundamental for understanding the hydroclimate system and informing policy decisions. Despite progres…
Supershear Rupture of the 1995 Mw 7.2 Multi-Segment Nuweiba Earthquake in the Gulf of Aqaba
The Gulf of Aqaba (GoA) is the seismically most active region in the Red Sea, with a history of large earthquakes and posing a high seismic hazard to coastal communities. This stu…
Leveraging local depth phases for improved hypocenter analysis and discovery of a thick seismogenic zone in Ridgecrest,…
Accurate earthquake location is of fundamental importance for understanding seismogenic process, revealing the Earth’s interior structure, and mitigating seismic hazard. However, …
How Ice Composition Controls Radiatively Driven Convection under Lake Ice
Light transmission through the ice cover of lakes can heat near-surface waters and result in radiatively driven convection (RDC), a major source of under-ice water motion in sprin…
Experimental study of the interaction between rainfall and runoff on three samples under three rainfall intensities in …
Soil erosion occurs from two phases of transport and detachment of soil particles by runoff or rainfall, and sedimentation phase occurs due to the loss of energy in the flow path’…
Lowermost mantle flow at thermochemical piles constrained by shear wave anisotropy: Insights from combined geodynamic a…
Seismic anisotropy is observed in the lowermost few hundred kilometers of the mantle. This anisotropy likely signifies strong deformation, possibly caused by mantle flow interacti…
Differential pulse sensitivity of nitric and nitrous oxide emissions to temperature, carbon, and nitrogen following wet…
Infrequent soil wetting in deserts can induce large nitrogen (N) trace gas pulses; however, how other abiotic mechanisms interactively control the timing and magnitude of these pu…
Diffusive and Nonlinear Scattering of Ring Current Protons by Electromagnetic Ion Cyclotron Waves in the Earth's Inner …
We evaluate the diffusive and nonlinear scattering of ring current protons by electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves in the Earth's inner magnetosphere using test particle sim…
Quantifying water content of a landfill with ERT data by Bayesian evidential learning
Accurate estimation of water stored in municipal solid waste landfills is essential for leachate-risk management but remains difficult to achieve due to high heterogeneity. We app…
Akatsuki Radio Science Measurements: Insights into the Solar Cycle Dependence of Inner-Middle Corona Turbulence
The inner to middle solar corona is a key region for solar wind generation. Akatsuki’s radio occultation measurements during five consecutive solar conjunctions from 2016 to 2022 …
Modulation of Tropical Cyclogenesis by the Convectively Coupled Kelvin Waves: Insights from Data-driven Climate Emulato…
• Tropical cyclogenesis preferentially occurs between 0 and 1 day after the peak of convectively coupled Kelvin waves (KWs) in all basins. • KWs modulate TC genesis by enhancing c…
Thermal and Compositional Characterization of the Greater Alpine Crust Using Seismic Observables
The Greater Alpine crust serves as a natural laboratory for studying tectonic and geodynamic processes, owing to its structural and lithological heterogeneity. One of the main cha…
Effective resistivity for magnetohydrodynamic simulation of collisionless magnetic reconnection
The electron inertia and the off-diagonal electron pressure terms are well-known for the frozen-in condition breakdown in collisionless magnetic reconnection, which are naturally …
Persistent coastal temperature biases in km-scale climate models due to unresolved oceanic tidal mixing.
Recent advances in numerical modeling enable km-scale climate simulations, improving global climate representation and local-scale projections, critical to climate adaptation stra…
Inner Magnetospheric Convection Electric Fields and Corresponding Geomagnetic Indices During High-Speed Solar Wind Stre…
Enhancements of large-scale convection electric fields in the inner magnetosphere, likely linked to low-latitude penetration electric fields in the ionosphere, are key components …
Temperature-based Diagnosis of the Gulf Stream Path Overestimates a Northward Shift in a Warming Ocean
A northward shift in the Gulf Stream (GS) path is considered a fingerprint of a weakening Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) and has been linked to recent ecosyste…
Permeability evolution and gouge formation during fracture shearing
Hydro-mechanical processes are crucial in various geoscientific applications such as enhanced geothermal systems, where fracture shearing occurs. This can result in an opening or …
Identifying the Timing of Regional Summertime Minimum Temperature Threshold Crossings and the Potential Subsequent Clim…
Abstract documentclassarticle Regional disparities in the magnitude and rate of warming drive uncertainties in not only the timing of critical temperature threshold crossings, but…
Which is better: deep-learning or manual seismic arrival-time picking?
Earthquake locations and catalogs from routine earthquake monitoring are typically based on manually reviewed arrival-time picks from classical, rule-based automatic pickers. High…
The impact of a long-lived Basal Magma Ocean on the thermochemical evolution of Mars
A basal magma ocean (BMO) has been suggested to form as a consequence of cumulate overturn following crystallisation of an initial global magma ocean. As a consequence of enrichme…
Influence of the loading stiffness on sheared granular fault gouge, and applicability to slip-weakening theory
Tectonic faults can slip in a spectrum of fault slip behaviors, from aseismic slip and slow ruptures to elasto-dynamic earthquakes. Following frictional theory, laboratory experim…
Observation of different multifractal phase transitions over three typhoon events
Rainfall variability poses significant challenges for measurement and analysis, particularly as climate change intensifies extreme events. Using 10-second rainfall data from three…
Enhanced view of the M w 6.4 Petrinja earthquake sequence (2020-2022) using deep learning
The abilities and performance of machine learning for creating seismic catalogues are still questioned and being tested. We here present the Petrinja Earthquake Sequence Machine L…
Comments on Linear-viscous flow of temperate ice
Several points require clarification to enhance comprehension for future researchers in glaciology. 1. The terminology employed in the paper is somewhat misleading; the term “tert…
Effects of a novel Loss-of-function waxy endosperm allele on Sorghum Seed Development and Grain Quality
Waxy sorghum seeds, defined by reduced amylose content in starch, offer the potential for improving grain quality in food and industrial applications. While waxy endosperms arisin…
Direct S-wave splitting from deep moonquakes: real or apparent?
