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Showing 14751 to 14800 of 22070 works

Enhancing regional seismic velocity model with higher-resolution local results using sparse dictionary learning

We use sparse dictionary learning to develop transformations between seismic velocity models of different resolution and spatial extent. Starting with results in the common region…

Uncovering the dynamics of multi-sector impacts of hydrological extremes: a methods overview

Hydrological extremes, such as droughts and floods, can trigger a complex web of compound and cascading impacts due to interdependencies between coupled natural and social systems…

Urban FEW Nexus Model for the Otun River Watershed

The food-energy-water (FEW) nexus has emerged as an alternative to improve the management of the resources used in the food, energy, and water systems. However, there are limited …

Effects of composite rheology on plate-like behavior in global-scale mantle convection

Earthâ\euro™s upper mantle rheology controls lithosphere-asthenosphere coupling and thus surface tectonics. Rock deformation experiments and seismic anisotropy measurements indica…

Stokes drift should not be added to ocean general circulation model velocities

Studies of ocean surface transport often invoke the “Eulerian-mean hypothesis”: that wave-agnostic general circulation models neglecting explicit surface waves effects simulate th…

Critical role of vertical radiative cooling contrast in triggering episodic deluges in small-domain hothouse climates

Seeley and Wordsworth (2021) showed that in small-domain cloud-resolving simulations the pattern of precipitation transforms in extremely hot climates (≥320 K) from quasi-steady t…

Spatial response of Greenland's firn layer to NAO variability

Firn on the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) buffers meltwater, and has a variable thickness, complicating observations of volume change to mass change. In this study, we use a firn mod…

Estimation of the snow water equivalent using Muon Scattering Radiography

Despite the important hydrological and ecological implications of the snowpack, its real time monitoring remains challenging. This is particularly relevant in relation to the Snow…

Constraining Sector-specific CO2 Fluxes using Space-based XCO2 Observations over the Los Angeles Basin

The concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in Earth’s atmosphere is increasing due to human activities and the resulting effects on the global climate system have initiated sev- er…

Characterizing Mesoscale Cellular Convection in Marine Cold Air Outbreaks with a Machine Learning Approach

During marine cold-air outbreaks (MCAOs), when cold polar air moves over warmer ocean, a well-recognized cloud pattern develops, with open or closed mesoscale cellular convection …

Nucleation of laboratory earthquakes: quantitative analysis and scalings

Decades of seismological observations have highlighted the variability of foreshock occurrence prior to natural earthquakes, making thus difficult to track how earthquakes start. …

Historical Trends in Ocean Heat, Carbon, Salinity, and Oxygen Simulations: Impact of a Changing Ocean Circulation

Examination of historical simulations from CMIP6 models shows substantial pre-industrial to present-day changes in ocean heat (ΔH), salinity (ΔS), oxygen (ΔO2), dissolved inorgani…

Recreating observed convection-generated gravity waves from weather radar observations via a neural network and a dynam…

Convection-generated gravity waves (CGWs) transport momentum and energy, and this momentum is a dominant driver of global features of Earth’s atmosphere’s general circulation (e.g…

Radio Instrument Package for Lunar Ionospheric Observation: A Concept Study

The lunar ionosphere is a ~100 km thick layer of electrically charged plasma surrounding the moon. Despite knowledge of its existence for decades, the structure and dynamics of th…

Cloud Macro-and Microphysical Properties as Coupled to Sea Ice Leads During the MOSAiC Expedition

This study presents the micro- and macrophysical cloud properties as a function of their surface coupling state with the sea ice during the wintertime of the MOSAiC field experime…

Cascading of Seasonal and Interannual Variability Between Upper Ocean Processes and the Slope Current in the Cosmonaut …

The current system in the Cosmonaut Sea off East Antarctica is subjected to large-scale climate change, which in turn affects the nutrient availability and productivity of the reg…

