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Showing 18701 to 18750 of 22070 works
Budgets of particulate organic carbon in the mesopelagic layer across contrasting North Atlantic ocean biomes: a model …
Biogeochemical and physical processes in the mesopelagic layer regulate the long-term storage of photosynthetic carbon in the ocean interior. However, persisting uncertainties in …
Upper Atmospheric Vortices Following Strong Geomagnetic Storms
This paper presents observations of upper atmospheric vortices following two geomagnetic storms: a Kp 9- storm on 10 October 2024 and a Kp 8+ storm occurring in April of 2023. The…
Flexural Development in the Foreland Basin Adjacent to Northern Oman-UAE Mountain Belt: Effect of Lithospheric Weakening
Inception of obduction is a rare phenomenon in the Wilson cycle and requires specific prerequisites to transfer oceanic lithosphere over the continental lithosphere. The developme…
Correlation of uplift, precipitation, and erosion in the Himalayas revealed by coupled model of surface processes and o…
The Himalayas, one of the highest mountain belts on Earth, have undergone rapid bedrock uplift, intense orographic precipitation, and enhanced erosion since ~23 million years ago.…
Integrating Shared Risk into the Economic Assessment of Flood Adaptation
Coastal communities situated at the intersection of rivers and coastal plains depend on levees, dykes, and barrages for crucial flood protection. However, despite the local flood …
Exploring Mid-to-Lower Crustal Magma Plumbing of Santorini and Kolumbo Volcanoes using PmP Tomography
Deep-crustal magma plumbing at arc volcanoes controls the volume, frequency, and composition of magma being transported to and stored in the upper crust. However, the mid-to-lower…
Unprecedented Marine Heatwave Significantly Exacerbated the Record-breaking 2023 East Asian Summer Heatwave
The 2023 East Asian summer experienced a record-breaking compound hot-humid extreme and an unprecedented concurrent marine heatwave (MHW) in surrounding oceans. Understanding and …
Breaking Down Annual and Tropical Cyclone-induced Nonlinear Interactions in Total Water Level
With the increase of tropical cyclone activity, coastal communities will experience growing impacts from extreme water levels and associated compound flooding. Multiple drivers co…
Climate-Driven Alterations in Wetlandscape Properties Intensify Phytoplankton Blooms in Lake Winnipeg
Wetlandscapes—networks of hydrologically connected wetlands—can influence the transport and transformation of nutrients across watersheds. As climate change and human activity res…
Constraining atmospheric methanethiol estimates over the Southern Ocean
Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) and methanethiol (MeSH) are biologically co-produced marine volatile sulfur compounds, which play a critical role in climate-cooling aerosol formation. The …
Diagnosis of Ocean Near-Surface Horizontal Momentum Balance from pre-SWOT altimetric data, drifter trajectories, and wi…
Along-track and gridded altimetric observations of sea level are colocated and combined with data from drifter observations and wind reanalysis to reconstruct global instantaneous…
Uncertainty-aware Machine Learning Bias Correction and Filtering for OCO-2: Part 1
The Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) makes space-based radiance measurements of reflected sunlight. Using a physics-based retrieval algorithm, these measurements are inverted…
Water Mass Transformation Budgets in Finite-Volume Generalized Vertical Coordinate Ocean Models
• Water mass budgets provide insights into the processes transforming material water mass properties and how they relate to circulation. • Spurious water mass transformations due …
Multi-Species Energy-Banded Ions in the Ionosphere During the 21 January 2005 Magnetic Storm: Low-Altitude Edge of the …
During the 21-22 January 2005 magnetic storm, the FAST satellite observed warm (< few keV) ions in discrete energy bands on the dayside at ~3000 km altitude for more than 6.5 hour…
Predicting Synthetic Rating Curve Adjustment Factors with Explainable Machine Learning for Enhancing the United States …
Highlights • Synthetic Rating Curve (SRC) adjustment factors for the NHDPlus river network across the United States are predicted using explainable Machine Learning models. • The …
On the Measurement of Ocean Acidity with Ambient Sound
