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During the last ice-age, temperatures in Greenland have frequently increased and decreased by 10◦C. Detailed studies with climate models suggest that this is caused by collapses a…

Context. The Jovian magnetopause is a highly dynamic boundary that experiences substantial deformation driven by interactions with the co-rotating internal plasma and the solar wi…

Modeling studies predict that biological aerosol, specifically pollen acting as giant cloud condensation nuclei (GCCN), can modify precipitation character by initiating collision-…

Convection initiation under strong convective inhibition (CIN) is examined using three cloud-resolving models: the Vector Vorticity Model (VVM), the Anelastic Convective Entity (A…

The Orbital-Bioevolutionary Cycles Expanded (OBC-E) model proposes that episodic orbital interactions with secondary satellites or circumterrestrial debris systems generated prolo…

We examined the impacts of coupling the atmosphere to fully dynamical ocean and wave 19 models by representing a February 2024 nor’easter along the U.S. East Coast. While fully 20…

A major challenge in thermospheric modeling is characterizing the neutral density response to geomagnetic storms, which is crucial for spacecraft safety in low Earth orbit (LEO). …

Developing a full understanding of many geological and synthetic material processes, such as crustal metamorphism, mantle phase transformations, and alloy grain refinement require…

This study proposes a previously unrecognized pathway through witch climate change and greenhouse gas emission alter the composition of the upper atmosphere and modulate neutral d…

We report the discovery of a linear scaling relationship between crustal Moho depth and the postsynodic-tidal lag at which earthquake maximum magnitude (Mmax) is statistically ele…

We present EEJ LSTM v3, a machine learning model for storm-time prediction of the SYM-H index, used here as a proxy for equatorial electrojet (EEJ) variability over the Indian sec…

Earthquake forecasting remains a central challenge in geophysics due to the nonlinear, threshold–driven nature of fault systems and the intrinsic variability of rupture processes.…

We present observations of a gravity wave (GW) event over the Netherlands and Belgium in the night and early morning of June 30, 2022. This event was captured by instruments that …

The aim of this paper is to propose a Mars Quantum Gravity Mission (MaQuIs). The mission is targeted at improving the data on the gravitational field of Mars, enabling studies on …

Introduction : Reconstructing the Tree of Life across deep evolutionary timescales remains challenging despite the availability of large genomic datasets. Phylogenetic studies com…

This work proposes a theory of lunar formation grounded in a thermodynamic necessity: any Earth-mass planet emerges from accretion in a state of near-total silicate mantle melting…

Vertical exchange between the surface mixed layer (ML) and the interior is important for biogeochemistry and air–sea interaction. Focused observations have consistently shown that…

Fresh submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) and seawater intrusion (SWI) are complementary processes at the interface of coastal groundwater and oceans. Multiple common drivers en…

The persistent apsidal clustering of Extreme Trans-Neptunian Objects (ETNOs) requires a deterministic gravitational anchor. This paper presents the Sabne Framework v33.0, a 33-lev…

With wildfires increasing in activity in the Western United States and around the world, there is an immediate need to understand the toxic effects of the smoke. This chapter will…

Mesoscale Convective Systems (MCSs) play a critical role in tropical rainfall patterns and circulations. To reduce persistent biases and improve understanding of the climate syste…

Dendrochronology in West Africa has not yet been developed despite encouraging reports suggesting the potential for long tree-ring reconstructions of hydroclimate in the tropics. …

With Regulation (EU) 2024/1991 on nature restoration (NRR), the European Union has created a binding framework to restore damaged ecosystems to good condition and halt the loss of…

Slow slip events remain undocumented in several tectonically active margins, despite growing evidence that aseismic slip may be widespread across subduction zones. We analyze GNSS…

The biological carbon pump is a key controller of how much carbon is stored within the global ocean. This pathway is influenced by food web interactions between zooplankton and th…

Cosmic ray neutron sensors (CRNS) allow to determine field-scale soil moisture content non-invasively due to the dependence of aboveground measured epithermal neutrons on the amou…

Cosmic ray neutron sensors (CRNS) allow to determine field-scale soil moisture content non-invasively due to the dependence of aboveground measured epithermal neutrons on the amou…

The increasing ubiquity of high-resolution imagery has yielded many observations of water-filled crevasses across the surfaces of glaciers and ice sheets (e.g., Figure 1a). The su…

We developed a three-dimensional unstructured grid coastal and estuarine circulation model, named the General Ocean Model (GOM). Combining the finite volume and finite difference …

Drained and cultivated grasslands on peat soils behave as a significant source of greenhouse gasses by oxidation. However, the lack of empirical estimates of carbon losses from pe…

We present Phase E validation results for ORAC-NT, an independent lightweight gravitational wave detection pipeline. Building on Phases A-D which demonstrated 10/10 event recovery…

Water quality degradation threatens public health and ecological stability across Bangladesh's densely populated river basins. We present the first comprehensive, system-wide wate…

Variations in the elemental C:N:P ratios of organic matter (OM) influence the coupling of carbon and nutrient cycles in the ocean. In this study, we assess the relevance of OM C:N…

Earth science disciplines, encompassing atmospheric science, oceanography, geology, climatology, and environmental science, increasingly rely on large-scale multisource observatio…

Subsurface Yanai waves are observed in the central equatorial Pacific at 436-864 m depth, providing observations below the Equatorial Undercurrent. Applying maximum likelihood est…