Mantle flow throughout the lunar evolutionary history could be constrained by shear wave splitting if it is reliably observed in the moonquake waveforms. However, despite the long…
Cooling rate correction in paleointensity experiments on archaeological and geological materials
Obtaining accurate estimates of the absolute intensity of the past geomagnetic field (paleointensity) is one of the major challenges in paleomagnetic research. Paleointensity data…
Stratospheric Aerosol Plumes
Aerosol eruption plumes in the tropical lower stratosphere appear to rise whereas extra-tropical plumes do not. We show that this occurs because the Brewer-Dobson transport circul…
Spatiotemporal Complexity of Megathrust Seismicity Controlled by Subducted-Sediment Properties, Shear Heating, and Dehy…
There is substantial spatial and temporal variability in earthquake magnitude and occurrence across different sections of subduction zones. While temperature, sediment properties,…
A Filtering Physics-Informed Neural Operator for Online Hydraulic Transient Teconstruction
Hydraulic transients pose significant risks to pipeline systems, including potential leaks and bursts. While traditional numerical methods are widely used for transient analysis, …
Sensitivity of ocean carbon sink estimates to rare observations
We evaluate the impact of new data in the annual release of SOCATv2024 on air-sea CO2 flux reconstructions. Using the pCO2-Residual and LDEO-HPD methods, we reconstruct surface oc…
A machine learning methodology to identify current and future multi-hazard extreme events
Understanding the complex interactions and impacts of extreme climate events on socio-economic and natural systems is a necessary step for developing effective risk reduction and …
Covariations between persistent synoptic features and Antarctic sea ice via unsupervised regression learning
During the past decade, a succession of anomalous events in sea ice concentration has suggested that perhaps a shift in the overall dynamics of sea ice in the Antarctic region is …
Seasonal Pre-planting Drought Impact-based Forecasting of Crop Yield in India
Accurate drought impact-based forecasting of crop yield in India remains challenging due to the country’s hydro-climatic diversity and complex interactions between climate variabi…
Identifying MESSENGER Magnetospheric Boundary Crossings Using a Random Forest Region Classifier
We present a new list of bow shock and magnetopause crossings based on automated region classification for the MESSENGER (Mercury Surface, Space Environment, Geochemistry and Rang…
Plume Model Assessment of Tropical Convection Biases in Weather Forecast Systems: Application to the NOAA Unified Forec…
We develop a diagnostic framework for assessing systematic biases in tropical precipitation to support the improvement of weather forecast systems. The approach is demonstrated th…
Irrigation Water Productivity and Climate Impact Indices: The Multiple Dimensions of Climate-Smart Irrigation
• Irrigation is framed as a multi-objective optimization balancing crop productivity and soil emissions (climate impact) goals. • We derive a dual-index framework to assess irriga…
Charting a transformational course toward a safe and just future: the Earth Commission’s contribution
Humans are now operating well outside the planetary conditions that enabled stable and equitable development. The situation is urgent — we need a swift and profound shift in direc…
Inverse Estimation and Validation of Hydraulic Parameters of Paddy Soils under Humid Conditions Based on HYDRUS-1D Simu…
In humid regions, the infiltration-percolation characteristics and water retention capacity of paddy soils are key factors that determine the efficiency of irrigation water use an…
Opportunistic Short-term Compensatory Water Uptake by Subalpine Trees Observed via in situ Water Isotope Measurements
Variations in tree water sources are important to understand in semi-arid ecosystems because climatic shifts towards lower snowpack and increased drought affect water availabil…
The Impact of Model Retraining Frequency and Bias Correction on Predictive Performance in Air Quality Forecasting: Appl…
To effectively address air pollution's environmental and health impacts, high-definition data and advanced methods capturing both temporal and spatial variations are essential. Th…
Detection of Annual and Fine-Scale Interplate Coupling Variations Using Intraplate Earthquakes and Geodetic Data: Appli…
We propose a method to infer detailed spatiotemporal variations in interplate coupling by integrating geodetic and seismic data. It examines whether focal mechanisms of intraplate…
BIGapp: A User-Friendly Genomic Tool Kit Identified Quantitative Trait Loci for Creeping Rootedness in Alfalfa (Medicag…
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is a globally vital forage crop valued for its perennial growth and multiple annual harvests. A breeding effort is underway to improve the crop for pr…
Finding mountain summits in high-resolution LiDAR data
Two semi-automated processes are described for determining all of the mountain summits above a minimum topographic prominence threshold in a large set of high-resolution LiDAR ele…
Mixed Layer and Oceanic Kelvin Wave Response Biases to Equatorial Pacific Westerly Wind Events in CMIP6 Models
This study explores the biases in westerly wind events (WWEs) and their induced oceanic Kelvin waves (OKWs) in seven CMIP6 models from three modeling centers that provide daily th…
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