The volume-integrated pH of seawater can be determined from the frequency and depth dependence of wind-generated ambient noise in the ocean. Over the 1 − 10 kHz frequency band, th…
Variational Autoencoder Transfer Functions for Onshore Tsunami Hazard Curves
Tsunamis pose a threat to the coastal communities. Typically, tsunami hazards are estimated using computationally expensive numerical models, often impractical for rapidly determi…
Subduction system response to ribbon collision: implications on the intra-plate force balance and the style of slab def…
Ribbon collision is a process that can rapidly disturb the symmetry of subduction zones. Previous studies have demonstrated how ribbon collision causes rotation at the surface and…
Varieties of Deep-Ocean Velocity Vertical Structure
Vertical mode and rotary-with-depth statistics are compiled from a global dataset of full-depth lowered ADCP baroclinic velocity profiles. Mode-1 standing waves make up half (~0.5…
Artificial Neural Network Model of High-Latitude Ionospheric Electric Potential: Hemispheric and Equinoctial Asymmetries
The high-latitude ionospheric electric field plays a key role in ionospheric plasma dynamics and energetics. Various ground- and satellite-based observations have been utilized to…
A multi-scale analysis of nitrate concentration-discharge relationships in a small agricultural watershed
Applying a nested watershed framework to concentration-discharge (cQ) relationships offers valuable insights into the spatial and temporal variability of solute transport. We exam…
Internal structure of the Mantle Transition Zone beneath the contiguous U.S.: Insights from the 520-km discontinuity re…
We investigate the internal structure of the Mantle Transition Zone (MTZ) beneath the contiguous U.S. by mapping the 520 km discontinuity (d520) depth and relative amplitude of se…
Modulation of Eddy Kinetic Energy by Seasonal Extension of the Eastern Weddell Gyre
Active eddies in the eastern Weddell Gyre (WG) facilitate water mass exchange between the WG and warmer Antarctic Circumpolar Current, driving warm inflow into the WG. Using obser…
Detecting millimetric slow slip events along the North Anatolian Fault with GNSS
Active faults release part of the elastic strain energy stored in the crust via aseismic slip, either through slow slip events (SSEs) or steady slowly creep. However, spatial and …
Understanding the impact of Forest Fires on Weather Patterns and Atmospheric circulations using an integrated Fire-Weat…
• Wildfire smoke alters local atmospheric conditions by causing surface cooling, midtropospheric warming, and reducing PBL height and wind speed • Smoke aerosols reduce shortwave …
Tracking individual clouds to assess the fidelity of high-resolution modeling
Tracking individual clouds in geostationary satellite observations and numerical simulations allows to quantify cloud lifetime and development. These higher-dimensional parameters…
Strong Fault Interaction in Double-Vergence Structure: Lessons from the 2022 Yuli Earthquake and the 2022 Chihshang Ear…
The Longitudinal Valley Fault (LVF) and the Central Range Fault (CRF) in eastern Taiwan consist of a head-to-head double-vergence structure hosting disastrous earthquakes. It was …
Towards tsunami early-warning with Distributed Acoustic Sensing: expected seafloor strains induced by tsunamis
Tsunami wave observations far from the coast remain challenging due to the logistics and cost of deploying and operating offshore instrumentation on a long-term basis with suffici…
Analysis and Accuracy Assessment of a New Global Nearshore ICESat-2 Bathymetric Dataset, ATL24
Although designed primarily for cryospheric science objectives, NASA's ICESat-2 satellite, which launched in 2018, quickly became recognized as the world's first spaceborne bathym…
Independent Short- and Longwave Mechanisms for a zonally asymmetric Northern Hemisphere Temperature Response to Volcani…
Stratospheric sulphate aerosols from tropical volcanic eruptions alter surface air temperatures. Fundamentally, this is due to two different properties of the aerosols. First, the…
Solar wind discontinuities in the outer heliosphere: spatial distribution between 1 and 5 AU
Solar wind discontinuities (SWDs) are kinetic plasma structures that significantly contribute to the spectrum of magnetic field fluctuations and solar wind heating. Using Juno spa…
