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Showing 17001 to 17050 of 22070 works
Statistical Response of ENSO Complexity to Initial Value and Parameter Perturbations
El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has two major facets, namely the Eastern Pacific (EP) and the Central Pacific (CP) events, with irregular and quasi-periodic anomalies in wind …
Anomaly detection for the identification of volcanic unrest in satellite imagery
Satellite-based InSAR images have the potential to detect volcanic deformation prior to eruptions, but while a vast number of images are routinely acquired, only a small percentag…
Shallow convective heating in weak temperature gradient balance explains mesoscale vertical motions in the trades
Earth's climate sensitivity depends on how shallow clouds in the trades respond to changes in the large-scale tropical circulation with warming. In canonical theory for this cloud…
Close correlation between vertically integrated tropospheric water vapor and the downward, broadband thermal-infrared i…
The impact of the vertical distribution of tropospheric water vapor on the cloud-free downward, broadband thermal-infrared irradiance (F TIR ) was quantified using observations…
Clustering of Right-Moving Tornadic Supercell Proximity Sounding Profiles using an Explainable Framework
Previous studies have clustered and analyzed proximity sounding profiles associated with tornadic right-moving supercells. However, few have objectively determined the optimal num…
A model study exploring the decision loop between unilateral stratospheric aerosol injection scenario design and Earth …
Stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI) is being discussed as a possible approach to reduce future global warming in addition to emission cuts, and various scenarios and Earth syste…
The glass ceiling convective regime and the origin and diversity of coronae on Venus
On Venus, the coexistence of large volcanic highlands interpreted as the surface expression of long-lived mantle plumes, alongside coronae, smaller features thought to be caused b…
Emulator of PR-DNS: Part II, Accelerating thermodynamics and cloud droplet fields with machine learning in Particle-Res…
Particle-resolved direct numerical simulations (PR-DNS) are crucial for unraveling the intricate interplay of aerosol-cloud-turbulence processes. However, such models are challeng…
Ocean Response Along the East Antarctic Coastal Margin to the Southern Ocean Annular Mode
Ocean circulation around the Antarctic coastal margins plays a critical role in heat delivery to Antarctica, melting ice shelves. However, until recently, satellite-based sea-leve…
New Insights into the Effects of Crack Dynamic Hysteresis on Slope Stability
Desiccation cracks exhibit a hysteresis behavior, referred to as crack dynamic hysteresis (CDH), where they display different geometric characteristics during the drying and wetti…
Grounding-Zone Wedge Formation and Effects on Ice-Stream Retreat and Stability
Ice streams deposit sediment at their grounding lines, where ice reaches flotation. Grounding Zone Wedge (GZW) deposits indicate standstills in past grounding-line retreat, and ar…
Impact of Turbulence on the Relationship between Cloud Feedback and Aerosol-Cloud Interaction in an E3SMv2 Perturbed Pa…
Recent studies reveal an anti-correlation between global cloud feedback (CF) and effective radiative forcing due to aerosol-cloud interaction (ERFaci) in climate models, but its p…
A Controlled-Source Physical Model for Long Period Events
Long-period events (LPs) are observed in active volcanoes, hydrothermal systems, and hydraulic fracturing. The prevailing model for LP events suggests that they result from pressu…
Analyzing the joint effect of volcanic carbon and sulfur emissions on the marine carbon cycle
Large Igneous Province (LIP) eruptions are thought to have driven environmental and climate change over wide temporal scales ranging from a few to thousands of years. Since the ra…
Exploring Global Water Scarcity Dynamics through Causal Discovery and Structural Causal Modelling
Water scarcity represents a critical global challenge, which is driven by diverse complex interactions between natural and anthropogenic factors. Long-term water scarcity often re…
Internal Tides from SWOT: A 75-day Instantaneous Mode-1 M 2 Internal Tide Model
[JGR manuscript 2024JC021174R] Seventy-five days of sea surface height measurements made by the Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission from September 7 to November 21, …
Examining the Quantification Capability of Automated Mineralogy System: A Machine Learning Approach
Automated mineralogy systems are a type of advanced material characterization platform. By scanning the surface with an electron beam and analyzing the emitted X-rays, they can au…
Physics-Informed Deep Learning for Forward and Inverse Modeling of Inplane Crustal Deformation
Methods for modeling crustal deformation related to earthquakes and plate motions have been developed to incorporate complex crustal structures and multi-fidelity observations. A …
Rate and Pressure Dependence of Dilatancy and Fault Strength in Partially-Drained Laboratory Fault Zones
The dynamics of the fluid flow within faults plays a critical role in the evolution of fault strength through the seismic cycle. The key processes that control how fluids affect f…
Frictional Stability and Permeability Enhancement of a Natural Granite Fracture under Monotonic and Cyclic Fluid Inject…
Cyclic fluid injection is a promising hydraulic stimulation strategy for balancing seismicity control and permeability enhancement in underground formations. However, the mechan…
Forcing mechanisms of salt intrusion in a low-lying river delta during a prolonged drought
• On a weekly timescale the river discharge is the best predictor for salt intrusion length. • Variations of salt intrusion length on a timescale of a few days are driven by coast…
