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Using nine chemistry-climate and eight associated no-chemistry models, we investigate the persistence and timing of cold episodes occurring in the Arctic and Antarctic stratospher…

Submesoscale flows (0.1 - 10 km) are often associated with large vertical velocities, which can have a significant impact on the transport of surface tracers, such as carbon. Howe…

The spatiotemporal evolution of droughts in the Congo River Basin (CRB) from 1981–2018 was investigated using the Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) and Standardised Precipita…

This paper reports the detection of a statistically anomalous, multi-variable oceanographic and atmospheric signal in the southeastern Indian Ocean (37°S–39°S, 89°E–94°E) using a …

To overcome the challenge of converting aircraft reconnaissance winds to near-surface typhoon winds, this paper presents a hybrid method combining physics and empirical relations.…

Event-based backward travel time distributions (bTTDs) derived from tracer impulse responses provide event-scale insight into catchment transport, while StorAge Selection (SAS) fu…

We present a deterministic framework for the detection, long-baseline tracking, and dynamical coupling of Planet 9 (Designated Candidate #4) within the outer Solar System. Utilizi…

Climate change is causing more heatwaves around the world, and their effects on highly populated agricultural areas can be devastating. This paper provides a forecast of heatwave …

The global magnetic field of Mars ceased at approximately 4.1–3.7 Ga, an epoch that coincides with the principal constructional phase of the Tharsis volcanic province—the most vol…

The Orbital-Bioevolutionary Cycles Expanded (OBC-E) framework proposes that Earth episodically captured secondary satellites, triggering tidal disruption near the Roche limit, cir…

The Wind spacecraft is a critical element in NASA’s Heliophysics System Observatory (HSO) – a fleet of spacecraft created to understand the dynamics of the sun-Earth system – owin…

Coupled reservoir flow and geomechanics receives a growing research interests for applications in unconventional oil & gas recovery and geological CO2sequestration. For CO2 seques…

Formic acid (HCOOH) is one of the most abundant volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the Earth’s atmosphere and an important source of atmospheric acidity. Here we present the fir…

In July 2021, Germany experienced its costliest riverine floods in history, with over 189 fatalities and a staggering \euro33 billion in damages. Following this event, news outlet…

In recent years, the Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) instrument on board the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) Curiosity rover has detected methane variations in the atmosphere at Gale …

Montane snowpack is a vital source of water supply in the Western United States. However, the future of snow in these regions in a changing climate is uncertain. Here, we use a la…

The ILRS completed the reanalysis of the entire period of useful data from geodetic spherical targets spanning 1983 to end of 2020. The combined products were submitted to ITRS fo…

The Basque-Cantabrian basin is located in northern Spain in the westernmost part of the Pyrenees. It is a Mesozoic rift, inverted during the Tertiary. In this basin, a subsiding d…

Whether deep earthquakes beneath the southern East African Rift, down to 44 ±4 km, occur above or below the Moho has remained controversial. We explore a new technique, relying on…

The Martian global dynamo ceased early in planetary history, with available constraints placing the shutdown between approximately 4.1 and 3.7 Ga—an interval overlapping the main …

Taxonomic identification of marine microfossils such as foraminifera and coccolithophores is essential for reconstructing past oceanographic and climatic conditions. However, this…

Short-duration intense rainstorms drive flash floods in small urban watersheds, yet assessing their severity across multiple spatiotemporal scales remains challenging because indi…

The surface energy budget governs Arctic sea-ice growth/melt, yet observations are sparse, and reanalysis datasets suffer from systematic biases. Here, we train a neural network w…

The integration of large vision-language models with earth science data presents unique challenges including the scarcity of labeled geoscientific data, the need for effective lon…

The Warm Plasma Cloak (WPC) consists of ions in the inner magnetosphere with energies between 10eV and 1keV and showing a bidirectional pitch angle distribution of particles. Thes…

Gamma-ray excesses near the inner Milky Way are scientifically important because a smooth component with the right angular profile and energy scale can resemble emission from anni…

The developing 2026 El Nino risk matters for India because a warm tropical Pacific can weaken the southwest monsoon, sharpen rainfall breaks, amplify compound heat, disturb sowing…

Tropical cyclone-extreme heat (TCEH) compound events pose severe risks for human health under climate change, yet their physical evolution remains poorly understood. Using global …

Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) is an increasingly popular tool for marine mammal monitoring. Until recently, most monitoring efforts targeted lower frequency sounds made by la…

In this article, we present mathematical evidence regarding the singularity problem (Figure \ref{fig:my_plots}) of the 3D Navier-Stokes equations—specifically as it is addressed a…

The sea level seasonal cycle provides a useful benchmark for evaluating ocean general circulation models (OGCMs). We leverage this observational signal to assess OGCM errors in se…

Hemispheric warming asymmetry is believed to contribute to the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and associated climatic extremes. However, the causes of this asymmetry remain a…

Understanding drought dynamics jointly in space and time is essential for effective drought risk management and forecasting systems. However, the characterization of simultaneous …

The North Atlantic is a major hotspot for the uptake, accumulation, and storage of anthropogenic carbon (Canth), processes that are closely linked to the Atlantic Meridional Overt…

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) provide targets for humanity to achieve sustainable development by 2030. A monitoring framework of 248 environmental, social, and economic…

The strength of CO2 fertilisation is a major uncertainty across terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs) and is suggested to be overestimated without a representation of nitrogen (N) l…

The variety of tectonic features on the Moon indicates that the lunar lithosphere has undergone a complex deformational history. Lobate scarps and wrinkle ridges are two such tect…

We characterize the vortex and dust devil activity at Jezero from pressure and winds obtained with the MEDA instrument on Mars 2020 over 415 sols (Ls=6-213º). Vortices are abundan…

We found a persistent increase in landward tidal attenuation in the Barataria region, indicating an increased risk of tidal intrusion over time. We inferred significant land sub…

Between 2000 and 2020, the potential for glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs) and the exposure and vulnerability of downstream populations to them, have changed across the globe. …

We evaluated the performance of three global evapotranspiration (ET) models using the multiple sets of LAI and meteorological data from 1982 to 2017, and investigated the uncertai…

Wildfires are increasingly destructive in the wildland-urban interface (WUI), where vegetation meets development. How fires spread as they transition into developed landscapes rem…