A Model for Automatic Identification of Atmospheric Fronts Based on Adapter and Instance Segmentation Networks
The existing machine learning methods for identifying atmospheric fronts directly input multiple meteorological elements into the network without considering whether the network's…
Pooling Seasonal Forecast Ensembles to Estimate Storm Tide Return Periods in Extra-Tropical Regions
Low-pressure systems and strong winds can generate severe storm tides, leading to coastal flooding and significant economic losses. Accurate estimates of storm tide frequency and …
Analytical Models of Instantaneous Radiative Forcing Across Opacity Regimes
Radiative forcing by carbon dioxide depends on the difference between surface and stratospheric temperature scaled by the logarithm of its concentration (Wilson and Gea-Banacloc…
Interactions between public and private flood adaptation: insights from a socio-hydrological model
Flood damages result from interacting hydrological and social processes. System-dynamics models can describe these interactions numerically, generating insights into possible fu…
Early magnitude estimation with DAS in sedimentary areas: the offshore Chile case study
While S-wave amplitudes recorded by Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) systems can provide information about earthquake source, reliability of magnitude estimates from the first s…
Stratospheric Injection Lifetimes
Material injected to the stratosphere by volcanoes and pyrocumulonimbus clouds (pyroCBs) is observed to have different lifetimes depending on the altitude, latitude, season of the…
Relationships Between Permafrost Distribution and Surface Conditions Along the Hudson Bay Railway Evaluated Using Elect…
The Hudson Bay Railway, completed in 1929, was Canada's first major infrastructure built on permafrost. The railway requires maintenance to repair track deformations caused by per…
Australian Synoptic Weather Types
Synoptic weather typing is a common technique for categorising regional circulation patterns over a region. Defined and commonly used sets of synoptic weather types have the poten…
Experimental Insights into Freeze-Thaw Effects on Fine-Grained Sediment Rheology Under Thermokarst Development
With rising global atmospheric temperatures, permafrost is rapidly degrading, forming thermokarst. These landscapes release large quantities of stored carbon into the atmosphere a…
Investigating Rotation and Anisotropic Ablation of Small Meteoroids and their Effects on Head Echo Plasma Formation via…
High-power large-aperture radar instruments observe numerous meteor head echoes per minute. Head echoes result from reflections of radio waves from plasma surrounding meteoroids a…
The GOES Eastern United States Fire Emissions (GEUFE) Inventory
Prescribed wildland and agricultural fires are common in the eastern United States (U.S.), but their small size and short durations have led polar-orbiting satellite datasets to u…
Contextualizing GCM Biases in Low-Cloud Coverage: The Role of Large-Scale Conditions
The large biases in subtropical marine low-cloud cover (LCC) simulated by general circulation models (GCMs) are often attributed to their low-cloud macrophysical parameterizations…
Experimental Study of UV-Vis-NIR Detection of Lunar Water Ice in Different Stratigraphies
Volatiles are critical for understanding their delivery to the Moon and as a resource for sustained lunar exploration. Water ice and potentially other volatiles exist in and proxi…
Nitrogen Oxides in the Remote Marine Environment: Implications for Oceanic Emissions and Photolysis of Particulate Nitr…
Nitric oxide (NO) in the remote marine atmosphere is underestimated by chemistry-climate models. We explore the potential oceanic emissions of NO and its impacts using a global ch…
Effect of Dual-Insulators on MantleDynamics and Earth’sThermal Evolution II: Complex Rheologyand Internal Heating
A significant fraction of the Earth’s mantle is bordered on the top by the continental lithosphere and on the bottom by the Large Low Velocity Provinces(LLVPs), both of which can …
Can Polycentric Governance Strengthen Civic Virtue for Social-ecological Sustainability, including by Helping to Re-enc…
This article explores the potential of polycentric governance to strengthen civic virtue for collective action towards social-ecological sustainability, including by helping ‘re-e…
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