Instability and mesoscale eddy fluxes in an idealized 3-layer Beaufort Gyre

We study the impacts of a continental slope on instability and mesoscale eddy fluxes in idealized 3-layer numerical model simulations. The simulations are inspired by and mimic th…

A Sandwich With Water: Bayesian/Frequentist Uncertainty Quantification under Model Misspecification

In this paper we review basic elements of Frequentist inference, specifically maximum likelihood (ML) and M-estimation to point out a critical flaw of Bayesian methods for hydrolo…

Temperature control on deep tectonic tremor belt in the Nankai subduction zone

Deep tectonic tremors occur in the Nankai subduction zone, defining a belt-like zone with a width of a few ten km located at depths between 30 and 55 km along upper surface of the…

Polar aerosol rivers: detection, characteristics and potential applications

Aerosols play a key role in polar climate, and are affected by long-range transport from the mid-latitudes, both in the Arctic and Antarctic. This work investigates poleward extre…

An isotopologue-enabled model (∆ 47 , ∆ 48 ) for describing thermal fluid-carbonate interaction in open and closed diag…

The geochemical and ultrastructural properties of thermally altered skeletal carbonate are expected to be compromised to varying degrees by disequilibrium processes between solids…

Constraining the mechanisms of aeolian bedform formation on Mars through a global morphometric survey

Aeolian processes on Mars form a distinct class of meter-scale ripples, whose mechanisms of formation are debated. We present a global morphometric survey of bedforms on Mars, add…

Constraining the uncertainty associated with sea salt aerosol parameterizations in global models using nudged UKESM1-AM…

Sea salt is the largest source of natural aerosol in the atmosphere by mass. Formed when ocean waves break and bubbles burst, sea salt aerosols (SSA) influence Earth’s climate via…

Passive remote sensing of the atmospheric boundary layer in Colorado's East River Valley during the seasonal change fro…

The structure and evolution of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) under clear-sky fair weather conditions over mountainous terrain is dominated by the diurnal cycle of the surfa…

Estimating uncertainty in simulated ENSO statistics

The use of large ensembles of model simulations is growing due to the need to minimize the influence of internal variability in evaluation of climate models and the detection of c…

Understanding advances and challenges of urban water security and sustainability in China based on water footprint dyna…

Sustainability of China’s numerous cities are threatened by both quantity- and quality-induced water scarcity, which can be measured by the water footprint from a consumption (WFc…

Simulating the effects of regional forest cover changes on mid-latitude boundary-layer clouds.

Evidence has been provided that land-cover changes such as deforestation can have an impact on cloudiness and precipitation. However, conflicting results have been obtained at dif…

Development and Application of Artificial Neural Network Model for Optimal Operation of a Reservoir System Towards Meet…

Nine different ANN models are developed for the Kangsabati reservoir, India with a various sets of input and target variables. A three-layer fully connected feed forward multilaye…

Impacts of tidally driven internal mixing in the Early Eocene Ocean

Diapycnal mixing in the ocean interior is largely fueled by internal tides. Mixing schemes that represent the breaking of internal tides are now routinely included in ocean and ea…

Tailored forecasts can predict extreme climate informing proactive interventions in East Africa

This commentary discusses new advances in the predictability of east African rains and highlights the potential for improved early warning systems (EWS), humanitarian relief effor…

Observations of fog-aerosol interactions over central Greenland

Supercooled fogs can have an important radiative impact at the surface of the Greenland Ice Sheet, but they are difficult to detect and our understanding of the factors that contr…

Variability of the Gravitational Constant G

A brief history of the gravitational constant G is made and the current value is given. G for the Earth is calculated at perihelion and aphelion, resulting in different values. G …

Asymmetric dependence in hydrological extremes

Extremal dependence describes the strength of correlation between the largest observations of two variables. It is usually measured with symmetric dependence coefficients that do …

Determining Undersampled Coastal Tidal Harmonics using Regularized Least Squares

Recent observation reveals a stunning fact that coastal tides are experiencing rapid change in the last century in the world. High-accuracy tidal-level data is needed to achieve a…

