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Recently, \citeA{Biagioli2023} used a simple stochastic model to derive a dimensionless parameter to predict convective self aggregation (SA) development, which was based on the d…

The motion of the Adriatic microplate is thought to be highly sensitive to the surrounding subduction zones and the convergence of Africa and Eurasia. However, our understanding o…

We applied an unsupervised clustering algorithm, initially trained on data from Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission at Earth, to MESSENGER observations at Mercury to identify …

The state of the near-surface atmosphere, especially air temperature and specific humidity, has profound effects on human health, ecosystem function, and global energy flows. The …

We have detected and characterized traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) in the mid-latitude ionosphere over the European region using Kharkiv incoherent scatter (IS) radar da…

Understanding the mechanics and rheological properties of the solid Earth requires integrating observations of earthquake cycle deformation with advanced numerical models of the u…

The directional derivative approach (DDA) has the potential to rapidly and accurately quantify emission distributions based on the directional derivative of satellite-observed col…

Ocean water turbidity, influenced by marine chlorophyll concentration, significantly alters the distribution of shortwave radiation in the water column. This work aims to assess t…

▪ Forests play a crucial role in global carbon cycling, yet their carbon sink capability and resilience are increasingly threatened by drought under climate change. The influence …

The cycle of bedrock valley widening and narrowing, driven by changes in sediment supply relative to sediment transport capacity, leads to the formation and preservation of strath…

Storm surge events are a key driver of widespread flooding, particularly when combined with astronomical tides superimposed on mean sea level (MSL). Coastal storms exhibit seasona…

The NextGen Water Resources Modeling Framework (NextGen), developed by NOAA's National Water Center, is an innovative and evolving model-agnostic framework designed to enhance flo…

The polar caps of Mars, primarily composed of water ice with minor fractions of Martian dust, serve as a record of the planet’s past dynamics. Distinct dust-rich layers have been …

Enhanced rock weathering (ERW) is an innovative geoengineering approach that involves spreading finely crushed silicate minerals on agricultural lands to accelerate natural weathe…

Accurate simulation of terrestrial water storage (TWS), the integrated volume of water in soil, groundwater, snow, surface water and vegetation per unit area, is challenging. TWS …

Internal tides are generated in the stratified ocean interior by the interaction of barotropic tidal currents with rough bathymetry. Low-vertical-mode internal tides can transport…

The Isocon method is a widely used and efficient approach for mass-transfer calculations. However, it faces significant challenges, including the reliable identification of immobi…

Arctic sea ice extent grows from its September minimum through winter, influenced mainly by September sea ice conditions and atmospheric circulation during the ice-growing season.…

State estimation is a critical task in practice as it is the prerequisite for effective parameter estimation (PE), skillful prediction, optimal control, and the development of rob…

While melt-driven occurrence of supraglacial water is largely recognized, an essential but over-looked component of supraglacial water appearance is glacial dynamics and their int…

Due to the 21st-century wildfire crisis in the Western United States, managers are implementing mechanical thinning to remove low-value woody biomass from forests at unprecedented…

Sub-Plinian eruptions often repeat with short intervals and the magma discharge rate during the eruptions changes. The mechanism that controls the variation in the discharge rate …

Recent work suggests that upscaling multiphase flow requires the averaging of capillary fluctuations in both space and time. This raises the questions: what are the representative…

In agricultural areas, Tile Drains (TDs) are often installed by farmers in order to drain any excess of water accumulating in crop fields. This anthropogenic modification to the l…

The Delaware Basin in West Texas and Southeast New Mexico has experienced a proliferation in seismic activity since 2016. The seismic activity is primarily due to subsurface injec…

After over a half-century of development, bathymetric lidar is a mature and widely used technology for mapping the littoral zone in support of nautical charting, benthic habitat a…

A travelling ionospheric disturbance (TID) containing embedded plasma structures which generated Fresnel type asymmetric quasi-periodic scintillations (QPS: Maruyama, 1991) was tr…

Predicting the extent of wave-driven dune erosion under wave impact and elevated water levels will improve our ability to safeguard the livelihood of ecosystems, communities and i…

Magnetometers are essential instruments in space physics, but their measurements are often contaminated by various external interference sources. In this work, we present a compre…

This study characterizes changes to the ocean structure and ocean thermal energy budget produced by tropical cyclones (TCs) over the North West Shelf of Australia using a 20-year …

Terrestrial processes control land-to-atmosphere fluxes of water, energy, and carbon and are also influenced by climate. Feedbacks in the land-atmosphere coupled system can theref…

Paleointensity observations from meteorites provide insights into planetary formation and evolution. Meteoritic samples are usually dominated by Fe-rich kamacite, that is capable …

In the Southern Ocean, subsurface chlorophyll maxima (SCMs) can indicate deep accumulations of phytoplankton. Recent observations of subsurface chlorophyll fluorescence maxima (SF…

With increasing climate variability, natural disaster frequency, and populations there is an emerging need for digital awareness of the built environment. Knowing who and what is …

Tipping elements are critical components of the Earth system. These are small perturbations that can cause large, potentially cascading, and irreversible impacts on the climate sy…

We employ differential adjoint tomography to image the San Gabriel Basin, Chino Basin and San Bernardino Basin in the northern Los Angeles to suppress the effects of unknown noise…

State estimation is a critical task in practice as it is the prerequisite for effective parameter estimation (PE), skillful prediction, optimal control, and the development of rob…

Wave-influenced deltas are the most abundant delta type and are also potentially the most at-risk to human-caused changes, owing to the effects of wave-driven sediment transport p…

The Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall (ISMR) contributes to 80% of India’s annual precipitation, affecting 1.4 billion people. The performance of CMIP6 models in simulating ISMR is s…

In the pursuit of advancing environmental monitoring technologies to measure toxic air contaminants, our research introduces a novel, cost-efficient Spark-Induced Breakdown Spec…

This study presents the first dynamically downscaled projections of ocean acidification (OA) for the main Hawaiian Islands using coupled Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) and …

Future missions to icy ocean worlds (OW) such as Europa and Enceladus will evaluate the habitability of, and search for, potential biosignatures from these worlds. These mission…

Airborne maritime lidars are widely used for measuring coastal bathymetry. However, these lidars require manned aircraft for operation and are expensive to build and field. Additi…