Biomass Burning and Gas Flares create the extreme West African Aerosol Plume which perturbs the Hadley Circulation and …
Three significant changes have occurred in the winter climate in Europe recently: increased UK flooding; Iberian drought; and warmer temperatures north of the Alps. The literature…
Adjustment of decadal ocean carbon sink predictions using deep learning
We implement an encoder-decoder artificial neural network (ANN) to post-process decadal predictions of gridded air-sea CO2 flux produced with an Earth system model (ESM) with pres…
Temperature response to volcanic forcing
Large volcanic eruptions strongly influence the internal variability of the climate system. Reliable estimates of the volcanic eruption response as simulated by climate models are…
The impacts of an AMOC slowdown on Australian climate at 8.2 ka in ACCESS-ESM1.5 model
Greenland ice cores reveal an abrupt cooling of up to 3.3°C 8.2 kyr ago (8.2 ka), lasting for roughly 160 years. The event was likely caused by a weakening of the Atlantic Meridio…
On the F-region ionospheric plasma density distribution and irregularities response during the May-2024 geomagnetic sto…
not-yet-known not-yet-known not-yet-known unknown This study investigates the F-region plasma density and irregul…
Monitoring Global Ionospheric Conditions With Electromagnetic Lightning Impulses Registered in Extremely Low Frequency …
The Extremely Low Frequency band (ELF: 0.03 – 1000 Hz) electromagnetic signals from thunderstorm lightning discharges can propagate around the globe in the Earth-ionosphere resona…
Temporal evolution of anthropogenic carbon in the subpolar North Atlantic gyre between 2011 - 2021
The ocean plays a major role in the moderation of anthropogenically-induced climate change by absorbing roughly a quarter of anthropogenic CO2 (Cant). This absorption of Cant by t…
Adjustment of decadal ocean carbon sink predictions using deep learning
We implement an encoder-decoder artificial neural network (ANN) to post-process decadal predictions of gridded air-sea CO2 flux produced with an Earth system model (ESM) with pres…
Human-caused ocean warming has intensified recent hurricanes
• A new framework estimates how sea surface temperatures boosted by climate change influence tropical cyclone intensities • Hurricane intensities during 2019-2023 were 8.3 m s −1 …
Formula for the Chandler Period (Free Nutation of Planetary Bodies)
Free nutation is excited if the rotational equilibrium of a planetary body is disturbed. When viewed from space, it is expressed as a wobble of the planet around its rotation pole…
Quantitative diagnosis of forced uplift mechanisms for springtime MCS initiation over the Great Plains
The initiation of springtime mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) over the U.S. Great Plains is strongly supported by synoptically forced uplift. In this study, we first quantify t…
Laboratory measurement of sonic (1-20 kHz) P-wave velocity and attenuation during melting of ice-bearing sand
We measured the acoustic properties of ice-bearing sand packs in the laboratory using a novel acoustic pulse tube within the frequency range of 1-20 kHz, similar to sonic well-log…
Predictors of Substorm Onset Conjugate Displacement
Using a substorm onset list from the Imager for Magnetopause to Aurora Global Exploration (IMAGE) and Polar satellite images, we have constructed a new dataset of 63 substorm onse…
The influence of non-thermal collisions in Europa's atmosphere
In this study, we show that non-thermal collisions can play a significant role in shaping Europa's exospheric structure. Collisions between radiolytically produced O2 and the O pr…
Characteristics and Predictability of Heavy Precipitation Related to Atmospheric Rivers, Mesoscale Convective Systems a…
The results of prior work indicated that the Southeast United States (SEUS) region contains extreme Quantitative Precipitation Forecast (QPF) skill that is lower than other region…
Stochastic dynamics of coastal dune vegetation
This work introduces a physically-based model to capture the spatio-temporal dynamics of dune vegetation under stochastic environmental disturbances. In analogy with other transit…
Computationally efficient subglacial drainage modeling using Gaussian Process emulators: GlaDS-GP v1.0
Subglacial drainage models represent water flow at the ice--bed interface through coupled distributed and channelized systems to determine water pressure, discharge and drainage s…
Improving Water Table Kinematic Conditions with Unsaturated Flow Insights
Kinematic conditions at the water table are commonly used in analytical models to interpret aquifer pumping test data. However, the existing kinematic conditions often lead to an …
Magnetic ground response of the 2024 Mother's Day storm in Northern Europe
Space weather is a significant threat to modern society. Charged particles, Ground Induced Currents (GICs), and changes in the magnetosphere and atmosphere threaten a wide range o…
Predicting the Evolution of Extreme Water Levels with Long Short-Term Memory Station-based Approximated Models and Tran…
Extreme water levels (EWLs) resulting from cyclones pose significant flood hazards and risks to coastal communities and interconnected ecosystems. To date, physically-based models…
Failure of A Deep Asperity in Hyuga-nada, Japan: The August 8, 2024 Mw 7.1 Subduction Zone Earthquake
(This is a paper submitted to GRL) Understanding megathrust slip behavior is crucial for assessing fault physics and earthquake hazards in subduction zones. Here we investigate th…
Learning Relationships Between Disparate Representations of Objects with Transformers and Contrastive Losses
Large language models are moving into a multi-modal space covering text, images, audio, and other media, yet scientific datasets possess features that are not represented by this …
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