Snow Loss into Leads in Arctic Sea Ice: Minimal in Typical Wintertime Conditions, but High During a Warm and Windy Snow…

The amount of snow on Arctic sea ice impacts the ice mass budget. Wind redistribution of snow into open water in leads is hypothesized to cause significant wintertime snow loss. H…

Wet Antecedent Conditions and High Baseflow Trigger Widespread Floods in Indian Sub-continental River Basins

Widespread floods affecting multiple subbasins in a river basin are more disastrous than localized flooding. Understanding the mechanisms, drivers and probability of widespread fl…

H12L-0840: Climate Driven Changes in Snow Regime Classifications of the Continental United States (AGU 2022, Poster Ses…

Much of the world’s water resource infrastructure is experiencing rapid shifts in climate and snowmelt. Changing snowmelt regimes are responsible for rain-on-snow river flo…

Climate change signal in Atlantic tropical cyclones today and near future

This manuscript discusses the challenges in detecting and attributing recently observed trends in the Atlantic hurricanes and the epistemic uncertainty we face in assessing future…

Earthquake magnitude with DAS: a transferable data-based scaling relation

Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) is a promising technique to improve the rapid detection and characterization of earthquakes. Due to some instrumental limitations, current DAS s…

Assessing Silt Generation and Origins in Granitoid-Hosted Soils: Implications for Loess Formation

The origin and production of silt are key factors in the formation of loess deposits. Although many processes can potentially lead to silt generation, few are known to produce sil…

Ensemble-Based Data Assimilation of Significant Wave Height from Sofar Spotters and Satellite Altimeters with a Global …

An ensemble-based method for wave data assimilation is implemented using significant wave height observations from the globally distributed network of Sofar Spotter buoys and sate…

Numerical modelling of earthquake cycles based on Navier-Stokes equations with Viscoelastic-plasticity rheology

Visco-elastic-plastic modelling approaches for long-term tectonic deformation assume that co-seismic fault displacement can be integrated over 1,000s-10,000s years (tens of earthq…

Thermophysical assessment on the feasibility of basal melting in the south polar region of Mars

Bright basal reflectors in radargram from the Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionosphere Sounding (MARSIS) of the Martian south polar layered deposits (SPLD) have been inte…

Weddell Sea control of ocean temperature variability on the western Antarctic Peninsula

Recent ice loss on the western Antarctic Peninsula has been driven by warming ocean waters on the continental shelf. However, due to the short observational record, our understand…

Relationship Between Atmospheric Rivers and the Dry Season Extreme Precipitation in Central-Western Mexico

Atmospheric rivers (AR) are long, narrow jets of moisture transport responsible for over 90% of moisture transport from the tropics to higher latitudes, covering only between 2% a…

Non-monotonic trend analysis using Mann-Kendall with self-quantiles

Recently, climate change makes itself felt at increasing levels due to rising temperatures, irregular precipitation patterns and changing weather events. Although the frequently u…

A blue water scarcity-based method for hydrologically sustainable agricultural expansion design

At the heart of the vision of sustainable development and intergenerational responsibility lies the prudent use of natural resources. Agriculture is a key sector both in terms o…

Improved National-Scale Flood Prediction for Gauged and Ungauged Basins using a Spatio-temporal Hierarchical Model

Floods cause hundreds of fatalities and billions of dollars of economic loss each year in the United States. To mitigate these damages, accurate flood prediction is needed for iss…

Consistent modelling of transport processes and travel times - coupling soil hydrologic processes with StorAge Selectio…

Understanding the transport processes and travel times of pollutants in the subsurface is crucial for an effective management of drinking water resources. Transport processes and …

Constructing a geography of heavy-tailed flood distributions: insights from common streamflow dynamics

Key Points 1. Regional propensity of flood tail behavior is shown across a diverse geographical range based on the analysis of common streamflow dynamics. 2. Temporal variability …

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